英語國家社會與文化入門下冊教學(xué)課件 U1

《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAnIntroduction(BookTwo)《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietya1NewZealand

Unit1Land,PeopleandHistoryNewZealand

Unit1Land,Peopl2QuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:1奧克蘭市2幾維鳥3毛利人4太平洋島人5懷唐伊條約QuizGivetheEnglishanda3FocalPointsoftheUnitLandandEnvironmentGeographyWildlife--uniquefloraandfaunaEnvironmentandenvironmentalresponsibilitiesNewZealandersPopulationofEuropeanancestryMāoriandMāoritangaPacificIslandersHistoryEarlysettlersfromEastPolynesiaFirstEuropeannavigatorsarrivingin1642TheTreatyofWaitangiNewZealandtodayFocalPointsoftheUnitLanda4ThisUnitIsDividedintoThreeSections:I.LandandEnvironmentII.NewZealandersIII.HistoryThisUnitIsDividedintoThre5英語國家社會與文化入門下冊教學(xué)課件U16I.LandandEnvironmentGeographyWildlife--uniquefloraandfaunaEnvironmentandenvironmentalresponsibilitiesI.LandandEnvironmentGeograp7I.LandandEnvironmentGeorgraphy:“Aotearoa”--“Landofthelongwhitecloud”-alarge,longgroupofislands,about2000kilometresfromnorthtosouth;-alandareaof270500squarekilometers;-theNorthIsland,theSouthIsland,theStewartIsland-theSouthernAlpsandvolcanoes-twomajorcities--Auckland:NewZealand’scenterforbusiness,educationandindustry;Wellington:capitalofthecountryI.LandandEnvironmentGeorgra8Left:Auckland,thelargestcityofNewZealand;

Right:Wellington’sBeehive,thenationalsymbolofexecutivepowerLeft:Auckland,thelargestci9ClimateandWildlife

-thesoutherntemperatelatitudesmidwaybetweentheEquatorandtheSouthPole;-maritimeclimate;-seasonsoppositetotheNorthernHemisphere;-isolatedfromtherestoftheworldfor80millionyears,NewZealanddevelopeduniquefloraandfauna.-80%ofthetrees,fernsandfloweringplantsareendemic(foundonlyinNewZealand);

-6.2millionhectaresofnativeforestClimateandWildlife-the10Fauna-25%ofNewZealand’sbirdsarefoundnowhereelseonearth;-theflightlessbirds-thekiwiasanationaliconofNewZealandandNewZealanders;-otheruniquefaunaincludingtheMoa(agiantflightlessbird),Tautara(nativereptiles),bats(NewZealand’sonlynativelandmammals),yellow-eyedpenguin,Kakapo(theworld’sonlyflightlessparrot);-diversemarinefaunainNewZealand:whales,seals,dolphinsandmarinebirdsFauna-25%ofNewZealand’11TautaraYellow-eyedKiwipenguinKakapoTautara12Environment-NewZealandhasauniquenaturalenvironment;-NatureisworshipedinNewZealand;-NewZealandhasenlightenedenvironmentalpolicies.Environment-NewZealandh13Environmentalresponsibilities-enlightenedenvironmentalpolicies;-theResourceManagementActin1991topromotethesustainablemanagementofnaturalandphysicalresources,bringingtogetherlawsgoverningland,airandwaterresources;-theDepartmentofConversationadministratingasuperbsystemofnationalparks;-reducingandrecyclingwaste;-influencinginternationalattitudesonozonedepletion,whaling,sustainableforestry,climatechange,biodiversity,etc.Environmentalresponsibilitie14NoNukes

-In1987LabourpassedtheNuclearFreeZone,Disarmament,andArmsControlAct.-TheUSCongressdowngradedNewZealand’sdefensestatusfromallyto“friend.”-NewZealandremainsanuclear-freezone.NoNukes15II.NewZealandersPopulationofEuropeanancestryMāoriandMāoritangaPacificIslandersII.NewZealandersPopulationo16II.NewZealandersGeneralinformation-ThepopulationofNewZealandreached4.351millioninJanuary2010;-86%liveincitiesandtowns,andabout75%liveintheNorthIsland;-TheNewZealandpopulationismadeupofpeopleofdifferentethnicitiesandcolours.II.NewZealandersGeneralinfo17PeopleofEuropeanancestry-Around80%ofNewZealandersidentifythemselvesashavingsomeEuropeanancestry;-TheirforebearsmainlycamefromEngland,Scotland,Ireland,butalsofromGermany,Italy,theNetherlands,andothernations;-ThearrivalofEuropeansettlersstartedfromthe17thcentury.PeopleofEuropeanancestry-A18Māori-MāoriaretheindigenousPolynesianpeopleofNewZealand;-Theymakeup14.5%ofthetotalpopulation;-TheMāorioriginatedwithsettlersfromeasternPolynesia,whofirstarrivedinNewZealandincanoevoyagesatsomepointbetweenthe9thand13thcenturiesAD.Māori-Māoriaretheindigenou19Māoritanga-MāoricultureplayssuchanimportantpartthatNewZealand’ssocietyisbicultural-Māorilanguage--TeReo--isthesecondofficiallanguage,anditisrecognizedinParliamentandincourtsoflaw.a.Therearethekohangareo(Maori“l(fā)anguagenests”)alloverNewZealand;b.About24percentofthepopulationspeakssomeMāori,andthatfigureisontherise;c.Manynamesofplaces,plantsandbirdsareMāori,andmanyotherMāoriwordshaveenrichedNewZealandEnglish.Māoritanga-Māoriculture20Māoritanga-theiwi:aMāoritribe,themainsocialorganizationinMāorisociety;-Māoricreationmyth;-legendsaboutMaui;-thehaka:theMāoriwardance-thehongi:theMaorisharinginthesacredactofhongi,exchangingthehaorbreathoflife;themarae:asacredmeetingplacewhereMāoricultureandlanguagearepromoted,tribalmattersdiscussed,andceremoniesheld(right:marae)Māoritanga-theiwi:aMāoritr21Left:theoriginalMaorihakawardance

Right:NewZealandAllBlackspre-matchhakawardance

(AllBlacks:thenicknameofNewZealandnationalrugbyteam,regardedasthecountry’snationalsport.)Left:theoriginalMaorihaka22PeopleofthePacificIslandsorigin-mainlyfromWesternSamoa,CookIslands,Niue,Tokelau,TongaandFiji-makingupabout7%ofthepopulationofNewZealand-today,morethan60%ofPacificIslandersbornandgrownupinNewZealandPeopleofthePacificIslands23III.HistoryEarlysettlersfromEastPolynesiaFirstEuropeannavigatorsarrivingin1642TheTreatyofWaitangiModernNewZealandsocietyIII.HistoryEarlysettlersfro24III.HistoryFirstsettlersfromEastPolynesia-TheyvoyagedfromEastPolynesiaover1000yearsago;-Theywereforbearersoftoday’sMaori;-Theylivedintribesbasedonfamilynetworks;-By1200,theyhadsettledtheNorthandSouthIslands.III.HistoryFirstsettlersfro25Europeansettlers—thePakeha-DutchmanAbelTasmanwasthefirstEuropeantosightNewZealand,namingthecountryStatenLand,laterNieuwZeeland;-EnglishmanJamesCookreachedherein1769;hetradedwithMaoriandclaimedthelandfortheBritish(right:JamesCook)Europeansettlers—thePakeha-26Europeansettlers—thePakeha

-Sealersandwhalersfollowed;-Christianmissionariesarrivedin1814;-By1840,2000EuropeanslivedamongaMaoripopulationof115000;-Britishsettlersarrivedinthe1840sand1850s,establishingtownsandclearinglandforfarms;Europeansettlers—thePakeha27Europeansettlers—thePakeha-WarsresultedbetweenMāoriandEuropeansettlersinthe1860s;decreasingtheMaoripopulation;-Settlersocietyboomedafterthegoldrushesfromthe1860s;-Roads,railwaysandpublicbuildingswereconstructed,andnationaleducationintroduced;-AnewwaveofBritish,EuropeanandAustralianmigrantsarrivedinthe1880s.Europeansettlers—thePakeha-28

TheTreatyofWaitangiTheTreatywasfirstsignedon6February1840byrepresentativesoftheBritishCrownandvariousMāorichiefsfromtheNorthIslandofNewZealand.TheTreatyofWaitangi29TheTreatyofWaitangi-TheTreatyestablishedaBritishGovernorofNewZealand,recognizedMāoriownershipoftheirlandsandotherproperties,andgavetheMāoritherightsofBritishsubjects;

-Māoriandnon-MāoriNewZealandershaddifferentinterpretationsoftheTreaty,resultinginwarsbetweenthemintheearly1860s;-Bythe1890slessthanone-sixthofNewZealandwasownedbyMāori;-Fromthelate1960sMāoribegandrawingattentiontobreachesoftheTreaty;-TheWaitangiTribunalwasestablishedin1975inanefforttoaddresspastwrongsandMāorigrievances;-TheGovernmentaimstohaveallclaimsundertheWaitangiTribunalsettledby2014witharound$55millionayearpaidinTreatysettlement.TheTreatyofWaitangi-Th30ModernNewZealandSociety

-WorldwideeconomicdepressionhitNewZealandinthelate1920s;-Statewelfarewasexpandedfromthe1930s--higherpensions,unemploymentandsicknessbenefits,andmedicalcarewassubsidized;-In1947,NewZealandratifiedtheStatuteofWestminster,whichgaveitcompleteautonomyfromBritaininforeignaswellasdomesticaffairs;-Urbanization,especiallyofMaori,andeconomicprosperitymarkedpost-warNewZealand;ModernNewZealandSociety31ModernNewZealandsocietyIn1893NewZealandbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtogivewomenthenationalvote.Morewomenworkedoutsidethehome,andequalpaywasintroducedin1972.(right:womenwaitingtovote)ModernNewZealandsociety32NewZealandToday-Themid-1980sbroughtprofoundchangesinforeignaffairsandtheeconomy:NewZealandwasdeclarednuclear-free.Free-marketpoliciesopeneduptheeconomy,andtheroleofgovernmentwasreformed;-NewZealandhasgonethroughmanyreformsandchangesinthepastdecades,economicallyandsocially,thebiggestchangebeinggrowingbiculturalismwithMāoriculturepenetratingNewZealand’ssociety;

-NewZealandofthe21stcenturyfacestheworldwithaconfidentandindependentnationalidentity.NewZealandToday-Themid-33QuestionsforDiscussionA.WhataresomeofthedistinctfeaturesofNewZealand’sgeographyandnaturalenvironment?B.WhatarethestructuralcomponentsofNewZealand’spopulation?InwhatwayaretheyrelatedtoNewZealand’shistory?C.WhendidthefirstEuropeannavigatorsarriveinNewZealand?HowdidNewZealandevolvetowhatitistoday?D.WhatroledoestheMaoricultureplayinNewZealandsociety?QuestionsforDiscussionA.Wha34TheMaorihongi--sharinginthesacredactofhongi,exchangingthehaorbreathoflife

TheMaorihongi--sharinginth35TheEnd高等教育出版社2015TheEnd36《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAnIntroduction(BookTwo)《英語國家社會與文化入門》(下冊）TheSocietya37NewZealand

Unit1Land,PeopleandHistoryNewZealand

Unit1Land,Peopl38QuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:1奧克蘭市2幾維鳥3毛利人4太平洋島人5懷唐伊條約QuizGivetheEnglishanda39FocalPointsoftheUnitLandandEnvironmentGeographyWildlife--uniquefloraandfaunaEnvironmentandenvironmentalresponsibilitiesNewZealandersPopulationofEuropeanancestryMāoriandMāoritangaPacificIslandersHistoryEarlysettlersfromEastPolynesiaFirstEuropeannavigatorsarrivingin1642TheTreatyofWaitangiNewZealandtodayFocalPointsoftheUnitLanda40ThisUnitIsDividedintoThreeSections:I.LandandEnvironmentII.NewZealandersIII.HistoryThisUnitIsDividedintoThre41英語國家社會與文化入門下冊教學(xué)課件U142I.LandandEnvironmentGeographyWildlife--uniquefloraandfaunaEnvironmentandenvironmentalresponsibilitiesI.LandandEnvironmentGeograp43I.LandandEnvironmentGeorgraphy:“Aotearoa”--“Landofthelongwhitecloud”-alarge,longgroupofislands,about2000kilometresfromnorthtosouth;-alandareaof270500squarekilometers;-theNorthIsland,theSouthIsland,theStewartIsland-theSouthernAlpsandvolcanoes-twomajorcities--Auckland:NewZealand’scenterforbusiness,educationandindustry;Wellington:capitalofthecountryI.LandandEnvironmentGeorgra44Left:Auckland,thelargestcityofNewZealand;

Right:Wellington’sBeehive,thenationalsymbolofexecutivepowerLeft:Auckland,thelargestci45ClimateandWildlife

-thesoutherntemperatelatitudesmidwaybetweentheEquatorandtheSouthPole;-maritimeclimate;-seasonsoppositetotheNorthernHemisphere;-isolatedfromtherestoftheworldfor80millionyears,NewZealanddevelopeduniquefloraandfauna.-80%ofthetrees,fernsandfloweringplantsareendemic(foundonlyinNewZealand);

-6.2millionhectaresofnativeforestClimateandWildlife-the46Fauna-25%ofNewZealand’sbirdsarefoundnowhereelseonearth;-theflightlessbirds-thekiwiasanationaliconofNewZealandandNewZealanders;-otheruniquefaunaincludingtheMoa(agiantflightlessbird),Tautara(nativereptiles),bats(NewZealand’sonlynativelandmammals),yellow-eyedpenguin,Kakapo(theworld’sonlyflightlessparrot);-diversemarinefaunainNewZealand:whales,seals,dolphinsandmarinebirdsFauna-25%ofNewZealand’47TautaraYellow-eyedKiwipenguinKakapoTautara48Environment-NewZealandhasauniquenaturalenvironment;-NatureisworshipedinNewZealand;-NewZealandhasenlightenedenvironmentalpolicies.Environment-NewZealandh49Environmentalresponsibilities-enlightenedenvironmentalpolicies;-theResourceManagementActin1991topromotethesustainablemanagementofnaturalandphysicalresources,bringingtogetherlawsgoverningland,airandwaterresources;-theDepartmentofConversationadministratingasuperbsystemofnationalparks;-reducingandrecyclingwaste;-influencinginternationalattitudesonozonedepletion,whaling,sustainableforestry,climatechange,biodiversity,etc.Environmentalresponsibilitie50NoNukes

-In1987LabourpassedtheNuclearFreeZone,Disarmament,andArmsControlAct.-TheUSCongressdowngradedNewZealand’sdefensestatusfromallyto“friend.”-NewZealandremainsanuclear-freezone.NoNukes51II.NewZealandersPopulationofEuropeanancestryMāoriandMāoritangaPacificIslandersII.NewZealandersPopulationo52II.NewZealandersGeneralinformation-ThepopulationofNewZealandreached4.351millioninJanuary2010;-86%liveincitiesandtowns,andabout75%liveintheNorthIsland;-TheNewZealandpopulationismadeupofpeopleofdifferentethnicitiesandcolours.II.NewZealandersGeneralinfo53PeopleofEuropeanancestry-Around80%ofNewZealandersidentifythemselvesashavingsomeEuropeanancestry;-TheirforebearsmainlycamefromEngland,Scotland,Ireland,butalsofromGermany,Italy,theNetherlands,andothernations;-ThearrivalofEuropeansettlersstartedfromthe17thcentury.PeopleofEuropeanancestry-A54Māori-MāoriaretheindigenousPolynesianpeopleofNewZealand;-Theymakeup14.5%ofthetotalpopulation;-TheMāorioriginatedwithsettlersfromeasternPolynesia,whofirstarrivedinNewZealandincanoevoyagesatsomepointbetweenthe9thand13thcenturiesAD.Māori-Māoriaretheindigenou55Māoritanga-MāoricultureplayssuchanimportantpartthatNewZealand’ssocietyisbicultural-Māorilanguage--TeReo--isthesecondofficiallanguage,anditisrecognizedinParliamentandincourtsoflaw.a.Therearethekohangareo(Maori“l(fā)anguagenests”)alloverNewZealand;b.About24percentofthepopulationspeakssomeMāori,andthatfigureisontherise;c.Manynamesofplaces,plantsandbirdsareMāori,andmanyotherMāoriwordshaveenrichedNewZealandEnglish.Māoritanga-Māoriculture56Māoritanga-theiwi:aMāoritribe,themainsocialorganizationinMāorisociety;-Māoricreationmyth;-legendsaboutMaui;-thehaka:theMāoriwardance-thehongi:theMaorisharinginthesacredactofhongi,exchangingthehaorbreathoflife;themarae:asacredmeetingplacewhereMāoricultureandlanguagearepromoted,tribalmattersdiscussed,andceremoniesheld(right:marae)Māoritanga-theiwi:aMāoritr57Left:theoriginalMaorihakawardance

Right:NewZealandAllBlackspre-matchhakawardance

(AllBlacks:thenicknameofNewZealandnationalrugbyteam,regardedasthecountry’snationalsport.)Left:theoriginalMaorihaka58PeopleofthePacificIslandsorigin-mainlyfromWesternSamoa,CookIslands,Niue,Tokelau,TongaandFiji-makingupabout7%ofthepopulationofNewZealand-today,morethan60%ofPacificIslandersbornandgrownupinNewZealandPeopleofthePacificIslands59III.HistoryEarlysettlersfromEastPolynesiaFirstEuropeannavigatorsarrivingin1642TheTreatyofWaitangiModernNewZealandsocietyIII.HistoryEarlysettlersfro60III.HistoryFirstsettlersfromEastPolynesia-TheyvoyagedfromEastPolynesiaover1000yearsago;-Theywereforbearersoftoday’sMaori;-Theylivedintribesbasedonfamilynetworks;-By1200,theyhadsettledtheNorthandSouthIslands.III.HistoryFirstsettlersfro61Europeansettlers—thePakeha-DutchmanAbelTasmanwasthefirstEuropeantosightNewZealand,namingthecountryStatenLand,laterNieuwZeeland;-EnglishmanJamesCookreachedherein1769;hetradedwithMaoriandclaimedthelandfortheBritish(right:JamesCook)Europeansettlers—thePakeha-62Europeansettlers—thePakeha

-Sealersandwhalersfollowed;-Christianmissionariesarrivedin1814;-By1840,2000EuropeanslivedamongaMaoripopulationof115000;-Britishsettlersarrivedinthe1840sand1850s,establishingtownsandclearinglandforfarms;Europeansettlers—thePakeha63Europeansettlers—thePakeha-WarsresultedbetweenMāoriandEuropeansettlersinthe1860s;decreasingtheMaoripopulation;-Settlersocietyboomedafterthegoldrushesfromthe1860s;-Roads,railwaysandpublicbuildingswereconstructed,andnationaleducationintroduced;-AnewwaveofBritish,EuropeanandAustralianmigrantsarrivedinthe1880s.Europeansettlers—thePakeha-64

TheTreatyofWaitangiTheTreatywasfirstsignedon6February1840byrepresentativesoftheBritishCrownandvariousMāorichiefsfromtheNorthIslandofNewZealand.TheTreatyofWaitangi65TheTreatyofWaitangi-TheTreatyestablishedaBritishGovernorofNewZealand,recognizedMāoriownershipoftheirlandsandotherproperties,andgavetheMāoritherightsofBritishsubjects;

-Māoriandnon-MāoriNewZealandershaddifferentinterpretationsoftheTreaty,resultinginwarsbetweenthemintheearly1860s;-Bythe1890slessthanone-sixthofNewZealandwasownedbyMāori;-Fromthelate1960sMāoribegandrawingattentiontobreachesoftheTreaty;-TheWaitangiTribunalwasestablishedin1975inanefforttoaddresspastwrong