虛擬語氣用法課件

虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)歸納類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語動(dòng)詞:一般過去時(shí)(be用were)主句謂語動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywereattacked,thesecarswouldbestrongenoughtoprotectthem.1.虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句的倒裝如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件句中含有were,had或should,可將if省略,然后將were,had或should移至主語之前Hadwemadeagreateffort,wemighthavesucceeded.(=Ifwehadmadeagreateffort...)注意:在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，had為助動(dòng)詞。若為謂語動(dòng)詞，則不能省略、倒裝。試比較：Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldcatchthebus.Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldcatchthebus.(正)如果你能來得早一點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。IfIhadtime，Iwouldgowithyou.HadItime，Iwouldgowithyou.(誤)如果我有時(shí)間，我就跟你一起去。補(bǔ)充：1.在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的運(yùn)用當(dāng)if虛擬條件句中表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整(從句表示過去時(shí)間用haddone，主句謂語用woulddo；從句表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間用were，主句謂語用wouldhavedone)。e.g.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.如果你聽從了醫(yī)生的建議，你現(xiàn)在早就好了。(從句敘述與過去事實(shí)相反，主句敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在就會(huì)通過考試了。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.如果我是你的話,我早接納他的建議了。(從句敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句敘述與過去事實(shí)相反)2.在含蓄虛擬條件句中的運(yùn)用有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句，其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式如下：(1)將條件隱含在分詞短語中Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.(＝Ifhehadbeenborninbettertimes,hewould...)如果出生在好時(shí)代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。Failingthistime,whatwouldyoudo?(＝Ifyoufailedthistime,whatwould...)假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(4)將條件隱含在形容詞及其比較級(jí)中Amorecarefulpersonwouldnothavemadesomanymistakes.(＝Ifapersonhadbeenmorecareful,he...)一個(gè)仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)的人不會(huì)犯這么多的錯(cuò)誤。2.虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用在asif，asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句中用虛擬語氣，形式為：(1)動(dòng)詞過去式（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行時(shí)相反）(3)had+done

（與過去事實(shí)相反）(4)could/might/would+動(dòng)詞原形（與將來事實(shí)相反）在表示建議、要求、命令、意志等的動(dòng)詞后，可用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。這類動(dòng)詞有

suggest,request,demand,order,propose,advise,insist,require等。其中should常常省略。e.g.Theydemandedthattheblackpeople(should)betreatedaswellaswhitepeople.

他們要求黑人應(yīng)該受到和白人一樣的對(duì)待。

Thedoctororderedthatthepatient(should)besenttohospitalwithoutdelay.

醫(yī)生命令病人應(yīng)一刻也不能耽誤地送往醫(yī)院。注意①suggest作“暗示，表明”講時(shí)，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。只有當(dāng)suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，賓語從句才用虛擬語氣。e.g.Hissmilesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作滿意。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffatonce.他建議我們馬上出發(fā)。②insist作“堅(jiān)持(說)，強(qiáng)調(diào)”講時(shí)，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。只有當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持要求”講時(shí)，賓語從句才用虛擬語氣。e.g.Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.邁克強(qiáng)調(diào)他從來沒有偷過任何東西。Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.我堅(jiān)持要求你把錢還給我。③對(duì)于此類動(dòng)詞可以這樣記憶：一堅(jiān)持(insist)二命令(order,demand)三建議(advice,suggest,propose)四要求(require,request,demand,ask)含有advice,idea,order,suggestion,proposal,demand,requirement,request等詞的同位語從句和表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。e.g.Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoLondonisnice.

他建議我們?nèi)惗?，真是好極了。

(suggestion后同位語從句用虛擬語氣)Hissuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.

他的建議是會(huì)議延后。(suggestion后表語從句用虛擬語氣)Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.

我想我們應(yīng)該仔細(xì)考慮后才能接受。(idea后表語從句用虛擬語氣)虛擬語氣用于主語從句①Itis＋形容詞＋that＋(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形用于本句型的形容詞有strange,natural,necessary,important,essential,urgent,impossible等；還有與表示提議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的形容詞，如desirable(desire),urgent(urge),advisable(advise),preferable(prefer)等。動(dòng)詞wish后面賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣：(1)若賓語從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，be一律用were。

HowIwishIwereabird!

我多希望自己是只鳥！(事實(shí)上不是)(2)若賓語從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞用“had＋過去分詞”。

Iwishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.

我希望我們?cè)鐑蓚€(gè)小時(shí)到了那兒。

(與過去事實(shí)相反)(3)若賓語從句表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞用“should/could/would/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。Iwishwecouldgototheseasidesomeday.我希望我們有一天能去海邊。(對(duì)將來虛擬)在句型“Itis(high/about)time...”后面也可以跟虛擬語氣，從句中常用過去式。有時(shí)也用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“該是……的時(shí)候了”。

Itishightime(that)theweatherimproved.

天氣真該好起來了。在incase,inorderthat,sothat等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“could/can/may/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”，表示虛擬。

Shecalledhimlestheshouldgoout.

她給他打電話以防他出去。

Theyleftearlyforfearthattheywouldmeethim.

他們動(dòng)身很早以免和他碰面。1.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he_____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.

(福建2013)A.woulddrive

B.droveC.wouldhavedriven

D.haddriven【解析】C。由No及Ifso可知，主句中應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故謂語用“wouldhave+過去分詞”。2.IshouldnothavelaughedifI_____youwereserious.(江蘇2013)A.thought

B.wouldthinkC.hadthought

D.havethought【解析】C。由題意可知，題干用了虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故從句謂語用“had+過去分詞”。3.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam_____attheageofsixmonthsold.(浙江2013)A.was

B.beC.were

D.is【解析】B。recommend后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用“（should+）動(dòng)詞原形”。5.Ifwe_____atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.

(北京2013)A.havebooked

B.bookedC.book

D.hadbooked【解析】D。由earlier與wouldn’tbestanding可知，題干中用了虛擬語氣，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反，故設(shè)空處用“had+過去分詞”。6.I________tomycousin'sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.(2011安徽)A.went B.hadgoneC.wouldgo

D.wouldhavegone【解析】選D。考查虛擬語氣。句意:昨晚我應(yīng)該去堂兄的生日晚會(huì),但是我沒有空。根據(jù)句中l(wèi)astnight及but可知本題表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),故選D。鞏固練習(xí)1.DavidhasneverbeentoRome,buthetalksaboutitasifhe_____therehimself.A.hasbeen

B.hadbeenC.is

D.were2.Tomwasabsentfromtheparty.Otherwise,he_____wonderfulprograms.A.mustperform

B.wouldperformC.musthaveperformedD.wouldhaveperformedBD3.ThenewfilmdirectedbyStevenSpielbergwasveryinteresting.IwishI_____itwhenitwasfirstshownlastSunday.A.saw

B.haveseenC.couldsee

D.hadseen4.LuckilyIgottothejobinterviewontime,orI_____suchagoodchancetoenterthebigbusiness.A.musthavemissed

B.mustmissC.wouldhavemissed

D.wouldmissDC5.Ifyourbicycle_____beoutoforderwithinoneweek,wewouldexchangeitforanewone.A.could

B.shouldC.might

D.would6.Now,goodfriends,let’sdrinktoourhealthand_____weneverforgeteachother.A.may

B.mightC.must

D.willBA7.AlltheevidencesuggestedJim_____themoney,butMrs.Smithsuggestedwe_____hisparentsaboutit.A.hadstolen;hadn’ttoldB.hadstolen;nottellC.steal;hadn’ttold

D.steal;nottell8.Theyorderedthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore_____beplanted.A.must

B.canC.could

D.shouldBD9.Don’tforgetyourtutor’ssuggestionthatyou_____keepcreativeandimaginativeinordertomakesomethingdifferent.A.could

B.shouldC.may

D.need10.—Hereyouareatlast!—Butforthekindlady,I_____bewanderinginthestreetnow.A.would

B.ca