中考復(fù)習(xí)-一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別專題與練習(xí)

中考復(fù)習(xí)—一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別專題與練習(xí)一、前言：初一下學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)了一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的相關(guān)知識，而在初二上學(xué)期英語的學(xué)習(xí)中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是重要的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。現(xiàn)在通過對比一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，對現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行講解與復(fù)習(xí)。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have（has）+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動(dòng)詞，說明句子的意義?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。Wearegoodfriends.（現(xiàn)在的情況）Iknewhimin1997.（過去的動(dòng)作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet等副詞修飾。如：-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）Ihaven'tseenherforfouryears.我有四年沒見到她了。（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,threetimes等時(shí)間狀語。如:IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去過北京二次。1/8

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語（1）見在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用。a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework我們已完成作業(yè)了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。b?用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWal1我從未去過長城。c?用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近幾天他去過那里三次了。d?用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如：now,today,thismorning（month,year,term等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?今年你去過那里多少次？（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive—beherearrive—beheredie—bedeaddie—bedeadcomeback—bebackleave—beawayfallill(sick,leave—beawayfallill(sick,asleep)—beill(sick,asleep)getup—beupgoout—beoutfinish—beoverputon—wear或beonfinish—beoverputon—wear或beonopen—beopenjoin—bein或beamemberof...close—beclosedgotoschool—beastudenclose—beclosed2/88/8C.Have...copied...didD.Did...copy...had“Whysheangry?”“Becauseheatherjustnow.”A.did.get.shoutedB.has.got.shoutedC.did.get.hasshoutedD.has.got.hasshoutedyouthefilmbefore?Whereyouit?A.Have.seen.did.seeB.Did.see.did.watchC.Have.seen.have.seenD.Did.see.have.seenYoumewaitingfortwohours.Iforyousincefive.A.kept.waitedC.kept.havewaitedA.kept.waitedC.kept.havewaitedhavekept.havewaitedthereforanhour.WhereJohn?Tothelibrary.Hethereforanhour.A.has.been.hasgoneB.has.gone.hasbeendid.go.wentD.did.be.wentthebabystill?No,itcrying.A.Has.cried.hasstoppedB.Is.crying.stoppedC.Did.cry.stoppedD.Is.crying.hasstoppedItheway.Ihereforquitemanyyears.A.knew.havelivedB.knew.liveC.know.havelivedD.know.liveyoueverAmerica?Yes,Ihave.A.Have.gonetoB.Have.goneinC.Have.beentoD.Have.beeninMybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenatHetheArmybytheendof1989.Heinthearmysincethen.A.joined.isB.hasjoined.hasbeenC.hadjoined.isD.hadjoined.hasbeenBythetimeIbacktheyuptensatellites.A.came.havesentB.came.hadsentC.come.havesentD.hadcome.sentJackoverfivelessonsbyseveno'clock.Thenhearest.A.went.tookB.went.hadtakenC.hadgone.tookD.hadgone.hadtaken

Weoutbythattimethatheaspyforalongtime.A.hadfound...hadbeenB.hadfound...wasC.found...hadbeenD.found...wasBeforethenewshim,hetoknowaboutit.A.reaches.hasgotB.reached.hadgotC.reached.gotD.hadreached.gotIhimasecondletterbeforeIfromhim.A.wrote.heardB.wrote.hadheardC.hadwritten.heardD.havewritten.hearPeoplethatthesoldiersfighting.A.say.hadstoppedB.said.hasstoppedC.say.stoppedD.said.hadstoppedWeinagoodharvestbecauseweenoughrain.A.didn'tget.hadhadB.got.hadhadC.hadgot.hadhadD.got.hadn'thadTheyforfivehourswhentheyinNewYork.A.flew.arrivedB.hadflown.hadarrivedC.flew.hadarrivedhadflown.arrivedC.flew.hadarrivedhadflown.arrivedShethatitfortwodaysbythatday.A.says.hasrainedB.says.hadrainedC.said.hadrainedD.said.rainedA.says.hasrainedB.says.hadrainedC.said.hadrainedD.said.rainedJohntheresincetheyearbefore,sohethem.A.hadworked.knewB.hadworked.hadknownC.worked.knewD.worked.hadknownC.worked.knewD.worked.hadknownHeangrybecauseheforalongtime.A.hadgot.hadwaitedB.got.waitedC.hadgot.waitedD.got.hadwaited-Ihaveseenthefilm“Titanic”already.-Whenyouit？-Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.ha