Unit 9 Kids and Computers公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit9KidsandComputers:

DigitalDangerAlisonSperry

digitaladj.

processing,operatingon,storing,transmitting,representing,ordisplayingdataintheformofnumeralsfrom0through9e.g.Shehasadigitalalarm-clockandtwodigitalwatches.Thereisadigitalcomputerintheoffice.Istheinventionofcomputerablissoranightmareforhumanbeings?Lead-in15歲少年殺死干擾自己上網(wǎng)母親后，繼續(xù)打網(wǎng)游、、、Lead-inComputergameboardgameTalkingintherealworldChattingonlineLead-inpaintingwithwatercolors"coloring"withadesktoppaint-boxLead-in 1.Computersareindispensableinandoutofclassforourstudies.Computerscanbeusedforinformation,instructionandentertainment.Howdoyoutakeadvantageofyourcomputer?Opentodiscussion.Lead-in 2.Withtheadventofcomputers,videogamescameintobeing,whichhavearousedgreatcontroversy.Doyouplaythem?Andwhat'syouropinionaboutthem,helpfulorharmfulinyourlife?Opentodiscussion.Lead-in Thisexpositoryessay,developedmainlybycontrast,containsvividaccounts,andimpressivedescriptionsofbothtypicallyactiveandpassivegamesthatkidsoftenplay.Asissuggestedbythetitle,thisessaymainlyprovesorillustratesthedigitaldangertowhichsomanychildrenareexposed.Arecomputergamesfundamentallydifferentfromboardgames(棋類）?Doestalkingonthephonedevelopthesameskillsaschattingonline?What'sthedifferencebetweenpaintingwithwatercolorsand"coloring"withadesktoppaint-boxprogram?AlisonSperry,thewriterofthisessayexploredthesequestionsandcameupwithsomedisturbinganswers.Lead-in

Nintendobabies(Paragraph2) childrenwhogrewupduringaperiodwhenvideogamesdevelopedbyNintendoCo.,Ltd.(任天堂企業(yè)),aleadingmanufacturerofhomevideogamesandportablevideogames,wereverypopular.Relevantinformation

VirtualBoyandMortalKombat(Paragraph2) VirtualBoyisNintendo'sunique3-Dgamingsystemandwasreleasedinfall,1995;MortalKombatisaseriesofNintendo'sfightinggames.Relevantinformation

UncleWiggly(Paragraph2) aseriesofpopularchildren'sstoriesthemedaroundakindly,elderly,rabbitgentleman,UncleWigglyLongears,whichwerefirstwrittenin1910byHowardR.Garriswhowroteanewadventureeverydayfor50yearsRelevantinformation

Play-Doh(Paragraph3) atrademarkforasoftcoloredmodelingmaterialusedespeciallybychildrenRelevantinformation

Monopoly(Paragraph7) atrademarkforareal-estatetradingboardgameRelevantinformation AlisonSperrygraduatedwithabachelor‘sdegreeinhistoryandmuseumstudiesinfromtheStateUniversityofNewYork,CollegeatPotsdam.Upongraduation,heobtainedamanager’spositionattheBellagioGalleryofFineArtinLasVegas,NV.AfterrelocatingtoHawaiiheiscurrentlyenrolledintheLibraryandInformationScienceGraduateProgramattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Healsoworksasafreelancewriter(自由撰稿人）foronlinepublications.RelevantinformationKeywords:activeelectricgamespassiveelectricgamesimpactdangerTheStructurePart1Part2Part3Part1(Para.1-2)thebeginningpart,presentthefirstcontrast:thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesonkids,whilethesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofpassivegamesonchildren.

Thesetwoparagraphs,makingupthebeginningpartofthetext,introducethetopicoftheessay.Thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthestatementthatthroughplaychildrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Thesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofelectronicentertainmentonchildren. 1. There'safamiliarsaying,"Playischildren'swork."Throughplay,peoplewhostudychilddevelopmenttellus,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.

Playinghouseorschool,forexample,helpsthem"tryon"therolesofMomorDadorteacher.Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.

Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.Whatdochildrenlearnthroughplayinghouseorschool,athleticandsolitaryactivitiesaccordingtoexpertsinchilddevelopment?Theydeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?Thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthestatementthatthroughplaychildrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.outlook:1)yourgeneralattitudetolifeandtheworldHe'sgotagoodoutlookonlife.Shestillhasanoptimisticoutlookforthefuture.2)whatisexpectedtohappeninthefutureTheoutlookfortheweekendisunsettled,withperiodsofheavyrain.總說來，這個(gè)企業(yè)前景顯得相當(dāng)美好。Overalltheoutlook

forthecompanyseemsfairlyrosy.

determinevt. decide,fixsth.precisely;influencedecisivelye.g.Wehavenotdeterminedadateforthemeetingyet.Doheredityandenvironmentdetermineone'scharacter?Theexamresultscoulddetermineyourcareer.

“Throughplay,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.”ParaphraseByplayinggames...kidsacquiretheskillsandformtheviewsthatwilldecidewhatkindofgrown-upstheywillbe.

“Playinghouseorschool,”

PlayingoractingthepartofMomorDadorteacher?ParaphraseHerethetwowordshouseandschoolareusedascasesofmetonymy.Note

coordinationn. theskillfulandbalancedmovementsofdifferentparts,especiallypartsofthebody,atthesametimee.g.Gymisasportthatcallsforaconsiderablelevelofcoordinationonthepartofthegymnasts.Yourteamlostthematchforlackofcoordination.

gain/getsomeone'sconfidence tomakesomeonefeelthattheycantrustyoue.g. Youneedtogainthehorse'sconfidence.為了幫助他們孩子取得社會競爭信心，家長經(jīng)常在家庭游戲比賽中有意輸給孩子。Inordertohelptheirkidsgainconfidenceinsocialcompetition,parentsoftenpretendtoloseingamesathome.

fairplay:(c.f.foulplay) conductthatadherestorulesorisjustandequitable,esp.insportse.g.Asareferee,youmustensurethatthereisfairplayinthegamefrombeginningtoend.Bytheway,theoppositeoffairplayisfoulplay.Thefootballerwasgivenaredcardbecauseofseriousfoulplay. “Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.”ParaphraseCompetitivesportsactivitieshelpchildrendeveloptheirabilitytoworkincollaborationwithothers,builduptheirconfidenceanddevelopanawarenessofplayingthegameinafairandhonestway.

empathyn. theabilitytoidentifywithandunderstandanotherperson'sfeelingsordifficultiese.g.Ashegrewupinanorphanage,heseemstohavegreatempathywithhomelesscatsanddogs.

“Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.”

ParaphraseEvenactivitiesdonealonesuchasreadingenablechildrentohaveconnectionswiththeoutsideworld,inspiringthemtodeveloptheabilitytoidentifythemselvesmentallywithpeopleingeneral. 第1段漢字譯文 有一句眾人皆知俗語：“玩是孩子們工作。”研究兒童發(fā)展人告訴我們，孩子就是在玩過程中培養(yǎng)技能和世界觀，并由此決定他們長成怎樣成人。比如說，扮家家或假裝上學(xué)幫助他們“嘗試”媽媽、父親或老師角色。體育活動(dòng)幫助他們養(yǎng)成協(xié)作精神，學(xué)會作為團(tuán)體一員工作方法，以及培養(yǎng)自信心和光明磊落意識。甚至獨(dú)自一人開展活動(dòng)，像閱讀，讓孩子們接觸更為遼闊世界，勉勵(lì)他們養(yǎng)成對更多人富有同情心。 2. Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormousimpactongrowingchildren.

Formanykids,computeractivitiesandvideogamesnowtakeupmuch—evenmost—ofthetimeformerlydevotedtomoretraditionalformsofplay.EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.Howhavetheybeenaffectedbythischangeintheconceptof"play"?Socialscientists,parents,andtalkshowpunditswillbedebatingthequestionforyearstocome.Butwecanstartdrawingourownconclusions.

Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children—andsocietytheylivein—aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.

Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,"wired"entertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.Whatdoestheauthorconcludefromthechangeintheconceptofchildren’splay?Althoughelectronicentertainmentsmaybeamusingandingenious,childrenareactuallytheloserswhenbecomingdependentonthoseformsbecausetheyencouragechildrentobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelyindifferenttotheworldaroundthem.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?Thesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofelectronicentertainmentonchildren.Inotherwords,justasthewriterconcludes,"Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children--andsocietytheylivein--aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,"wired"entertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem."

impactn. astrongeffecte.g.Thenewmoviemadeagreatimpactontheviewers.Heneverdreamedofsuchanimpacthisexperimentproducedinthescientificworld. “Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormousimpactongrowingchildren.”ParaphraseRecently,however,otherformsofamusementhavehadatremendouseffectongrowingchildren.

videogames:

gamesplayedbymanipulatingimagesproducedbyacomputerprogramonascreene.g.Somechildrenplayvideogamesalmosteveryday,whichdoesmuchharmtotheirhealth.Forsomekids,videogamesoccupytoomuchoftheirfreetime.

VirtualBoyandMortalKombat:twovideogames VirtualBoy,Nintendo'sunique3-Dgamingsystem,wasreleasedinfall,1995;MortalKombatisaseriesofNintendo'sfightinggames.

UncleWiggly:

akindly,elderly,rabbitgentlemaninaseriesofpopularchildren'sstorieswhichwerefirstwrittenin1910byHowardR.Garris,whowroteanewadventureeverydayfor50years

“EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.”ParaphraseBecomingadultsnowarethefirstgroupofpeoplewhospenttheirchildhoodplayingNintendo,agenerationofkidswhohavedevotedmoretimetoplayingvideogamesthanplayingbaseballandreadingstoriesofUncleWiggly.

punditn. sb.whoisanauthorityonasubjecte.g.Theboyalwaysassumestheairofasportspundit.Thatfilmwasratedasthebestoneoftheyearbyapanelofwell-knowntelevisionpundits.

“Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children—andsocietytheylivein—aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.”ParaphraseThoughgames,shows,videdbyelectronicdevicessuchascomputersandvideomachinescanbeenjoyableandoriginal,children—andsocietytheylivein—arethevictimsiftheyindulgeintheseformsofamusementsolely. desensitizevt. reduceordestroythesensitivenessof;(fig.)makesb.unabletocareabouthowotherpeoplefeelThisareaofskinhasbeendesensitized.ChildrenbecomedesensitizedwhenexposedtoviolenceonTV.e.g. “Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,"wired"entertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.”ParaphraseDifferentfromtraditionalgamesandtoys,entertainmentprovidedbyelectronicdevices,whichispassivebynature,makeschildrenbecomedullandunoriginal.Asaresultofspendingtoomuchtimeonsuchentertainment,childrenlackemotionaldevelopmentinsocialcommunicationandmaybecomecrudelyinsensitivetothepeoplearoundthem. 第2段漢字譯文

然而，近幾年來，其它娛樂形式對孩子成長產(chǎn)生了巨大沖擊?，F(xiàn)在有許多孩子，電腦活動(dòng)和電子游戲占據(jù)了他們許多——甚至全部——時(shí)間，以前這些時(shí)間是花在比較傳統(tǒng)游戲上面?，F(xiàn)在長大成人是第一批玩“任天堂”孩子，是一代憑借玩“虛擬男孩”和“致命戰(zhàn)斗”養(yǎng)大，而并非靠打壘球或看連環(huán)畫《維格列大叔》帶大。這種“玩”理念上改變對孩子產(chǎn)生了什么影響？社會科學(xué)家、家長，還有脫口秀教授在未來歲月里將對這個(gè)問題爭論不休。不過，我們能夠開始得出我們自己結(jié)論。（續(xù)）

（接）即使電子娛樂可能是很有趣，也很富有創(chuàng)意，不過，一旦沉湎于這種形式娛樂，孩子以及他們生活社會必定是輸家。與傳統(tǒng)游戲和玩具不一樣，“聯(lián)網(wǎng)”娛樂形式會造成孩子缺乏想象力、社會生活不成熟，以及對身邊世界毫無掩飾地麻木不仁后果。Part2(Para.3-8)

concretelyillustratethepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesonkidsandthenegativeimpactofpassiveelectronicgamesoractivities.Theseparagraphs,thebodyofthispersuasiveessay,illustratethepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesandactivitiesonkids,andvividlyexemplifythenegativeimpactofpassiveelectronicgamesoractivitiesonchildren.Throughthethreecontrastspresentedinthispart,theauthor'sviewpointbecomesunequivocallyclear. 3. WatchachildtakeaballofPlay-Dohinherhandandbegintorollitexperimentally.Firstit'sasimpleball,thenasnake.Thesnakemightbecomeafigureeightorabracelet.Shecoilsthebraceletontopofitselftocreateapotthatsheusesforamake-believeteaparty.Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorse'shead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.Withnothingbutherhandsandaninexpensivechunkofflourandsalt,sheformsauniverseinwhichshemakestherulesandcreatestheinhabitants.Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoashapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse. TheactofplayingwiththePlay-Dohsparksotherinterests—maybeshe'llworkwithmodelingclaythatshecanbakeintoapermanentform,orpaints,orpapier-machéAlthoughshedoesn'tgivewhatshe'sdoingagreatdealofthought,she'slearningsomethingvaluable:Iamacreator.Icangivemyideastangibleform. coilvt. oacircularorspiralshapeThesnakecoileditselfaroundthebranch.Shecoiledherhairatthebackofherhead.e.g.

make-believeadj. theactivityofpretendingthatsomethingisrealorthatasituationisbetterthanitreallyise.g. Dissemblingenough,hewasnotsufficientlyoilyandmake-believe.我不贊同兒童玩電子游戲一個(gè)原因是其中有太多假想暴力場面。OneofreasonswhyIdisapproveofkidsplayingvideogamesisthattheretendtobetoomanymake-believescenesofviolence.

morphv. totransformfromonegraphicimageonscreenintoanotherorothers,throughtheuseofsophisticatedcomputersoftwaree.g.Withaclickofthemouse,theboymorphedMickeyMouseintoWinniethePooh.

“Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorse'shead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.”ParaphraseNextshehitsthepotveryhardandchangesitbackintoaball,whichmaynextbetransformedintoasnowman,ahorse'shead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.

tireofsomeone/something tobecomeboredwithsomeoneorsomething e.g. You'llsoontireoftheirmusic. Shequicklytiredofhiscompany.

一天又一天做一樣形式練習(xí)會讓學(xué)生厭倦這些練習(xí)。Doingthesametypeofexercisesdayafterdaywouldeasilygetstudentstiredofthem.

wadvt. oasmallmasse.g.Thepassengerwaddedupthepunchedticketandthrewitaway.

“Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoashapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse.”ParaphraseWhenshelosesinterestinit,shecanturnitbackintoaformlessmass,whichwillbechangedintosomethingelsewhenhernextwhimtoplaywithitoccurs.

sparkv. togiveoutorproducesparks;stimulateorincitesth.e.g.Firefliesweresparkinginthegatheringdarkness.Hiscommentsparkedoffaquarrelbetweenthem.Fearofnuclearwarsparkedangrydemonstrations.

modelingclay: clayusedformakingmodels

bakev. tocookfoodbydryheatinanovenoronahotsurface,withoutdirectexposuretoaflame;undergotheprocessofbeingbaked;hardenclay,etc.byheate.g.ShebakessomeapplepiesinthegenuineAmericanstyleforherChinesefriends.Cookiesbakequickly.

papier-machén. paperpulpusedformoldingintoboxes,trays,etc.用來制作模型紙漿或紙板；混凝紙漿e.g.Thewordpapier-machéisawordofFrenchorigin.Shecreatedabeautifulpapier-machémask.

tangibleadj. abletobetouched;abletoberealizede.g.Thebeautyinthemirrorisnottangible.Apartfromfreeaccommodation,othertangiblebenefitsincludearaiseinsalaryandshorterworkinghours.

“Icangivemyideastangibleform.”ParaphraseIcangivemyideasadefiniteform.//Icanturnmyideasintodefinitethings. 第3段漢字譯文

看著一個(gè)孩子抓起一團(tuán)橡皮泥，開始試著讓它滾動(dòng)起來。開始是一個(gè)普通球，接著變成了一條蛇。這條蛇或許會變成8字形或一個(gè)手鐲。孩子把手鐲上端卷起來，做出一把茶壺，她用這把茶壺舉行一場假裝茶話會。接下來，她把茶壺又捏成一團(tuán)，或許再做成雪人、馬頭、小兔子、海蛇，或者摩天大樓。除了用自己雙手、一團(tuán)用面粉和鹽混成不值錢一團(tuán)東西，她不需要其它東西，就能夠做出一個(gè)世界，為之制訂規(guī)則和創(chuàng)造居民。等她玩膩了，能夠把它再次捏成沒有形狀一團(tuán)，等候下一次創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。（續(xù)）

（接）玩耍橡皮泥還會激發(fā)其它興趣——她可能會用建模黏土做一樣?xùn)|西，烤制成一個(gè)永久形狀，或者圖畫，再或者紙漿制品。即使她對自己做事情沒花太多心思，不過她學(xué)會了有價(jià)值東西：我是個(gè)創(chuàng)造者，我能給自己想法賦予詳細(xì)形狀。 4. Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.Theplayerisgivenvariouschoicesateveryturn—WhichdoorwillIgothrough?WhichweaponwillIuse?WhatclueshallIread?—Buttheyarechoicesinthesamesensethatapigeon'speckingatalevertogetagrainofcornisachoice.Theplayerisasmuchatoolofthegameasthejoystick.Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelse'screationunfold.

HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyou'reapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,"WhatdoIdowithit?"

Thevideogameplayerlearnsherownlesson:Idon'tcreate.Iletsomeoneelse'screativityhappeninfrontofme. 1.Pleaseexplainthefirstcontrastpresentedinthispartindetail.Thefirstcontrastispresentedinparagraphsthreeandfour.First,thewriterdescribeshowachildplayswithaballofPlay-Dohandhowshechangesitfromoneshapeintoanother;next,thewriterconcludesthatalthoughsheisnotgivingmuchthoughttowhatsheisdoing,sheislearningsomethingvaluable:sherealizesthatsheisacreatorandthatshecangiveherideasatangibleform.Then,thewriterrecountshowachildplaysavideogame,pointingoutthattheplayerisasmuchatoolofthegameasthejoystick. Finally,thewritertellsushowachildrearedonthesteriledietofvideogamesreactswhenheisgivenaballofPlay-Doh,anddrawstheconclusionthatthevideogameplayerlearnshisownlesson:hedoesn'tcreate;hejustletssomeoneelse'screativityhappeninfrontofhim.Thus,thewritercreatesasharpcontrastthroughboththevividlyrecountedexamplesandhisowncommentsandconclusionsaboutthedifferenteffectsoftheactivegameandthepassivegameupontheplayers.

programvt. toprovide(acomputer,etc.)withcodedinstructionsfortheautomaticperformanceofaparticulartask;traintobehaveinapredeterminedwaye.g.Thisradioisprogrammedtoswitchitselfonat6p.m.Theirearlytrainingprogrammedthemtobeobedientandsubmissive.

“Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.”ParaphraseAvideogame,ontheotherhand,isdesignedsarcasticallytogiveitsplayersthefalseimpressionthattheyarebeingcreativebecausetheyatleastcanmakechoicesoftheirown.

ateveryturn: everywhereorallthetimeoreverytimee.g.Shefoundherplanfrustratedateveryturn.Thegirlkeepsmeetingtheboyateveryturn.

peckv. (tryto)strikesth.withthebeak;getormakesth.bystrikingwiththebeake.g.Hensfeedbypecking.Thebirdispeckingatthewindow.Thesparrowsarepeckinggrains.Heissaidtobeahenpeckedhusband.

joystickn. control-leveronanaircraft,computer,etc.

hypnoticadj. oforproducinghypnosisorasimilarcondition;(ofadrug)producingsleepe.g.Thepatientisinahypnotictrance.Hecannotsleepwell,buthenevertakesanyhypnoticdrug.

unfoldv. (causesth.to)openorspreadoutfromafoldedstate;(fig)(causesth.to)berevealedormadeknowne.g.Thegardenchaircanunfoldtomakeacampbed.Theeagleunfoldeditswings.Thelandscapeunfoldedbeforeus.Sheunfoldedherplanstome.我已安排好周四同他共進(jìn)午餐，到時(shí)我將向他透露我計(jì)劃。I'vearrangedalunchwithhimnextThursdayatwhichI'mgoingtounfoldmyproposal.

“Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelse'screationunfold.”ParaphraseHerfunthatlastsonlyforabriefmomentisnotsatisfyingatallbecauseitdoesnotsparkanyrealawarenessofachievementbutmerelythetasteofmindlesslywatchingsomeoneelse'screatedworkorgamespreadoutinfrontofher.

sterileadj. unproductive,producingnousefulresults;freefromgerms,bacteria,etc.e.g.Theyhadasterilediscussion.Anoperatingtheatreshouldbecompletelysterile.

“HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyou'reapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,"WhatdoIdowithit?“”

ParaphraseIfyouhandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildwhospendstoomuchtimeonexcitingbutunproductivevideogames,youarelikelytoseeanexpressionlesslookonhisfaceandtobeasked,inanuncertainmanner,"WhatdoIdowithit?"第4段漢字譯文

然而，電子游戲很可笑，是人為編程，給人創(chuàng)新性假想。玩游戲人每一步有各種選擇：要進(jìn)那扇門？要用哪種武器？要閱讀哪條線索？不過，這種選擇，與鴿子口啄杠桿得到一粒玉米選擇是一樣道理。玩游戲人與游戲操縱桿一樣，都是游戲工具。她那短暫高興是無法讓她滿足，因?yàn)橛螒驇聿⒎钦嬲饬x上成就感，只不過是迷迷糊糊地看著他人創(chuàng)作東西展現(xiàn)眼前一個(gè)體驗(yàn)。（續(xù)）

（接）那一團(tuán)橡皮泥要是交給在電子游戲貧乏冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷中長大孩子，很可能看到一臉茫然，還有猶豫不定問題：“我用它干什么啊？”玩電子游戲人吸收她自己經(jīng)驗(yàn)：我不創(chuàng)造。我讓他人創(chuàng)造發(fā)生在我眼前。 5. It'sabeautifulSaturdayinautumn,andagroupofkidsareplayingapickupgameofsoccer.Adisputearisesaboutwhetherakickwentoverthefoulline.Someofthekidsaresureitdid;othersinsistthatitdidnot.Voicesareraised;tempersflare.Maybeahotheadortwowillstalkoffthefield.Buttheskyiscrystalblue,andtherearechoreswaitingathome.Makingaquickcalculationabouttherelativebenefitsofcontinuingthegame,theplayersworkoutasolution.Maybetheyreplaythekick.Maybetheyflipacoin. Maybetheyagreetosaythattheballwasfair,orfoul.Theirwillingnesstocompromise,toaccepttheideathatsuchgive-and-takeispartoflife,allowsthegametoproceed.Theplayersmoveon,havinglearnedasmalllessonaboutgettingalongwithothers.Whatisthepointtheauthortriestomakewiththesoccergamedispute?Thepointtheauthorwantstomakeisthatchildrencanlearnthroughthegametomakecompromises,toaccepttheideaofgive-and-takeinlife,andtogetalongwithothers.

apickupgameofsoccer:

rmallyorganizedonthespotandmadeupoforinvolvingpeopleavailableatthetimee.g.Attheget-together,weputupapickupchorustoextendourcongratulationstothenewly-weds.

thefoulline:

thelinethatshowsuswhetheranactionisagainsttherulesornot;thelinethatindicateswhetherastroke,kick,etc.isvalidornote.g.Wethoughtthatwemadeatouchdown,buttherefereesaidthattheballwentoverthefoulline.

flarev. tobecomesuddenlyangry

Atthemeeting,tempersflaredandharshwordswereexchanged.e.g.

“Voicesareraised;tempersflare.”Voicesgrowlouderandlouderandthekidsflyintoafitofanger.Paraphrase hotheadn. animpetuousperson,apersonwhooftenactshastilyorrashlye.g.Heissuchahotheadthatnobodywantstocooperatewithhim.

stalkvi. walkwithslowstiffstrides,esp.inaproud,self-importantorthreateningwaye.g.Hestalkedangrilyoutoftheroom.Theyoungmanisstalkingalongtheroad.

flipacoin: tossitwithasharpmovementofthethumbandtheforefingersothatitturnsoverrepeatedlyintheair;flickitwithaquickmovementsothatitspinsintheaire.g.Heflippedacoinandthengraspeditinhishand,askingtheboywhichsidewasup,theheadorthetail.

give-and-taken. willingnesstobemutuallytolerant,cooperative,andforgivingwithinarelationshipe.g.Ifthedisputeistoberesolved,theremustbesomegive-and-take.Husbandandwifemustknowthatgive-and-takeispartoflife. 第5段漢字譯文

那是一個(gè)秋天漂亮周六，有一群孩子暫時(shí)組織了一場足球賽。突然他們?yōu)樽闱蚴遣皇翘叱隽诉吘€爭論了起來。有幾個(gè)說必定踢出界了；其余幾個(gè)堅(jiān)持說沒有。嗓門提升了，火氣也大了。可能一兩個(gè)暴脾氣家伙會大步走出場地。不過，天空一片湛藍(lán)，而且家里還有些雜活要干。很快地盤算一下繼續(xù)踢球有什么好處，于是球員們做出決定?？赡芩麄冎匦绿咭荒_?？赡芩麄償S硬幣。（續(xù)）

（接）可能他們一致同意，說那球沒出線，或出線了。他們愿意妥協(xié)，接收在生活中就得互諒互讓理念，使得這場游戲繼續(xù)下去。踢足球孩子繼續(xù)踢球，稍稍學(xué)會了與人相處道理。 6. ContrastthatscenewiththeworldoftheInternetchatrooms,wheremanyadolescentsspenduncountablehours.OnthatsamelovelySaturday,ayoungInternetqueenhunchesoverherkeyboard,aloneinherroom.Herbuddylistincludesdozens,evenscores,of"friends"she'snevermet.Herfingersflyacrossthekeyboardassheracesfromonedialogueboxtoanother,keepingupmultipleconversations.

Thesearepeculiarconversations,however,includingnoneofthevulnerabilitythatispartofreal-worldfriendship.Inthebuddy-chatworld,statusisbasedontheabilitytokeepuparapidpaceofone-liners,insultingzingers,causticput-downs.

Thechatqueen'smostintimatefriendshipstaketheformofbriefallianceswithbuddieswhojoinwithherto"flame"anotherchatterwhohasdispleasedthem.

Ifthatallyeventuallybecomesannoying,too,zap!Shecaninstantaneouslyerasehimfromherbuddylist,orevenblockhimsoheisunabletocontactheragain.It'snogreatloss.Thereareliterallymillionsofnewacquaintanceswaitingtobepickedupinachatroomtofillthatvoid.Thelesson:Ishouldn'thavetoworkatrelationships.Theycomeandgoinstantlyandatmyconvenience.Ifsomeonedispleasesme,Icanmakethatpersondisappear.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorciteinternetchatroomasanegativeexample?Childrengetnosenseofhowtosustainrelationship.

hunchv. bendforward(partofthebody,esp.thebackandshoulders)intoaroundedshape;bendorarchintoahump;thrustoutoruptoformahumpe.g.Standupstraight;don'thunchyourshoulders!Shesatall