考研考博-英語-山東體育學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東體育學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?

3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.

B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.

C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.

D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Forfurniture.

B.Forfuel.

C.Forhousing.

D.Fornourishment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tinyseeds

B.importantleaders

C.toweringtrees

D.Egyptianpyramids

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Trees

B.Grandeurandmystery

C.Seasons

D.People’sspiritualhorizons

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beeninexistencelonger

B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments

C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals

D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章講了樹木在歷史的發(fā)展，點(diǎn)出樹木對(duì)人的作用，所以B選項(xiàng)“縱觀歷史，樹木對(duì)人類很重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“樹長得很高”和D選項(xiàng)“生長在加州的樹很古老”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。C選項(xiàng)“樹讓人看起來更優(yōu)越”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.（樹木為人類提供了溫暖的爐火：它們提供了住所、食物、藥品甚至衣服。），所以這里提到了B選項(xiàng)“作為燃料”，C選項(xiàng)“建房子”和D選項(xiàng)“吸收其營養(yǎng)”，沒有提到A選項(xiàng)“做成家具”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.（大約在建造埃及金字塔的時(shí)候，它們從微小的種子中發(fā)芽。今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近，就像支撐天空的大教堂柱子。），可知這些“巨大的家長”生長在巖石和懸崖上，就像大教堂柱子一樣高，所以C選項(xiàng)“高聳的樹木”正確，A選項(xiàng)“小小的種子”和D選項(xiàng)“埃及金字塔”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“重要的領(lǐng)袖”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.（樹木表現(xiàn)了生命的宏偉和神秘，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诩竟?jié)的循環(huán)中移動(dòng)，從生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它們”指的是A選項(xiàng)“樹木”，B選項(xiàng)“宏偉和神秘”和C選項(xiàng)“四季”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們的精神視野”：根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.（它們還塑造了人們的精神視野。），這里的“它們”也指樹木，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.（今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近……很難想象他們會(huì)在人類的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他們腳下的生物的任何影響。），可知相比于紅杉樹，其他樹木更貼近人類生活，所以D選項(xiàng)“與人有更密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存在更久”，B選項(xiàng)“更容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境”和C選項(xiàng)“更容易受到動(dòng)物的影響”文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大學(xué)教授遇到的學(xué)生往往是這樣的：除了會(huì)在試卷上寫簡要答案之外，從不動(dòng)筆寫任何東西，不怎么讀書，缺乏基本的數(shù)理技能，卻對(duì)自己的能力信心滿滿，還拒絕接受任何針對(duì)其作業(yè)的批評(píng)，甚至到了大哭大鬧的地步。

稍加批評(píng)，就得施以各種贊美鼓勵(lì)來緩和，以防引發(fā)對(duì)立情緒，或者情緒完全崩潰。

由于時(shí)間壓力，越來越多的大學(xué)老師自問：“給學(xué)生什么樣的成績才能保證他們不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不會(huì)因?yàn)樽鳂I(yè)要求是否清晰而引發(fā)紛爭?”

因此，就不得不招進(jìn)更多不合要求的學(xué)生，還不得不留下他們，從而將爭取學(xué)業(yè)成功的負(fù)擔(dān)從學(xué)生身上轉(zhuǎn)嫁到老師身上。

如果有時(shí)間，教師可以進(jìn)行單獨(dú)輔導(dǎo)。但是學(xué)生的整體能力決定了在課堂上能夠嚴(yán)格要求他們的程度。

3.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Suicide.

B.Obesity.

C.Turmoil.

D.Drugabuse.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Preventable.

B.Destructive.

C.Treatable.

D.Curable.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Combiningantidepressantsandtalktherapy.

B.Promotingthetransmissionbetweenneurons.

C.Winningparentalassistanceandsupport.

D.Administeringeffectiveantidepressants.24.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitaddstotheeffectoftreatment.

B.Becauseitworksbetterthanthemedications.

C.Becauseitcantaketheplaceofantidepressants.

D.Becauseithelpsreducetheuseofantidepressants.25.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.65percent.

B.75percent.

C.85percent.

D.95percent.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】(21)Suicideisaveryrealriskforyoungpeoplewhosufferfromclinicaldepression.Infactduringthepasttwoyearssuicidehasincreasedamongyouthsbetweentheagesof10and19,buttherearen'ttreatmentsthatcanhelp.(22)(23)Researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy.Anti-depressantsworkbyincreasingchemical—whichfacilitatecommunicationsbetweenneuronsinthebrainAnti-depressantsarethemosteffectivetreatmentformostadults.Butwhenitcomestoteenagers,it’snotenough.”SaysdoctorR,apsychiatrist.With—universitymedicalcenter.13ageyearsarefullofturmoil,emotionsandchanges.Andtherearefamilyconflictsandconflictswithrelationshipthatcancontributetodistressinadolescentssays.Andanti-depressantmedicationsmaynotbeabletodealwithallofthoseproblems,"psychotherapy,specificallyproblem-behavioraltherapyneedtobecombined,"hesays.(24)(25)Inhisrecentmajorstudy,withthetherapyinusealongwithanti-depressants.75%ofkidsarereportedfeelingbetterandlesssuicidalafter3monthprobablybecausetheproblem-behavioraltherapytacklethinkingandfeelinginaveryparticularwaythatmedicinesmaynot.Andinparticularsuicidalcase.Itintervenesinapositiveway.Say.doctorF,apsychiatristwith—inthemedicalcollege.

21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

【解析】從首句可知：對(duì)于臨床抑郁癥的年輕人來講，他們非常有可能自殺。因此本文的主要內(nèi)容是講如何治療抑郁從而避免自殺的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故A為正確選項(xiàng)。

22.Towhatextentcantheproblembedealtwith?

【解析】通過文章中的“researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy”（研究表明，最有效的治療方式是抗抑郁和談話治療的結(jié)合），由此可知，臨床抑郁癥是可治療的。故本題選C。

23.Whatwayisthebetteralternativenowtotreattheproblems?

【解析】通過上題解析可知，A項(xiàng)正確。

24.Whyshouldtalktherapybecombined?

【解析】通過錄音中可知，75%的青少年都在使用心理療法（psychotherapy）之后，感覺會(huì)好一些，自殺的沖動(dòng)也會(huì)減輕。因此，心理療法可以與藥物療法同時(shí)使用，因?yàn)槟茉黾雍笳叩男Ч?。故本題選A。

25.Whatisthepercentageofthekidswhofeelbetterafterthecombinedtherapy?

【解析】該數(shù)字應(yīng)為75%。

4.單選題

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)setupon“襲擊；挑撥，唆使；開始”；B選項(xiàng)setin“開端；來臨；到來”；Csetabout選項(xiàng)“開始著手；考慮”；D選項(xiàng)setdown“放下；記下；登記；寫下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Wouldyouplease（）onyoursecondpoint?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indicate

B.elaborate

C.precede

D.count

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indicate“表明；指出”；B選項(xiàng)elaborate“精心制作；詳細(xì)闡述”；C選項(xiàng)precede“領(lǐng)先；高于”；D選項(xiàng)count“認(rèn)為；算數(shù)”。句意：能不能對(duì)你的第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行……？對(duì)第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)還沒有領(lǐng)會(huì)理解，需要進(jìn)一步做解釋。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

經(jīng)過改革開放30多年的努力，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng)，國民生產(chǎn)總值大幅提升。中國人口多、底子薄，面臨城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)等問題。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的目標(biāo)還需要長期艱苦奮斗。中國面臨的問題只有通過發(fā)展才能解決。我們將堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展作為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，努力推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展。

【答案】Overthepast30yearssincereformandopening-up,China’seconomyhasenjoyedcontinuousgrowthanditsGDPhasrisentoamuchhigherlevel.China,acountrywithabigpopulationandweakeconomicfoundation,isconfrontedwithsomechallenges,includingdevelopmentdisparitiesbetweentheurbanandruralareasandamongdifferentregions,inadequateinnovationcapabilitiesandsoon.Toachievemodernization,wemustmakepersistentandstrenuouseffort.Andwecanonlyovercomeourdifficultiesthroughdevelopment.Wewillcontinuetotakedevelopmentasourtoppriorityandmakeeveryefforttoachievesoundandrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.

7.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；D選項(xiàng)fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人對(duì)于女人都有一個(gè)刻板的觀念，那就是女人天生體格方面弱，思想方面（固執(zhí)）。句中…mind與frailconstitutions相對(duì)應(yīng)，根據(jù)句意，stubborn“固執(zhí)的”用來修飾題中女人的思想正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thereisnothingsecretaboutwhatwe’redoing;it’sallperfectly（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofsight

B.ontheair

C.onthehorizon

D.aboveboard

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。“outofsight”看不見；“ontheair”在播送；“onthehorizon”在地平線上，即將來臨的；“aboveboard”誠實(shí)的，光明正大的。句意：我們所做的事沒有任何秘密，完全都是光明正大的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Nothingwould（）Elizabethtogiveupthecauseofeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.seduce

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)induce“導(dǎo)致”；B選項(xiàng)deduce“推論”；C選項(xiàng)reduce“減少”；D選項(xiàng)seduce“誘惑”。句意：沒有什么能讓伊麗莎白放棄教育事業(yè)。本句表示導(dǎo)致某人放棄。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句話提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能夠讓一個(gè)足球離開地球，那么也足夠?qū)⒁粋€(gè)保齡球（或一輛貨車）送離地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此選項(xiàng)C“逃離地球”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“為了離開地球，一個(gè)較重的物體……”。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“物體下落的方式與物體的質(zhì)量無關(guān)”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），選項(xiàng)B“需要的初始速度與較輕物體的一樣”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“地球大氣中沒有氦氣的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大氣主要有氧和氮組成，幾乎沒有氫和氦，質(zhì)量輕的其他速度超過了11.2千米每秒的臨界值，因此它們沒有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推測氦氣的速度超過了11.2千米每秒，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“月球上沒有大氣的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物體的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是較重的氣體也有足夠的速度逃離月球，這就是為什么月球上沒有大氣的原因，由此可知選項(xiàng)D“它不能將氧和氮這樣的氣體留在里面”符合題意。

11.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)snatchup“奪取，抓起”，B項(xiàng)summonup“鼓起，喚起”，C項(xiàng)catchon“理解，變得流行”，D項(xiàng)watchout“小心，提防”。根據(jù)后面的句意“要我重復(fù)我說過的話”可知，空格部分表示“明白，理解”，只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：約翰說他不太明白，要我重復(fù)一遍剛才說的話。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Afterafewdays,exhaustion______andtheclimberswereforcedtogiveuptheirattempttoreachthetopofthemountain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setoff

B.setin

C.setto

D.setout

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。setoff“出發(fā)”；setin“開始，流行”；setto“開始認(rèn)真干”；setout“開始，成列”。句意：幾天后，疲憊漸漸襲來，爬山者被迫放棄爬到山頂?shù)膰L試。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoreversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,o12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（發(fā)生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroduction

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.bodytemperaturechangeswiththecycleofsleepandwakefulness

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.（例如，人們可以輕松地從白天工作到晚上工作，這是一個(gè)在自動(dòng)化工業(yè)中越來越重要的問題，在這個(gè)行業(yè)中，要求機(jī)器全天候運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.moneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,and4p.mto12midnightthethirdandsoon.（不幸的是，在工業(yè)中，每周都會(huì)發(fā)生變化；一個(gè)人每周可以從午夜12點(diǎn)工作到每周8點(diǎn)，第二天晚上8點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)，下午4點(diǎn)到12點(diǎn)，以此類推）可知選B。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長期的夜間工人）可知選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;particularlyintermsofperformance.（知道一個(gè)人何時(shí)適應(yīng)的方法是測量他的體溫。從事正常日間工作的人在清醒的時(shí)候會(huì)有較高的溫度，晚上則會(huì)有較低的溫度；特別是在工作表現(xiàn)方面）可知選A。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長期的夜間工人）和最后一段中Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.（然而，到目前為止，這種選擇形式似乎還沒有在實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用）可知選B。

14.單選題

Thefatherlosthis（

）justbecausehissonfailedagaininthefinalexam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mind

B.mood

C.passion

D.temper

【答案】D

【解析】句意:父親發(fā)脾氣只是因?yàn)閮鹤悠谀┛荚囉挚荚伊恕?/p>

考查固定搭配。loseone’stemper發(fā)脾氣。

15.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。apprehensive表示“憂慮的，不安的”；A項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”，B項(xiàng)anxious“焦慮的”，C項(xiàng)uncertain“不確定的”，D項(xiàng)scared“害怕的”。句意：這個(gè)國家進(jìn)行了核試驗(yàn)，并不擔(dān)心其后果。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，明亮的”；audible“聽得見的”；amplified“放大的，擴(kuò)充的”。句意：我買了一個(gè)帶有發(fā)光鐘面的鬧鐘，這樣在黑暗中也能看清時(shí)間了。由后半句句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavorediso