中考主謂一致

10/11中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致概念：主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致?！?.語法或形式一致原則遵循三個原則..2?意義一致原則I3.就近一致原則主謂一致是初、高中階段的重要語法項(xiàng)目之一，從近年中考的試題來看，中考對于主謂一致的考題主要考知識的記憶情況?？疾橹髦^一致的常見題型有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、翻譯句子、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換、時態(tài)填空、單句改錯、短文改錯等等，尤其要注意書面表達(dá)，因?yàn)闈h語中沒有相應(yīng)的這種謂語動詞的變化，所以英語的主謂一致也是困擾廣大中國學(xué)生的一大心病，很多學(xué)生在揮毫潑墨之時，此類錯誤比比皆是，嚴(yán)重影響文章的水平，考試中必將拉低得分的檔次。因此，掌握好主謂一致對于提高英語水平和取得理想成績都至關(guān)重要,找出句子的真正主語是關(guān)鍵。同時，必須遵循三個原則，下面，我們就來看一下具體情況：語法或形式一致原則(1)單數(shù)名詞(代詞)、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Heatallman.(be)Somebreadonthetable,(be)Theboysplayingfootball.(be)當(dāng)and或both...and...連接兩個或三個名詞(代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)女如(Both)LucyandLilygoodstudents.(be)*注：在意義上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù),and后面的名詞無冠詞。如：Thesingeranddancertalkingwithhisstudentsoverthere.(be)Thesingerandthedancertalkinghappily.(be)*注：and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體，當(dāng)breadandbutter(黃油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Fishandchipsalwayshisfavoritefood.(be)單數(shù)主語后面即使帶有由with,togetherwith,like,but,except,besides,aswellas等構(gòu)成的介詞短語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。介詞短語一般不作主語。如：Sheaswellastheotherstudentslearnedhowtotype.(have)MrGreenwithhischildrenwatchingTVnow.(be)EveryoneexceptLiLeiherewhenthemeetingbegan.(be)不定代詞each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,every＋one或thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。女口：Everythingready.(be)*(5)every...,every...andevery...,each...,each...andeach...no…andno作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。女口：Eachboyand(each)girlanappleintheirhands.(have)Nomanandnowoman(like)theseshoes.(6)one,everyone,each,eachone,anyone,neither,either+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Eachofusabike.(have)Everyoneofthestudentslisteningtotheteachercarefully.(be)注：each作同位語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。女口：Weeachapenfriend.=Weapenfriendeach.(have)none作主語，指人或可數(shù)的物，表示數(shù)目，謂語單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如果指不可數(shù)名詞，表示量，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。女口：Noneofthemtherightsize.(be)Jimhasusedupallthemoney.Noneleft.(be)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes,pants,shoes,shorts,gloves,trousers,glasses,scissors)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。女口：Mytrousersnew.(be)“數(shù)量詞+單位詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞與單位詞一致。e.g.Thispairoftrouserstooshortforme.(be)Twocupsofteaonthetable.(be)*(10)morethanone+單數(shù)名詞，“不止一個”，意義復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。manya+單數(shù)名詞，“許多”，意義復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g.Morethanonepersonhurtintheaccident.(be)Manyastudentplayinggamesontheplayground.(be)Oneandahalfapplesleftonthetable.(be)(11)不定式、動名詞或從句作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g.Tostudyhardourjob.(be)Swimminggoodforourhealth.(be)*在“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數(shù)，主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)；如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)，主句的謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Whathesaidtrue.(be)WhathisfatherlefthimafewEnglishbooks.(be)*注：如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上的)名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Whathesaidandwhathedidalwaysdifferentlastnight.(be)alotof(lotsof,plentyof,mostof)+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。女口：Thereplentyofraininthisareaeveryyear.(be)Alotofpeopleswimmingintheriveratthemoment.(be)百分?jǐn)?shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞女口：Over70percentoftheearthcoveredwithwater.(be)Onethirdoftheworkersinthefactorywomen.(be)注:population作為整體，謂語動詞為單數(shù)；主語指“人口中的一部分”時，其謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。女口：ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatofIndia.(be)80percentofthepopulationofChinafarmers.(be)(⑷anumber/groupof+cn(pl)“許多…”謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，thenumberof+cn(pl)“…的數(shù)目”，謂語動用單數(shù)。e.g.Anumberofbooksmissingfromthelibrary.(be)Thenumberofworkersinthisfactorygrowing.(be)Look!Thereagroupofpeopleoverthere.Whatishappening?(be)(15)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句中謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。oneof+n.(pl.)為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；theonly/very/rightoneof+n.(pl.)為先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.Jimisoneofthestudentswhopraised.(be)Jimistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraised.(be)*(16)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語，這時它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。e.g.ItisMary'sbrotherwhohurtinthecaraccidentyesterday.(be)意義一致原則(1)集體名詞(family,group,crowd,class,team，government)作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如表示集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。女口：Ourclassverybig.(be)Ourclasstalkingaboutthefilm.(be)⑵有生命的people，police，cattle(家畜)，youth等集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)；但traffic等無生命的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。女口：Howmanypeoplethereinyourfamily?(be)Thetrafficveryheavyinthemorning.(be)*注：people當(dāng)“民族”講時，有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，謂語動詞由它的形式?jīng)Q定。如：TheChinesepeopleagreatpeople.(be)There56peoplesinChina.(be)(3)表示時間、金錢、距離、度量、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。女口：TenyearspassedsinceMrGreencametoChina.(have)Tendollarsenough.(be)Whatoneandtwo?Itthree.(be)⑷以-s結(jié)尾，而意義為單數(shù)的名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(如news,physics,maths,politics等)，或?qū)Ｓ忻~(如theUnitedStates,theNewTimes,theUnitedNations等)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。女口：Itexcitingnews.(be)*注：表示群島、山脈、瀑布、奧運(yùn)會等專有名詞被看做復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，e.g.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryfouryears.(be)Chinese,French,English,Japanese等作主語，表示語言，謂語用單數(shù)；與the連用，表示人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Englishspokeninmanycountries.(be)TheChineseveryfriendly.(be)⑹“the+形容詞(或分詞)”表示一類人，如：therich(富人)，theliving(活著的人)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示抽象事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.Therichbetterlifethanthepoor.(have)Thenewalwaystakingtheplaceoftheold.(be)(7)the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)(=the+姓+family)表示一家人或夫婦二人，作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)e.g.TheGreenfamily(=TheGreens)gettingreadytogoout.(be)⑻疑問詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。(以who,why,how,whether或that引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：Whyshedidthisisnotknown.)e.g.Whogoingtospeakatthemeeting?(be)Whatonthedesk?(be)Look!Thereareagroupofpeopleoverthere.Whathappening?(be)注：由howandwhy,whenandwhere引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。HowandwhyhehadcometoPrincetonNewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,successandsadness.⑼名詞性物主代詞后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)，取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)女口：Ours(=OurParty)agreatparty.(be)Yourshoesareblack,mine(=myshoes)brown.(be)⑽由“akindof，thiskindof，manykindsof”以及由與kind意思相似的type，sort等構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持一致女口：Akindofbirdsbeendiscoveredbythem.(have)Anewtypeofmachinesonshownow.(be)Manykindsoffurniture(家具，不可數(shù))beingtransportedfromBeijingtoTianjin.(be)(11)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。TheArabianNightsisaninterestingbook.就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的名詞、代詞等詞的數(shù)。(1)there,here引導(dǎo)的句子女口：Thereabookandtwopensonthetable.(be)Theretwopensandabookonthetable.(be)Herethebus.(come)(2)or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時。女口：EitherLilyorLucytotheparty.(come)NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentstoliveinChina.(want)Heoryoutakenmypen.(have)走出主謂一致的三大誤區(qū)“主謂一致”最基本的原則是：單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)謂語動詞；復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。句子的核心是謂語動詞，謂語動詞形式的確定取決于主語。根據(jù)句子含義和結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主語是掌握主謂一致的必要條件；弄清主謂一致的語言規(guī)則和習(xí)慣是掌握主謂一致的充分條件，要正確使用主謂一致，兩個條件缺一不可，但同學(xué)們往往會走入以下三大誤區(qū)。誤區(qū)一誤認(rèn)主語倒裝句TOC\o"1-5"\h\z?Betweenthetwobuildingsareabigtree.()②Betweenthetwobuildingsisabigtree.()主語之后帶有介詞短語Thefruitlikeapples,orangesaregoodforourhealth.()Thefruitlikeapples,orangesisgoodforourhealth.()oneof...+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞?Therearetwentyboysinourclass.OneoftheboysarefromCanada.()②Therearetwentyboysinourclass.OneoftheboysisfromCanada.()定語從句IlikethephotoswhichwastakeninBeijing.()IlikethephotoswhichweretakeninBeijing.()5.each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語決定。Weeachhasadictionary.(Weeachhaveadictionary.(誤區(qū)二被主語的表象迷惑看似復(fù)數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念Mathsaremyfavouritesubject.()Mathsismyfavouritesubject.()類似的有：physics，news，politics...看似單數(shù)卻表復(fù)數(shù)概念TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThepoliceissearchingfortherobbers.()Thepolicearesearchingfortherobbers.()名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形Therearealittlesheepeatinggrassonthehill.Canyouseeit?()Thereisalittlesheepeatinggrassonthehill.Canyouseeit?()4.集合名詞Theirfamilyisveryhappy.NowtheirfamilyiswatchingTV()Theirfamilyisveryhappy.NowtheirfamilyarewatchingTV()誤區(qū)三誤用語言規(guī)則1.表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞作主語Tenyearsarequitealongtime.()Tenyearsisquitealongtime.()由and連接的并列主語Thetwentiethlessonandlastlessonareveryeasyforstudents.()Thetwentiethlessonandlastlessonisveryeasyforstudents.()就近原則?NeitheryounorhehavebeentoBeijing.()②NeitheryounorhehasbeentoBeijing.()thiskindof，apieceof，thispairof等短語作主語Thispairoftrousersareverynew,butTom'strousersareveryold.()Thispairoftrousersisverynew,butTom'strousersareveryold.()【例1】（2011河北）TherelotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【例2】（2011黃崗）-Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?-Either__OK,butIprefercoffee___milk.A.is;withB.is;toC.are;withD.are;to【例3】（2009天津）Diana,togetherwithherfriends,ChineseinChina.A.studyB.havestudiedC.studiesD.arestudying【例4】（2009河南）Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors__smallerandsmaller.A.becomeB.becameC.isbecomingD.havebecome【例5】（2010安徽）—Howmuchthepairofshoes?—Twentydollarsenough.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are【例6】（2009寧夏）Thewomanbehindthegirlsafamousactress.A.isB.areC.haveD.has【例7】（2009齊齊哈爾）-Whichismoreuseful,listeningorspeaking?-Ithinkofthemareuseful.A.noneB.bothC.all【例8】（2009齊齊哈爾）Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.A.isB.amC.areI.用動詞be或have的適當(dāng)形式填空Everystudentgotabook.Thenumberofstudentsintheschoolnowrising.Anumberofboyslayingbasketballatthemoment.Theresomethingelseinthedesk.Tom,togetherwithhismother,gonetoNewYork.Theteacherwithtwostudentslayingsports.Thispairoftrousersmadebymyauntlastyear.Fivemonthsalongtimetowait.Heresomebooks.Tocleantheroomyourduty.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空WhenIgotthere,theyeach（read）abook.Neitherofus（like）thestorybook.Everyoneexceptme（go）tothecinematonight.Afootballteamoften（have）elevenplayers.Noonebutmyparents（know）thetruth.Jim'sfamily(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.Whatyousaid(be)quiteusefultous.Look!Theclass(do)morningexercisesontheplayground.Twentyyears(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.Threeglassesofmilk(be)enoughforus.Eitheryouorhe(be)ateacher.NotonlyLiLeibutalsoJack(enjoy)playingfootballverymuch.BothLucyandLily(be)fromtheUSA.Everyboyandgirl(wear)theschooluniformtoday.Jimwithhisparentsoften(take)awalkintheparkafterdinner.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool(be)about800.Twofifthsoftheapple(eat)upbythemousealready.Tendollars(be)notenoughformetobuyaskirt.Mr.Zhangaswellashistwosons(watch)TVtogetheratthismoment.Theyoung(play)videogamesalotonSundays.There(come)thebus.Atthetopofthehill(stand)anoldtemple.There(be)aboyandthreegirlsintheclassroomnow.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Theremorecarsnowinourcountry.A.haveB.areC.isD.has()2.Linda,withherparents,__theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento()3.—Howmuchisthepairofshoes?—Twentydollarsenough.A.isB.areC.am()4.—PhysicsmoredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?—Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.has()5.__Lily___Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly；butalsoB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or()6.EachofthegirlsheretotheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen()7.OneofmyfriendsmovedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()8.Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopis10,000andanumberofthem___aboutscience.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()9.Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.BothsheandIgoodatdrawing.A.amB.isC.areD.be()10.Nooneswimminginsuchbadweather.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked()11.Nooneexcepttwostudentsthemeeting.A.hasbeenlateforB.havebeenlateforC.waslateforD.werelatefor()12.Allbuthimandmetotheexhibition.A.amgoingB.isgoingC.aregoingD.wasgoing()13.AnumberofcarsinfrontoftheparkA.isparkedB.wasparkedC.areparkedD.hasparked()14.NeitherTomnorhisparentsathome.A.isB.areC.hasD.was()15.waswrong.A.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernotthestudentsD.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher()16.Threehoursenoughforustofinishthetask.A.areB.hasC.isD.were()17.Maryisoneofthegirlswhoalwaysontime.A.isB.amC.areD.was()18.(1)ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.(2)EachofthestudentsinourschoolanEnglishdictionary.A.arehavingB.hadC.hasD.have()19.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming_usefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.were()20.(1)Manystudentsthatmistakebefore.(2)Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havemadeD.hasmade()21.Therestofthenovel_veryinteresting.A.wereB.areC.isD.seem()22.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boys,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe()23.Theresomemilkintheglass.A.isB.areC.beD.has()24.Howtimeflies!Threeyearsreallyashorttime.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()25.ThepopulationofChina__largerthanthatoftheUSA.A.willbeB.areC.isD.was()26.Deerfasterthandogs.A.willrunB.arerunningC.runsD.run()27.Thispairoftrousersmysister.Mytrousers.A.isbelongto;isbeingwashedB.belongsto;arebeingwashedC.belongto;iswashedD.arebelongingto;hasbeenwashed()28.WhatIwant__aninterestingbookwhilewhathewants__twocupsofcoffee.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are()29.Thereadingroomveryquiet.Ienjoyreadingbooksthere.A.amB.isC.areD.be()30.Inourschoollibrary,there___anumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.are;isC.have;isD.is;have()31.NobodybutLiHuathesecret.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.isknown()32.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthsea.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasbeen()33Allbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were()34Whereawill,thereisaway.A.therehasB.isC.thereisD.thereare()35.EachboyandeachgirlanEnglishdictionaryyesterday.A.aregivenB.wasgivenC.beinggivenD.weregiven()36.Theold___takengoodcareofinChina.A.isB.hasC.areD.have()37.Sheistheonlyoneofallthestudentswho___achancetogoabroad.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are()38.SomethingwrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()39.EitherTimorIaboss.A.amB.isC.areD.be/r