常用數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)語(英語)

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)常用數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)語（英語）簡介：本文收錄了GRE考試之?dāng)?shù)學(xué)術(shù)語部分，基本能滿足大部分的應(yīng)用需求，能有效豐富英語的專業(yè)詞匯。代數(shù)部分

1.有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)運算

add，plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除

divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)，紅利divisor因子，除數(shù)

quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號

roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入

2.有關(guān)集合

union并集proper

subset真子集solution

set解集

3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式

algebraic

term代數(shù)項like

terms,similar

terms同類項numerical

coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal

coefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式

triangle

inequality三角不等式range值域original

equation原方程equivalent

equation同解方程，等價方程linear

equation線性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)

4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)

proper

fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improper

fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixed

number帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar

fraction，common

fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simple

fraction簡分?jǐn)?shù)complex

fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)common

denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal

fraction純小數(shù)infinite

decimal無窮小數(shù)recurring

decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位

5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念

arithmetic

mean算術(shù)平均值weighted

average加權(quán)平均值geometric

mean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square

root平方根cuberoot立方根common

logarithm常用對數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量

inversefunction反函數(shù)complementary

function余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的

factorization因式分解absolute

value絕對值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round

off四舍五入

6.有關(guān)數(shù)論

natural

number自然數(shù)positive

number正數(shù)negative

number負(fù)數(shù)odd

integer,odd

number

奇數(shù)even

integer,even

number偶數(shù)integer,whole

number整數(shù)positive

whole

number正整數(shù)negative

whole

number負(fù)整數(shù)consecutive

number連續(xù)整數(shù)rea

lnumber,rational

number實數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)composite

number合數(shù)

e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime

number質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù)，但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)common

divisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)common

multiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子common

factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units個位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)common

ratio公比

7.數(shù)列

arithmetic

progression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometric

progression(sequence)等比數(shù)列

8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計，近似parentheses括號

proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric

function三角函數(shù)unit單位,位

幾何部分

1.所有的角

alternate

angle內(nèi)錯角corresponding

angle同位角vertical

angle對頂角central

angle

圓心角interior

angle內(nèi)角exterior

angle外角supplement

aryangles補(bǔ)角complement

aryangle余角adjacent

angle鄰角acute

angle銳角obtuse

angle鈍角right

angle直角round

angle周角straight

angle平角included

angle夾角

2.所有的三角形

equilateral

triangle等邊三角形scalene

triangle不等邊三角形isosceles

triangle等腰三角形right

triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed

triangle內(nèi)接三角形

3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外

semicircle半圓

concentric

circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon

七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長方形regular

polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形

4.其它平面圖形

arc弧line,straight

line直線line

segment線段parallel

lines平行線segment

of

a

circle弧形

5.有關(guān)立體圖形

cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangular

solid長方體regular

solid/regular

polyhedron正多面體circular

cylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的

6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物

altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference,perimeter周長radian弧度surface

area

表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股cros

ssection橫截面center

of

acircle圓心chord弦radius半徑angle

bisector角平分線diagonal對角線diameter直徑edge棱face

of

a

solid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊included

side夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數(shù))opposite直角三角形中的對邊midpoint中點endpoint端點vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距

7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo)

coordinate

system坐標(biāo)系rectangular

coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complex

plane復(fù)平面

8.其它

plane

geometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean

theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的

其它

1.單位類

cent美分penny一美分硬幣nickel5美分硬幣dime一角硬幣dozen打(12個)score廿(20個)Centigrade攝氏Fahrenheit華氏quart夸脫gallon加侖(1gallon=4quart)yard碼

meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量單位，60分=1度)

squaremeasure平方單位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脫(干量或液量的單位)

2.有關(guān)文字?jǐn)⑹鲱}，主要是有關(guān)商業(yè)

intercalary

year(leapyear)閏年(366天)common

year平年(365天)depreciation折舊down

payment直接付款discount打折margin利潤profit利潤interest利息simple

interest單利compounded

interest復(fù)利dividend紅利decrease

to減少到decrease

by減少了increase

to增加到increase

by增加了denote表示list

price標(biāo)價markup漲價per

capita每人ratio比率retail

price零售價tie打例題：A

retailer

sells

a

watch

at

$1840

and

makes

a

profit

of

15%.

If

he

wants

to

double

the

profit,

find

the

new

selling

price

of

the

watch.

題解：

一個制造商生產(chǎn)正方形底的紙箱，箱頂是兩塊扇掩式的箱蓋。底部因要加強(qiáng)強(qiáng)度而造成雙層的。每個箱的體積是12立方米。

(a)

證明C（做一個箱所需的紙板面積）=3^2

+

4xh

(b)

表達(dá)C作為只有x的函數(shù)

?

順著x>0描繪C的圖表

(d)

(i)

什么尺寸的箱會讓所需造箱的紙板面積最少化？

(ii)

用來造箱的最少紙板面積是什么？

After

explaining

the

question,

we

are

going

to

answer

them

as

shown

below:

(a)

Ignor99de

the

fact

that

the

top

is

a

flap

opening,

the

two

flaps

combine

to

form

one

complete

surface.

Taking

into

account

that

the

bottom

is

double-layered,

that

means

the

box

has

in

total

7

surfaces.

So,

we

have

C

=

3*x^2

(1

top

+

2

bottom)

+

4*x*h

(4

side

faces)

Therefore,

C

=

3x^2

+

4xh

(b)

As

given,

the

volume

of

the

box

should

be

12

m^3,

that

means

12

=

x^2*h

h

=

12/x^2

Put

into

C,

then

C

=

3x^2

+

4x(12/x^2)

Simplify,

we

get

C

=

3x^2

+

48/x

?

Sorry,

I

do

not

know

how

to

upload

pictures

here!

(But

this

should

not

be

difficult!)

For

your

easy

following,

make

the

following

table

and

plot

the

points

accordingly:

x0

1

2

3

4

5

6

CInf.

51

36

43

60

84.6

116

(From

the

graph,

we

could

already

see

that

the

minimum

C

occurs

at

around

x=2.)

(d)

I

am

not

sure

whether

you

have

learn

differentiation

or

not.

Anyway,

if

you

have

not

learnt

calculus

yet,

you