希臘文化對西方文明重要性-高中英語教師研修

TheimportanceofGreekculturetoWesterncivilizationSculpture01TheinfluenceofancientGreeksculptureThecorespiritofthewesterntraditionalartistoemphasizethethree-dimensionalspacemodelingsystem,emphasizingtheshape,spaceandvolume,andtheoriginofthisspiritistheancientGreeksculpture.Becauseofthis,theancientGreeksculptureprovidesthetrackanddirectionoftheevolutionofwesterntraditionalart,especiallytraditionalpainting.Inthelonghistoryoftraditionalpainting,italwaysadherestotheimitationofancientGreeksculpture.SculptureHomericAgeThisperiodofplasticartsisinitsinfancy,sculptureforstatuettes.SculptureArchaicAgeThesculpturesintheancientstyleperiodhavebasicallyconformedtotheproportionofthehumanbody,withmuscletexture,mostlymaintainingapositivestaticposture,simpleandnaivestyle,rigorousandsimple.Thefacesofthestatuesallkeepthesamesmile,whichiscalled"smileofancientstyle".SculptureTheArtofSculptureSculpturebegantoapproachtheperfecthumanbody,thecombinationofstaticanddynamic,artisticachievementsreachedthepeakinthisperiod.ClassicalAgeThreegreatsculptorsinancientGreeceMyronDiscusthrowerPheidiassculptureoftheFatesThreegreatsculptorsinancientGreecePolyclitosSpearbearerHellenicAgeSculpturepresentsavarietyofstyles.literatureandreligion02literatureandreligionTherewerenoclassicaldoctrines,churchorganizationsandspecialclergyinancientGreekreligion.TheSecularityofthisreligionpromotedthedevelopmentofrationalisminancientGreekcitystates.AncientGreekreligionandmythologyarecloselylinked.Thebeliefinvariousgodsistheideologicalbasisofmythologyandlegend.文學：特點是“神人同形同性”GreekmythologyistheoralorwrittenmythologyaboutancientGreekgods,heroes,natureandthehistoryoftheuniverse.Mythologytalksabouttheoriginofthegodsandtheworld,thestrugglebetweenthegodsforthehighestpositionandthefinalvictorybyZeus,theloveandquarrelofthegods,theinfluenceofthegods'adventureandpoweronthemortalworld,includingthenaturalphenomenasuchasstormsorseasons,andtherelationshipbetweenworshipplacesandrituals.BronzeAgeliteratureanddramaEpicpoems：TheEvidenceofHomerDrama：PrometheusBound

OedipustheKingItisnotonlyavaluableliteraryheritage,butalsoamaindocumenttounderstandtheearlyGreeksociety.(ItcontainstheIliadandtheOdyssey)Epicpoems：TheEvidenceofHomerItnotonlyreflectsthesocialsituationfromthe11thcenturyB.C.tothe9thcenturyB.C.,butalsoreflectstheMycenaeancivilizationandreproducesthepictureofancientGreeksociety.Itisanimportanthistoricalmaterialforthestudyofearlysociety.Itnotonlyhasimportantvalueinliteratureandart,butalsoprovidesmanythingsworthyofstudyinhistory,geography,archaeologyandfolklore.AncientGreektragedyoriginatedfromthecelebrationofDionysus.InthelongevolutionoftheancientGreekworld,thisprimitivesacrificialactivitygraduallydevelopedintoanartisticstylewithchorusaccompaniment,actorperformanceandrelyingonthecurtain,background,masktoshapetheenvironment,whichistheembryonicformofWesterndrama.AncientGreekTragedy:

MostoftheancientGreekcomediesarepoliticalsatireandsocialsatire,whichcameintobeingintheprosperousperiodofdemocraticpoliticswithrelativelyfreespeech.Thecomediesofthisperiodarehighlycritical,especiallygoodatsatirizingthepeopleinpower.Thecomedyatthistimeiscalled"oldcomedy".Inthe5thcenturyB.C.,therewerethreegreatcomicpoetsinAthens:Kratinus,OpolisandAristophanes.AncientGreekcomedy:Atthistime,theancientGreekliteraturewascomingtoanend,andthecenterofGreekcivilizationgraduallymovedfromAthenstoAlexandriainEgypt.ThecharacteristicsofGreekliteratureinthisperiodaredivorcedfromreality,emphasizingrhetoricandpursuingsentimentalmood.Themoresuccessfulareasarenewcomedyandidyll.HellenicAgeArtandArchitecture03Characteristic:harmony,simplicity,solemnityandclearlayout.Templearchitectureistheembodimentofthesestylesandcharacteristics,andalsothemostinfluentialarchitectureinancientGreeceandevenEurope.Influences:thesourceandtreasurehouseofEuropeanarchitecturalart.thepioneerofWesternEuropeanarchitecture.Philosophy04PhilosophyTheword"philosophy"usedinthemodernWestcomesfromancientGreek,anditsoriginalmeaningis"lovewisdom".PhilosophyAncientGreekphilosophymainlydiscussestheoriginofallthingsintheworld.TheGreekslookedatnaturewithrationalthinkingandscientificattitude,whocouldexplaintheformationoftheworldfromtheoriginofallthings.Greekphilosopherspursuewisdom,aregoodatthinking,lovethetruth,andmakeunremittingeffortstoexplorethetruth.Greecebecamethehometownofwesternphilosophy.Science05MathematicsThalesprovedmanygeometricpropositions,andputforwardsuchtheoremsas"diameterbisectscircle","intersectionofstraightlinesequalsvertexangle",andcalculationmethodofconeandspherevolume.MathematicsPythagorasisthefirstpersoninthewesttoprovethePythagoreantheorem.AstronomyThalescorrectlypredictedthetotalsolareclipseonMay28,585B.C.;Pythagorasproposedthattheuniverseisspherical,itscenteris"centralfire",andallcelestialbodiesrevolvearoundit.BiologyAristotlewasanencyclopedicscholar.Heusuallypaidattentiontoobservinganimalsandplants,dissectedanimalsinperson,wrotezoology,botanyandotherworksBiologyandclassifiedorganismsaccordingtodifferentlevelsfromthelow-levelinanimatetothehigh-levelanimalworld,whichalsohadagreatimpactonthelaterDarwiniantheoryofevolution.Politics06PoliticsFromtheeighthcenturyBC,theGreeksbegantoestablishthecity-state,formingthecity-statepoliticalsystem.Theso-calledcity-stateisanindependentsovereignstatewithacityasthecenter.Ithasitsownindependentterritoryandresidents,andanindependentauthoritysubjecttothepublic.PoliticsTheGreekcitystatesoverthrewthemonarchyearlierandpracticeddemocraticsystem.Mostofthemwererepublics,andtherewasnoautocraticmonarchy.Itisthefoundationofdemocraticsystemthatlawsaremadeandallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.Inaddition,citizenshavetheopportunitytoparticipateinpoliticalactivitiesanddecision-making,whichisakindofdemocratizationofpoliticallife.PoliticsAdvantages:(1)IthascreatedthenationalcharacteroftheGreekswhoareeagerforknowledgeandexploration.(2)Greecehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyculturalfields.(3)ThedemocraticpoliticsofancientGreecealsohadaprofoundimpactonlatergenerations.PoliticsDisadvantages:(1)Onlyafewadultcanreallyenjoydemocracy.Itsessenceisbasedonslavery.(2)Itisonlysuitableforasmallcountrywit