考研考博-英語-寶雞職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寶雞職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theaccusationswebringagainstothersshouldbe（）ourselves;weshouldnotcomplacencyandeasyjudgmentsonourpartconcerningourownmoralconduct.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.denigrationof…exclude

B.instructionsto...equate

C.parodiesof...satirize

D.warningsto...justify

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。denigrationof“低毀”；exclude“排除”；instructions“指令，說明”；equate“使相等”；parodiesof“效仿”；satirize“諷刺，挖苦”；warningsto“警告”；justify“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹薄＞湟猓何覀儗?duì)他人的指責(zé)應(yīng)該是對(duì)自己的一種警告；我們不應(yīng)該自滿，也不應(yīng)該對(duì)我們自己的道德行為輕易地做出判斷。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。insurance“保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”；security“安全，保證”；assurance“保證，擔(dān)保，確信”；safety“安全，保險(xiǎn)”。句意：這個(gè)小男孩自信地回答了我所有的問題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（）hope.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eternal

B.everlasting

C.ceaseless

D.infinite

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。句意:全國(guó)各地新油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)使政府充滿了無限的希望。eternal“永恒的,不朽的”;everlasting“永恒的,接連不斷的”;ceaseless“不間斷的;無休止的”;infinite“無限的;極大的”。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

4.單選題

Theremovalofthetopsoilmayeliminatemostofthecontaminationofthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevent

B.dealwith

C.overcome

D.getridof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevent“防止”；B選項(xiàng)dealwith“處理”；C選項(xiàng)overcome“克服”；D選項(xiàng)getridof“除去”。句意：除去表土可以消除該地區(qū)的大部分污染。劃線部分eliminate是消除的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B選項(xiàng)active“積極的；活躍的”；C選項(xiàng)substantial“大量的；實(shí)質(zhì)的”；D選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的，可能的”。句意:工業(yè)區(qū)應(yīng)該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但要足夠遠(yuǎn)，以減少潛在的危險(xiǎn)。所選之詞應(yīng)修飾hazards(危險(xiǎn))，而且其意應(yīng)為“潛在的或可能發(fā)生的”危險(xiǎn)。故選D。

6.單選題

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查時(shí)間副詞（短語）。Justwhen正當(dāng)；While當(dāng)……時(shí)；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根據(jù)上下文判斷，事件發(fā)生在前，報(bào)紙報(bào)道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分詞辨析?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，報(bào)紙報(bào)道事件細(xì)節(jié)是主動(dòng)的，所以用giving。

3.

考查關(guān)系代詞。Wherever無論哪里，表地點(diǎn)；Whatever無論什么；However不管怎樣；Whichever無論哪一個(gè)；由后一句onthespot（當(dāng)場(chǎng)）可推斷出應(yīng)選地點(diǎn)狀語wherever。

4.考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem問題；purpose目的。由動(dòng)詞不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，選項(xiàng)D符合要求。

5.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。make使，讓；publish出版；know知道，了解；write寫。句意：新聞發(fā)生的源頭或是從那些將新聞制作并散播人處獲得，并傳播給那些想要了解新聞的人們。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.

考查代詞辨析。another另一個(gè)；oneanother彼此，互相；theother兩者中的另一個(gè)；other“其他的”，其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。句意：收音機(jī)、電報(bào)、電視以及其他發(fā)明。

7.

考查邏輯連接詞。However然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表結(jié)果。根據(jù)上下文，句子間邏輯判斷為轉(zhuǎn)折。選項(xiàng)中的however意為“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名詞辨析。value價(jià)值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他們快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式來提高速度。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spread傳播；passed傳遞，通過；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的報(bào)紙被印刷并且被閱讀。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既可指人又可指物，branchoutinto“拓展”，只能用于指人。句意：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也使得報(bào)紙拓展到很多其他領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.

考查名詞辨析。matters“當(dāng)前狀況”；affairs“公共事務(wù)及安全事務(wù)”；things“事情”一般用于口語中；events“重大，重要事件”。句意：政治事件以及其他重要且嚴(yán)肅的事件。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.

考查介詞辨析。on在……之上；through通過……；with和……；of屬于……的。句意：報(bào)紙通過廣告影響人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。through做方式狀語，表示“通過，憑借”，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.

考查名詞辨析。form“形式”；existence“存在”；content“內(nèi)容”；purpose“目的”。句意：報(bào)紙是依賴廣告生存的，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.

考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。triestocover試圖支付；managestocover打算支付；failstocover無法支付；succeedsincovering成功支付。根據(jù)后面even“甚至”這個(gè)語氣可判斷出此處為否定意義，只有failstocover表否定，意為“無法支付”。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.

考查固定搭配。thesourceofincome為固定搭配，意為“收入來源”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.

考查名詞辨析。way方式，道路；means錢財(cái)，財(cái)富；chance機(jī)會(huì)；success成功。根據(jù)上下文語義，句意：出售版面廣告所賺的錢依賴于報(bào)紙對(duì)廣告商的價(jià)值。means意為“錢財(cái)，財(cái)富”，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.

考查時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。整個(gè)文章時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)且此句中應(yīng)用被動(dòng)，報(bào)紙價(jià)值是“被估量”，選項(xiàng)C符合要求。

18.

考查副詞辨析。somewhat有點(diǎn)，稍微；little少量，一丁點(diǎn)；much多，大量；something某事。句意：發(fā)行部的工作對(duì)于報(bào)紙的發(fā)行至關(guān)重要。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.

考查時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意：刊印在報(bào)紙版面上的娛樂和服務(wù)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)且表示將來，選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.

考查固定搭配。by通過；憑借；with和……；at在……；about關(guān)于……。atthecommunity意為“在社區(qū)內(nèi)”，為固定用法。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thereexistsomeproposals,likecreatingaseriesoflasersthatwouldsweepthetrashbackintoouratmosphere,whereitwouldmostlybumup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.particles

B.garbage

C.dust

D.ashes

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.particles顆粒，微粒B.garbage垃圾；廢物

C.dust沙土，塵土；灰塵D.ashes灰燼

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】trash的意思為“廢物，垃圾”，這里指把垃圾掃到大氣層，garbage與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】有人提出了一些建議，比如制造一系列激光，把垃圾掃回來，掃到我們的大氣層，大部分垃圾在大氣層都會(huì)燃燒。

8.單選題

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)escape“逃脫，避免”；B選項(xiàng)peril“危及，置...于險(xiǎn)境”；C選項(xiàng)melt“融化”；D選項(xiàng)vanish“消失，突然不見”。句意：小偷跑進(jìn)人群中，然后從視線中消失不見了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國(guó)53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項(xiàng)“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊母改肝鼰煛泵黠@錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒有意識(shí)到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因?yàn)樗麄兾胗卸镜臒煛?，故A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)原文沒有提及，C選項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)第二段第三句“甚至非吸煙者身體內(nèi)有過量的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)”可以排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求找出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“非吸煙者也許會(huì)被動(dòng)吸入二手煙”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可判斷正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知非吸煙者可能死于二手煙，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些非吸煙者可能因?yàn)槲譄煻烙诜伟闭_；根據(jù)第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C選項(xiàng)“我們都多多少少遭受二手煙的痛苦”正確；D選項(xiàng)“二手煙比抽煙本身傷害更大”在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。因此本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)不是二手煙對(duì)孩子的消極影響。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，這些孩子比家里沒有人吸煙的更容易生病，故A選項(xiàng)正確，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三句可知，C選項(xiàng)“孩子們長(zhǎng)大了也會(huì)受二手煙的影響”正確，可排除。根據(jù)原文最后一句“父母吸煙的孩子長(zhǎng)大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸煙的孩子的兩倍多”可知，D選項(xiàng)“一些非吸煙者可能由于二手煙死于肺癌”正確，可排除。故本題正確答案為B。

5.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷以下那種孩子受二手煙的傷害最大。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽煙的孩子患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”。A選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在無人抽煙的家庭的孩子”；B選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父親或母親一方抽煙的家庭的孩子”；C選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父母都抽煙的家庭的孩子”；D選項(xiàng)“5歲以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。analyze“分析，解釋”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批評(píng)”；assign“分派，選派，分配”；根據(jù)句意‘船長(zhǎng)經(jīng)常將任務(wù)（

）下屬，以便自己有時(shí)間去做更重要的工作。’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disaster“災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍；不幸”；B選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論”；C選項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗；對(duì)峙”；D選項(xiàng)aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會(huì)看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項(xiàng)disaster（災(zāi)難）不能形容兩個(gè)國(guó)家的分歧。B選項(xiàng)controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項(xiàng)aggression（侵犯），這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的侵略。C選項(xiàng)confrontation（對(duì)峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Australianresearchershavediscoveredelectroreceptors(sensoryorgansdesignedtorespondtoelectricalfields)clusteredatthetipofthespinyanteater’ssnout.Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowntoexciteelectroreceptors.

Havingdiscoveredtheelectroreceptor,researchersarenowinvestigatinghowanteatersutilizesuchasophisticatedsensorysystem.Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey;however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.Still,researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicthatdistinguisheselectroreceptorsfromtactilereceptors?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheexperimentdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

3.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablydiscussesthefunctionoftatilereceptors(lines6—9)inorderto（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutanteatersfromthebehavioralexperimentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheresearchersmentionedinthesecondparagraphwhoobservedanteatersbreakintoanestofantswouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

6.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthenthehypothesismentionedinlines15—16?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themannerinwhichelectroreceptorsrespondtoelectricalstimuli.

B.Thetendencyofelectroreceptorstobefoundinclusters.

C.Theunusuallocationsinwhichelectroreceptorsarefoundinmostspecies.

D.Theamountofelectricalstimulationrequiredtoexciteelectroreceptors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Researchershaddifficultyverifyingtheexistenceofelectroreceptorsintheanteaterbecauseelectroreceptorsrespondtosuchanarrowrangeofelectricalfieldstrengths.

B.Researchersfoundthatthelevelofnervousactivityintheanteater9sbrainincreaseddramaticallyasthestrengthoftheelectricalstimuluswasincreased.

C.Researchersfoundthatsomeareasoftheanteater’ssnoutwerenotsensitivetoaweakelectricalstimulus.

D.Researchersfoundthattheanteater’stactilereceptorsweremoreeasilyexcitedbyastrongelectricalstimulusthanweretheelectroreceptors.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateandalternativeexplanationofanteaters’responsetoelectricalstimuli

B.highlightatypeofsensoryorganthathasafunctionidenticaltothatofelectroreceptors

C.pointoutaseriouscomplicationittheresearchonelectroreceptorsinanteaters

D.suggestthattactilereceptorsassistelectroreceptorsinthedetectionofelectricalsignals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareunabletodistinguishbetweenstimulidetectedbytheirelectroreceptorsandstimulidetectedbytheirtactilereceptors.

B.Theyareunabletodistinguishbetweentheelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemoundsandthoseemanatingfromantnests.

C.Theycanbetrainedtorecognizeconsistentlythepresenceofaparticularstimulus.

D.Theyreactmorereadilytostrongthantoweakstimuli.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeventtheyobservedwasatypicalandmaynotreflecttheusualhuntingpracticesofanteaters.

B.Itislikelythattheanteaterslocatedtheants’nestingchamberswithouttheassistanceofelectroreceptors.

C.Anteaterspossessaverysimplesensorysystemforusinlocatingprey.

D.Thespeedwithwhichtheanteaterslocatedtheirpreyisgreaterthanwhatmightbeexpectedonthebasisofchancealone.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersareabletotrainanteaterstobreakintoanundergroundchamberthatisemittingastrongelectricalsignal.

B.Researchersareabletodetectaweakelectricalsignalemanatingfromthenestingchamberofanantcolony.

C.Anteatersareobservedtakingincreasinglylongeramountsoftimetolocatethenestingchambersofants.

D.Anteatersareobservedusingvariousanglestobreakintonestsofants.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一段“Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowtoexciteelectroreceptor.雖然觸覺感受器(食蟻獸鼻子上的另一種感覺器官)確實(shí)也能對(duì)電刺激做出反應(yīng)，但這種感受器只能對(duì)電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度做出反應(yīng)，而電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度大約是已知的激發(fā)電感受器的1000倍。”由此可知electroreceptor是需要聚集電子刺激物來刺激它，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。而觸覺感受器需要的電子刺激強(qiáng)度要比電子感受器的刺激強(qiáng)度高出大概1,000倍。因此，他們的區(qū)別在于刺激物的數(shù)量上。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theresearchersmadethisdiscoverybyexposingsmallareasofthesnouttoextremelyweakelectricalfieldsandrecordingthetransmissionofresultingnervousactivitytothebrain.研究人員將鼻子的小區(qū)域暴露在極弱的電場(chǎng)下，并記錄下由此產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)傳遞到大腦的過程，從而得出了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)?！笨茖W(xué)家們做了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了電感受器。由于觸覺感受器需要有比電子感受器的刺激強(qiáng)度要多得多。由此推斷食蟻獸的鼻部對(duì)弱電信號(hào)的刺激并不敏感，否則就發(fā)現(xiàn)不了電感受器。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位至文章第一段最后一句“Whileitistruethattactilereceptors,anotherkindofsensoryorganontheanteater’ssnout,canalsorespondtoelectricalstimuli,suchreceptorsdosoonlyinresponsetoelectricalfieldstrengthsabout1,000timesgreaterthanthoseknowtoexciteelectroreceptor.”即盡管食蟻獸鼻部的另一個(gè)感應(yīng)器官觸覺感受器，也能對(duì)電子刺激物做出反應(yīng)，但是它需要的刺激強(qiáng)度是電子感受器的刺激強(qiáng)度的1000倍。這里是否定食蟻獸的觸覺感受器也能對(duì)電子刺激物做出反應(yīng)，并解釋道只有激強(qiáng)度達(dá)到一定強(qiáng)度才能做出反應(yīng)。所以A選項(xiàng)‘排除和替代解釋食蟻獸對(duì)電刺激的反應(yīng)’符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inonebehavioralexperiment,researcherssuccessfullytrainedananteatertodistinguishbetweentwotroughsofwater,onewithaweakelectricalfieldandtheotherwithnone.在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，科學(xué)家們成功地訓(xùn)練食蟻獸分辨兩個(gè)槽溝的水，這兩個(gè)槽溝的水一個(gè)是帶有弱電磁場(chǎng)的，而另一個(gè)卻沒有?！蓖茰y(cè)可知，食蟻獸是能被訓(xùn)練意識(shí)到特定刺激物的存在的。所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。第二段作者指出“researchershaveobservedanteatersbreakingintoanestofantsatanobliqueangleandquicklylocatingnestingchambers.Thisabilityquicklytolocateunseenpreysuggests,accordingtotheresearchers,thattheanteaterswereusingtheirelectroreceptortolocatethenestingchambers.即科學(xué)家觀察到食蟻獸闖入到斜坡上的蟻群并且迅速找到蟻穴。他們認(rèn)為食蟻獸能夠迅速找到看不見的獵物表明食蟻獸是利用了電感受器來定位蟻穴的。所以D選項(xiàng)‘食蟻獸定位獵物的速度比僅憑偶然性就能預(yù)測(cè)到的要快?！项}意。

6.推理判斷題。由題干迅速定位至第二段第三句“Suchevidenceisconsistentwithresearcher’shypothesisthatanteatersuseelectroreceptortodetectelectricalsignalsgivenoffbyprey,however,researchersasyethavebeenunabletodetectelectricalsignalsemanatingfromtermitemounds,wherethefavoritefoodofanteaterslive.這些證據(jù)與研究人員的假設(shè)相一致，即食蟻獸使用電感受器來探測(cè)獵物發(fā)出的電信號(hào)。然而，研究人員至今還無法探測(cè)到食蟻獸最喜愛的食物——白蟻丘發(fā)出的電信號(hào)。”因此推斷，如果科學(xué)家能夠探測(cè)出白蟻穴發(fā)出的信號(hào)，那么該假設(shè)就更能成立。所以B選項(xiàng)‘研究人員能夠探測(cè)到來自蟻群巢穴的微弱電信號(hào)?！项}意。

13.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociation