考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourse.Usuallyitisleftto（1）todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,

（2）nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievementsofstudentswho

（3）timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLUSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly

（4）jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside（5）qualifications.

“Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunchbutwefoundthattheydidn't

（6）appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid（7）thelecturehall，”saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity.“Employersaremuchmore

（8）thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor（9）andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare（10）tothejob."

Studentswhosign（11）fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor（12）work,attendfourworkshopsonemployability-skill,takepartinanintensiveskill-relatedactivity,

（13）crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.

（14）effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho（15）bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPLUSAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.

Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe（16）

organized."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,'saysGoodman.“

（17）onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso（18）negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives.”

Goodmanhopesthe

（19）willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active

（20）

totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advisors

B.specialist

C.critics

D.employers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.but

C.unless

D.since

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.divide

B.devote

C.deliver

D.donate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.harmonious

B.competitive

C.resourceful

D.prosperous

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.technical

C.academic

D.interactive

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.dominantly

B.earnestly

C.necessarily

D.gracefully

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.outside

B.along

C.over

D.through

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.considerate

C.enlightening

D.demanding

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.initial

C.popularity

D.potential

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.relevant

B.responsive

C.reluctant

D.respective

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.off

C.away

D.up

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.elective

C.domestic

D.voluntary

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.thus

C.so

D.and

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Occasional

B.Exceptional

C.Informative

D.Relative

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.convey

C.circulate

D.formulate

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.roughly

B.randomly

C.formally

D.fortunately

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.Forinstance

B.Inessence

C.Incontrast

D.Ofcourse

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.demonstrated

B.determined

C.operated

D.involved

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.device

B.section

C.scheme

D.distraction

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.attendants

B.agents

C.members

D.peers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】（1）詞義辨析。advisors‘顧問，指導(dǎo)教授，勸告者；’specialist‘專家；’critics‘評(píng)論家；批評(píng)者；’employers‘雇主；’本文談?wù)摯髮W(xué)生課外實(shí)踐與就業(yè)的關(guān)系，根據(jù)空格后的關(guān)鍵部分“onagraduate'sresume在畢業(yè)生的簡(jiǎn)歷上”可知，D選項(xiàng)“雇主”正確。

（2）邏輯詞。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容‘長(zhǎng)期以來，有組織的志愿活動(dòng)和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)一直是大學(xué)學(xué)位課程的重要伴侶。通常情況下，由雇主從畢業(yè)生的簡(jiǎn)歷上列出的課外經(jīng)歷中推斷出他們的潛力，現(xiàn)在布里斯托爾大學(xué)推出了一項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以正式確定學(xué)生的成就?！?，以及關(guān)鍵詞“usually通?！焙汀皀ow現(xiàn)在"之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系，確定B項(xiàng)“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比正確。

（3）固定搭配。根據(jù)上下文語境，此處表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間干什么事”，且介詞to后面是名詞，B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成搭配“devote...to...把…用于…，投入….”，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）詞義辨析。harmonious‘和諧的，和睦的；協(xié)調(diào)的；’competitive‘競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的，有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的；’resourceful‘資源豐富的；足智多謀的；’prosperous‘繁榮的；興旺的；’此處句意是“BristolPLUS旨在通過幫助學(xué)生獲得工作和生活技能來增強(qiáng)他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)市場(chǎng)的……”，因此，根據(jù)語境可知，B項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的”正確。

（5）詞義辨析。artistic‘藝術(shù)的；風(fēng)雅的；有美感的；’technical‘工藝的，科技的；技術(shù)上的；’academic‘學(xué)術(shù)的；學(xué)院的；’interactive‘交互式的；相互作用的；’空格處修飾名詞qualifications“資格；合格證書”，而且與“workandlifeskills工作和生活技能”并列，所以C項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“academicqualifications學(xué)歷”符合搭配和語境。

（6）詞義辨析。dominantly‘有統(tǒng)治權(quán)地，支配地；’earnestly‘認(rèn)真地；誠摯地；’necessarily‘必要地；必定地，必然地；’gracefully‘優(yōu)雅地；溫文地；’空格后表示“appreciatethevalue重視價(jià)值”，空格處的副詞要修飾動(dòng)詞“appreciate欣賞；感激；看重”，C選項(xiàng)“必要地”搭配合適，正確。

（7）介詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文以及本句“theydidn'tnecessarilyappreciatethevalueofwhattheydid…thelecturehall.大學(xué)生們沒有必要地看重他們?cè)谥v堂……所做的事情的價(jià)值”可知，此處填入介詞表示“在……之外”，即A選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）詞義辨析。generous‘慷慨的，大方的；寬宏大量的；’considerate‘體貼的；體諒的；考慮周到的；’enlightening‘使人領(lǐng)悟的，有啟發(fā)作用的；’demanding‘苛刻的，要求高的；’根據(jù)后面兩句中關(guān)于過去和現(xiàn)在的狀況對(duì)比可知本句句意是‘現(xiàn)在比以前的要求更高一些，’D選項(xiàng)“要求高的；苛求的”正確。

（9）詞義辨析。origin‘起源；原點(diǎn)；’initial‘詞首大寫字母’popularity‘普及，流行；名氣；’potential‘潛力，潛能’根據(jù)后文“sawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills將其視為他們工作的一部分，以獲得申請(qǐng)人的技能價(jià)值”可知，it是指代前文空格處的內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“潛力”符合語境。

（10）詞義辨析題。relevant‘相關(guān)的；切題的；中肯的；’responsive‘響應(yīng)的；應(yīng)答的；’reluctant‘不情愿的；勉強(qiáng)的；’respective‘分別的，各自的；’根據(jù)上下文的語境，此處表達(dá)的是雇主希望學(xué)生們能夠解釋為什么那些技能與工作是相關(guān)的，所以A選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)的”正確。

（11）固定搭配?！皊ignupfor選課；報(bào)名參加”符合語境和搭配，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（12）詞義辨析。casual‘臨時(shí)的，非正式的，隨便的；’elective‘選修的，選任的；’domestic‘國內(nèi)的，家用的，家庭的；’voluntary‘自愿的；志愿的；自發(fā)的；’根據(jù)文章首句可知，此處是首句信息復(fù)現(xiàn)‘有組織的志愿活動(dòng)和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)’，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“crucially關(guān)鍵的是……”以及后文句意“寫一份他們所獲技能的簡(jiǎn)介”可知，此處前后的邏輯關(guān)系表示并列或遞進(jìn)，D選項(xiàng)符合語境。

（14）詞義辨析。Occasional‘偶然的，臨時(shí)的；’Exceptional‘優(yōu)越的；杰出的，例外的；’Informative‘提供有用信息的；教育性的；’Relative‘相對(duì)的；有關(guān)系的；’根據(jù)后文“OutstandingAchievementAward杰出成就獎(jiǎng)”可知，空格處修飾“efforts努力”最為合適的是B項(xiàng)“優(yōu)越的；杰出的”。

（15）詞義辨析。perform‘執(zhí)行；表現(xiàn)；完成；’convey‘傳達(dá)；運(yùn)輸；’circulate‘使循環(huán)；使流通；’formulate‘規(guī)劃；用公式表示；’此處表示“在體育方面做得很好的人”，A選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)，完成”正確。

（16）詞義辨析。roughly‘粗糙地；概略地；’randomly‘隨便地，任意地；’formally‘正規(guī)地，正式地；’fortunately‘幸運(yùn)地；’此處的副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“organized組織的”，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示“經(jīng)歷不一定要正式組織的活動(dòng)”，C選項(xiàng)“正規(guī)地，正式地；”符合。

（17）固定搭配。Forinstance‘例如，比如；’Inessence‘本質(zhì)上，大體上；’Incontrast‘與此相反；’ofcourse‘一定，當(dāng)然；’前一句說“We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills.我們不是只對(duì)能夠被簡(jiǎn)單確認(rèn)的（學(xué)生的）技能感興趣”，后一句談及‘一個(gè)學(xué)生不僅善于應(yīng)對(duì)一個(gè)麻煩的房東，而且也擅長(zhǎng)談判的技巧’，所以后文是對(duì)前文的例子體現(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）詞義辨析。demonstrated‘演示，展示；示范；’determined‘決定；斷定；’operated‘運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；動(dòng)手術(shù)；起作用；’involved‘包含；牽涉；使陷于；’空格處與“tooktheleadin...在……方面擅長(zhǎng)/領(lǐng)頭”并列，以及根據(jù)賓語“談判技巧”可知，A選項(xiàng)“展示；示范；表明”符合搭配，正確。

（19）詞義辨析。device‘裝置；策略；設(shè)備；’section‘部分；部門；地區(qū)；’scheme‘計(jì)劃，規(guī)劃；’distraction‘注意力分散；消遣；’根據(jù)后文“fillinanygaps填補(bǔ)空白”可知，空格處是指前文談及到的一些與生活相關(guān)的內(nèi)容等，所以C項(xiàng)“規(guī)劃”符合語境。

（20）詞義辨析。attendants‘服務(wù)員；侍者；’agents‘代理人，代理商；’members‘成員；會(huì)員；’peers‘同僚；同伴；’空格處對(duì)應(yīng)的是前文的“students學(xué)生”，所以D選項(xiàng)“同僚；同伴”符合語境。

2.單選題

Beforethemid-1860's,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedattheMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimal-drawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's.

Overconstantlyshrinkingroutes,coachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelate1860's,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainsCityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadBillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.Theprimaryreasonwasskepticismthatarailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdeserts,mountainsandsemiaridplainscouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadBill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.

1.Whydoestheauthorrefertotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860'sas“l(fā)imited”?

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroadexpanded?

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainparagraph2?

4.Whylittleconstructionwascompletedthoughthebillhadlongbeensigned?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepassengerspreferredwagonsandstagecoaches.

B.Becauseothermodesoftransportationhadtobeemployed.

C.Becausetheywereonlycenterforwaterbornetransportation.

D.Becausethetrackdidnottakedirectroutefromonecitytothenext.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.

D.Therewereinsufficienttrainedpeopletooperatethem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.

B.TogiveanexampleofobstaclesfacedbytheCentralPacific.

C.ToarguethatadirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.

D.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseofaworrythatlittlebenefitwouldbegained.

B.Becauseofaharsh,challengingandthinlysettledplain.

C.Becauseofachangeoftheplanowingtothehighcost.

D.Becauseofacontinuedrunningofcoachesandwagons

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whydoestheauthorrefertotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“l(fā)imited”?1.為什么作者說19世紀(jì)60年代以前鐵路的影響是“有限的”？

A.Becausepassengerspreferredwagonsandstagecoaches.A.因?yàn)槌丝蛡兏矚g馬車。

B.Becauseothermodesoftransportationhadtobeemployed.B.因?yàn)楸仨毷褂闷渌\(yùn)輸方式。

C.Becausetheywereonlycenterforwaterbornetransportation.C.因?yàn)樗鼈冎皇撬辖煌ǖ闹行摹?/p>

D.Becausethetrackdidnottakedirectroutefromonecitytothenext.D.因?yàn)殍F軌并沒有直接從一個(gè)城市到另一個(gè)城市。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段前兩句“在19世紀(jì)60年代中期之前，鐵路對(duì)美國的影響是有限的，從某種意義上說，鐵路的終點(diǎn)是密蘇里河，大約是國家的中心。這時(shí)，火車把貨物、郵件和乘客轉(zhuǎn)交給輪船、馬車和公共馬車。”，從中我們可以推斷出，19世紀(jì)60年代以前鐵路的影響是“有限的”，是因?yàn)楸仨氁褂闷渌\(yùn)輸方式。B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槌丝蛡兏矚g馬車”和D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殍F軌并沒有直接從一個(gè)城市到另一個(gè)城市”沒有提及，無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈冎皇撬辖煌ǖ闹行摹保@是蒸汽劃船和馬車運(yùn)輸?shù)绕渌\(yùn)輸方式成為鐵路運(yùn)輸補(bǔ)充的結(jié)果，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroadexpanded?2.隨著鐵路的擴(kuò)張，我們可以推斷出關(guān)于客車和馬車貨船的什么？

A.Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.A.他們開發(fā)了相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的路線。

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.B.他們的司機(jī)拒絕為鐵路工作。

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.C.他們開始專門從事私人投資。

D.Therewereinsufficienttrainedpeopletooperatethem.D.沒有足夠的訓(xùn)練有素的人員來操作它們。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“在不斷縮小的路線上，馬車和貨車?yán)^續(xù)在西部尚未鋪設(shè)鐵路的地方縱橫交錯(cuò)”，從中可知，隨著鐵路的擴(kuò)張，傳統(tǒng)的貨運(yùn)方式逐漸衰落，但是在火車線路不能到達(dá)的地方，他們?nèi)栽跀U(kuò)展相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的路線。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“他們的司機(jī)拒絕為鐵路工作”、C項(xiàng)“他們開始專門從事私人投資”和D項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的訓(xùn)練有素的人員來操作它們”沒有提及，無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainparagraph2?3.為什么作者在第2段中提到內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈？

A.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.A.指出發(fā)生嚴(yán)重火車事故的地點(diǎn)。

B.TogiveanexampleofobstaclesfacedbytheCentralPacific.B.舉一個(gè)中央太平洋鐵路公司面臨的障礙的例子。

C.ToarguethatadirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.C.爭(zhēng)辯說可以采取直接去西方的路線。

D.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.D.確定西部有歷史意義的山脈。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞SierraNevada定位到第二段的第二句“19世紀(jì)60年代末，重大變化已露端倪，在這一時(shí)期，太平洋聯(lián)合鐵路終于開始由位于中央平原的奧馬哈市向西擴(kuò)建，與中央太平洋鐵路匯合，中央太平洋從加利福尼亞經(jīng)過內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈的巨大障礙，向東挺進(jìn)”，從該句可以推斷，作者提到內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈是為了給中央太平洋鐵路公司面臨的障礙舉例，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“指出發(fā)生嚴(yán)重火車事故的地點(diǎn)”、C項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)辯說可以采取直接去西方的路線”和D項(xiàng)“確定西部有歷史意義的山脈”在該段沒有依據(jù)，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whylittleconstructionwascompletedthoughthebillhadlongbeensigned?4.為什么法案早就簽署了，卻有很少的建設(shè)已經(jīng)完工？

A.Becauseofaworrythatlittlebenefitwouldbegained.A.因?yàn)閾?dān)心不會(huì)有什么好處。

B.Becauseofaharsh,challengingandthinlysettledplain.B.因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)嚴(yán)酷的，具有挑戰(zhàn)性的和稀疏的平原。

C.Becauseofachangeoftheplanowingtothehighcost.C.因?yàn)槌杀咎?，?jì)劃改變了。

D.Becauseofacontinuedrunningofcoachesandwagons.D.因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)途汽車和馬車的持續(xù)運(yùn)行。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第三句“盡管亞伯拉罕?林肯總統(tǒng)在1862年簽署了最初的太平洋鐵路法案，并在1864年簽署了修訂版，在財(cái)政上更加慷慨，但直到1865年中太平洋鐵路和1866年聯(lián)合太平洋鐵路才完成了很少的建設(shè)”，結(jié)合下一句“主要原因是，人們懷疑修建一條穿越沙漠、山脈和半干旱平原的鐵路是否有利可圖（Theprimaryreasonwasskepticismthat…couldpayaprofit）”，理解可知，很少的建設(shè)已經(jīng)完工的原因是，人們懷疑沒有利益可圖，A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閾?dān)心不會(huì)有什么好處”符合這一分析。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)嚴(yán)酷的，具有挑戰(zhàn)性的和稀疏的平原”是人們懷疑是否有利可圖的原因，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槌杀咎?，?jì)劃改變了”和D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)途汽車和馬車的持續(xù)運(yùn)行”沒有提到，無中生有。

3.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amiable

B.obsolete

C.aggressive

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。amiable“和藹可親的,親切的”;obsolete“廢棄的,老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的,激進(jìn)的,有進(jìn)取心的”;harmonious“和諧的,和睦的”。句意:國際體育運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該在各國之間建立友好關(guān)系,但在現(xiàn)在的奧運(yùn)會(huì)組織中,某種程度上鼓勵(lì)了激進(jìn)的愛國主義。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

4.單選題

Men'sandwomen'sbrainsarenotonlydifferent,butthewayweusethemdifferstoo.Womenhavelargerconnectionsandmorefrequentinteractionbetweentheirbrain'sleftandrighthemispheres.Thisaccountsforwomen'sabilitytohavebetterverbalskillsandintuition.Men,ontheotherhand,havegreaterbrainhemisphereseparation,whichexplainstheirskillsforabstractreasoningandvisual-spatialintelligence.

Bothmenandwomentendtofollowtheirbiologicalprograms.Mentendtoretainafirmsenseofdirection:theyneedtotracethegame,catchit,andfindthewayhome,whilewomenhaveabetterperipheralvisionthathelpsthemtoseewhat'shappeningaroundthehouse,tospotallapproachingdanger,tonoticechangesinthechildren'sbehaviorandappearance.Men'sbrainsareprogrammedtohunting,whichexplainstheirnarrowrangeofvision,whilewomen'sbrainsareabletodecipherawiderrangeofinformation.

Whenenteringaroom,menlookforexits,estimatingapossiblethreat,andwaysofescape,whilewomenpayattentiontotheguests9facestofindoutwhotheyareandhowtheyfeel.Menareabletosortoutinformationandarchiveitintheirhead.Womentendto“rewind”theinformationoverandoveragain.Theonlywaytostopthinkingoftheproblemsistotalkitover.

Whenawomansharesherproblemswithaman,sheisnotlookingforsolutions:sheneedssomeonetolistentoher.

Menpreferstridentnoises,hardhandshakes,andredcolor.Theyarebetteratsolvingtechnicalproblems.Womenhaveasharperear;theyusemorewordswhiletalking,andarebetteratcompletingtasksindependently.

Basedonthesebiologicallyexplaineddifferences,somepsychologicaldistinctionsbetweenmenandwomencanbeestablished;Mengraspasituationasawholeandthinkglobally,whilewomenthinklocally,relyingondetailsandnuances;menaremoreindependentintheirthoughtsandactions,whilewomenaremorewillingtofollowtheideassuggestedbyothers.Womentendtocriticizethemselves,whilemenaremoresatisfiedwiththeirownperformance.Men'ssatisfactioncomefromcareerandprosperity,whilewomenvaluefamilyandkids;menhaveapronouncedneedtofulfilltheirgoals,andwomenrankrelationshipswithothersfirst.Womenenduepainandmonotonousworkbetterthanmen.

Alltheabovegetsevenmoreconfusing,ifwetakeintoaccountthat15to20%ofmenhappentohaveafemaletypeofbrains,andabout10%ofwomenhaveamaletypeofbrains,whichmeansthatsomepercentageofmenandwomennomatterhowsmallitseems,arepartiallyprogrammedtothebehaviorandwayofthinkingoftheoppositegender.

“Okay,Iunderstandtheproblem”youaresayingtoyourself,but“what'sthesolution”？Thatdependsonwhetheryouareawomanoraman.

1.Thispassagemainlydescribesthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenin（）

.

2.Whenawomannarratesherproblemstoaman,shewants（）

.

3.WhichofthefollowingmayreflecttheChinesesaying“女人心,海底針”？

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）

.

5.Whenamanhasasharpernaturalabilityofintuitionthanothermen,wewouldsaythathe（）

.

6.Whenwesay“womenthinklocally”itmeansthat（）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.physiology

B.sociology

C.psychology

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahelper

B.alistener

C.allanalyzer

D.problem-solver

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Women'sbrainsareabletodecipherawiderrangeofinformation.

B.Womenhavelargerconnectionsandmorefrequentinteractionbetweentheirbrain'sleftandrighthemispheres.

C.womenarebetteratcompletingtasksindependently.

D.womanattachgreaterimportancetorelationships.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menaremoredependentemotionally

B.womenarelessdependentemotionally

C.menarelessdependentinmakingdecisions

D.womenarelessconfidentthanmen

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isawomanasamatteroffact

B.isborntobeawoman

C.hasafemaletypeofbrains

D.hasamaletypeofbrains

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.womenareattractedmorebylocalaffairs

B.womennoticeonlythelocalaffairs

C.womenpaymoreattentiontodetails

D.womendon'tcareabouttheinternationalaffairs

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:C

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,第一二段主要是生理學(xué)的角度講述講述男女差異,第三四五段是社會(huì)學(xué)的角度,第六段是心理學(xué)的角度,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)第四段“Whenawomansharesherproblemswithaman,sheisnotlookingforsolutions:sheneedssomeonetolistentoher.”可知,當(dāng)女人在傾訴的時(shí)候,她需要的不是解決方案,而是一個(gè)傾聽者,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.“女人心,海底針”指女人想得比較多,心思難以琢磨。選項(xiàng)A“女性的大腦能夠解讀更廣泛的信息”說明女性心思細(xì)膩,想法多。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)都不是講女性心思細(xì)膩,想法多,所以排除。

4.根據(jù)原文可知,選項(xiàng)A和B在文中沒有提及,根據(jù)第六段“menaremoreindependentintheirthoughtsandactions,whilewomenaremorewillingtofollowtheideassuggestedbyothers.”男人在思想和行動(dòng)上更獨(dú)立,而女人更愿意聽從別人的建議。說明男性在做決定時(shí)更獨(dú)立,選項(xiàng)C正確；第六段提及女人喜歡批評(píng)自己,而男人對(duì)自己的表現(xiàn)更滿意,并不能說明女人不如男人自信,所以排除。

5.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,15-20%的男性有著女性思維方式的大腦,而10%的女性有著男性思維方式的大腦,他們的思維方式和行為與異性一致。根據(jù)題意,當(dāng)一個(gè)男人比其他男人有更敏銳的直覺能力,我們說她有著女性思維方式的大腦,因?yàn)橐话闩员饶行缘闹庇X要更加敏銳,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.根據(jù)第六段“Mengraspasituationasawholeandthinkglobally,whilewomenthinklocally,relyingondetailsandnuance...”男性從整體上把握形勢(shì),放眼全球；而女性則從局部出發(fā),依靠細(xì)節(jié)和細(xì)微差別進(jìn)行思考。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.單選題

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.

Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.

（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecovered

withahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.

（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

（5）.

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminera