考研考博-英語-懷化學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-懷化學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

（

）foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問題1選項

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣倒裝。當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were、should、had時，if可省略，而將were、should、had等詞置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：如果沒有你的幫助，我們永遠也無法克服這些困難。

2.單選題

Hardy’sweakness（）hisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsoftheseimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.

問題1選項

A.layin

B.gaveriseto

C.shedlighton

D.derivedfrom

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。liein“躺在”；giveriseto“引起”；shedlighton“使清楚地顯出；derivefrom“源自”。句意：哈代的缺點一方面源于沒有能力控制好各種不同的創(chuàng)作沖動，另一方面源于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和保持那些充滿活力和冒險的想法。選項D符合題意。

3.不定項選擇題

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰膽堿),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

問題2選項

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

問題3選項

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

問題4選項

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

問題5選項

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

問題6選項

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.（……雖然我們的腦細胞會在晚年萎縮，但是并不會出現(xiàn)大量死亡的現(xiàn)象）從這句可知腦細胞不會很快速地死亡，也不是不會死亡只是小范圍地死亡，所以A選項“我們的腦細胞會很快的死亡”和B選項“我們的腦細胞完全不會死亡”錯誤；D選項“我們的腦細胞帶走珍貴的會議”不符合邏輯，因為是腦細胞的死亡才會造成記憶缺失并不是腦細胞帶走我們的記憶。萎縮的細胞會要比普通細胞小。所以答案是C選項“我們的腦細胞可能會變小”。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。從題干定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二三句話Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（大腦的“軟件”——一生中裝滿了大腦的實際信息——并不一定會退化。如果要說有什么的話，那就是它（腦細胞）變得更加復雜了）從這句話可知儲存著大腦信息的“軟件”不會退化，所以“軟件”里面的信息也不會輕易丟失，A選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候容易忘記”；B選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候也不會改變”C選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候容易磨損”錯誤；D選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候會變得復雜”正確。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段前面三句話it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（主要是大腦的“硬件”——數(shù)十億充當處理設備的像電話線一樣的連接和繼電器開關（的細胞）——很容易隨著年齡的增長而磨損。大腦的“軟件”——在一生中裝滿了大腦的實際信息——并不一定會退化。如果要說有什么的話，那就是它（腦細胞）變得更加復雜了。）隨著年齡的增長腦細胞里儲藏的信息變得復雜了，但是處理信息的細胞卻隨著年齡的增長老化，這一現(xiàn)象就很像一臺舊電腦運行著最新的軟件，所以A選項“當人們變老之后，我們大腦的工作會如同一臺舊電腦般運行得緩慢”正確。B選項“人類像電腦一樣聰明”，這個說法不符合我們生活邏輯；C選項“我們大腦結(jié)構(gòu)非常復雜”和D選項“大量信息可以儲存在我們腦海中”文章沒有提及。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.（鮑威爾和其他生物學家說，當腦力達到頂峰時，記憶力并不是最先消失的。（最先消失的）通常是大腦理解空間關系的能力——看地圖或在商場里找到你的車——在你40多歲的時候，這可能開始變得困難。）從beginto（開始）這個關鍵詞可知40歲的時候，我們的大腦開始走下坡路了，所以40歲時，我們大腦就處于巔峰狀態(tài)，因而答案選B。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句話Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.（十年后，進行類比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。）分析兩件事的異同需要我們的抽象邏輯能力，所以B選項“我們解釋某兩件事的相似之處開始變得困難”正確，定位到最后一段第一句話Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.（然而，即使是“普通的”失憶也不應該被視為正常。它是可以治療的。）失憶不是正常現(xiàn)象而且是可以治愈的，而A選項“我們開始忘記把東西放哪了”，C選項“我們開始忘記別人告訴我們的信息”，D選項“我們開始忘記怎么操作機械了”，這些都是關于失憶的現(xiàn)象的，所以A，C，D不選。

第6題:主旨大意題。文章全文都是在客觀地描述我們腦細胞隨著年齡的增長會出現(xiàn)什么情況，沒有告訴我們應該去什么措施，所以A選項“怎么在老年的時候保持記憶”，以及D選項“怎樣保持機警”不選。B選項“當我們老了，記憶排在第一位”雖然文中有提及，但是不是主題，而且這句話和文章內(nèi)容相對的，所以排除。文章內(nèi)容是根據(jù)記憶來展開的，第一段以人們的錯覺開頭，然后介紹了生物學家相關的實驗驗證腦細胞和記憶的關系，然后描述隨著年齡的增長，記憶出現(xiàn)什么樣的情況，所以答案選C選項“探尋我們記憶之謎”。

4.單選題

Ifwedonotadopturgentmeasures,manyspecieswillbe（）inthenearfuture.

問題1選項

A.distinguished

B.extinguished

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；extinguished“熄滅的”；distinct“明顯的”，形容詞；extinct“滅絕的”。句子的主語是“物種”，因此選項D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.

1.Uponlearningofthisculturalpreference,Hallmarkreactedquickly.EventhoughChineseandJapanesedescendantsofRomeoandJulietarenowabletobuygreetingcardsintheirnativelanguage,HallmarkhasmadesurethesupplyofgreetingcardsinEnglishisplentiful.Thus,theircustomerscanachievebothadisplayoftheirhipcosmopolitanflair,whilealsosendingtheirsweetiethatall-importantmessageofloveatthesametime.

2.Englishasalinguafrancaisnothingmorethanausefultool:itisa“l(fā)anguageforcommunication”,amediumthatisgivensubstancewiththedifferentnational,regional,localandindividualculturalidentitiesitsspeakersbringtoit.Englishitselfdoesnotcarrysuchidentities,anditisnota“l(fā)anguageforidentification”.AndbecauseofthevarietyoffunctionalusesofglobalEnglish,Englishhasalsoagreatpotentialforpromotinginternationalunderstanding.Itsdifferentspeakersmustalwaysworkoutacommonbehaviouralandinterculturalbasis.

【答案】1.在了解到這一文化偏好之后，霍爾馬克公司快速做出了反應。盡管“羅密歐與朱麗葉”的中國和日本后裔現(xiàn)在都能買到母語賀卡，但霍爾馬克公司同時確保了英語賀卡的供應充足。這樣，他們的顧客既可以展示他們時尚的世界性眼光，同時也可以向他們的愛人傳達最重要的愛的信息。

2.作為一種通用語，英語只不過是一種有用的工具:它是一種“交流的語言”，是一種由其使用者賦予了不同民族、地區(qū)、地方和個人文化特色的物質(zhì)媒體。英語本身并沒有這種身份，它也不是一種“身份識別語言”。而且，由于全球英語功能用法的多樣性，英語在促進國際理解方面也具有巨大潛力。不同的使用者必須始終制定出一個共同的行為和跨文化基礎。

6.單選題

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

問題1選項

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

問題2選項

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.Carnegie

問題3選項

A.HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.

B.Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.

C.Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.

D.Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.

問題4選項

A.togainprofitfromthegod

B.togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision

C.togainforeknowledge

D.togainobjectiveconclusion

問題5選項

A.Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.

B.Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.

C.ContactwithGod.

D.Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（這看起來像一個典型的商務會議。六名身穿白襯衫、打著領帶的男子魚貫進入雅加達一家小公司的會議室，在一張長桌旁坐下。但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）由此得知在印尼，商人們經(jīng)營公司的方式很獨特，結(jié)合第三段BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.（商人Hadisiko說，他的團隊每周四都要禁食冥想一整夜，以便更接近上帝，與過去偉人的靈魂接觸?！叭绻覀兿肫刚埞芾韺拥娜耍覀儠黄鹚伎?，通常會得到這樣的信息：這個人守不住錢，或者他不值得信任）可以推測出印尼的商人做生意最重要的因素是冥想，選C選項“冥想”；A選項“神秘主義”，B選項“宗教”以及D選項“投資”都不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“consult”定位到第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知選A選項“古爪哇國王的靈魂”；B選項“WaliUllah”，C選項“老國王”以及D選項“卡耐基”皆不符合原文。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Hadisiko”定位到原文第三段Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.（接著他匆忙補充說他的公司也采用現(xiàn)代人事管理系統(tǒng)，即要考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷）可知選B選項“表明他們也關注資質(zhì)”；A選項“他認為神秘主義不像預期的那么好”，C選項“顯示他們雇用了合格的人”以及D選項“展示科學管理與宗教結(jié)合的可能性”皆不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第一段Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.（其中一名冥想者說，他每周的冥想課程主要是為了帶來心靈的平靜，從而做出好的決定），以及第三段Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition…”（遠景的投資也是通過神秘的沉思加以考慮。“有著放松和開放的頭腦，易于客觀地判斷新投資的風險。沉思和與過去領袖的接觸會使你的洞察力和感官變得敏銳……”）可以推測出冥想的功能是讓人變得平靜，以至做出更好的決定，選B選項“得到冷靜頭腦來決策”；A選項“從神那里獲得利益”，C選項“獲得預知”和D選項“獲得客觀結(jié)論”和原文不符。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”定位到第三段Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.（神秘冥想幫助扭轉(zhuǎn)了他的公司在1980年中期經(jīng)歷的業(yè)務下滑的局勢。按照正常的業(yè)務流程，他僅在那一年就損失了300多萬美元），結(jié)合第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知“正常業(yè)務流程操作”應表示不冥想不禁食，選B選項“沒有沉思和齋戒的常規(guī)做生意”；A選項“采用西方經(jīng)營方式”屬于過度推測，原文并沒有明確表示該觀點；C選項“與上帝接觸”，D選項“把合適的人放在合適的崗位上”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Freshwaterisafiniteandvulnerableresource,essentialtosustainlife,developmentandtheenvironment.

問題1選項

A.likelytofail

B.likelytoaccumulate

C.likelytoimprove

D.likelytoenhance

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項likelytofail“可能會失敗”；B選項likelytoaccumulate“可能會積累”；C選項likelytoimprove“可能會改善”；D選項likelytoenhance“可能會提高”。句意：淡水是有限和____的資源，對維持生命、發(fā)展和環(huán)境至關重要。根據(jù)句意，該詞形容的是“淡水資源”，說明淡水的特性，A選項最符合語境，原文vulnerable“易受傷害的；脆弱的”。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

8.單選題

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

問題2選項

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

問題3選項

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

問題4選項

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

問題5選項

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（沒有一種簡單或快速的方法可以清除這些氣體并恢復到早期的氣候模式）可知選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（為了立即穩(wěn)定大氣的成分，我們必須每年減少約40億噸的碳排放?，F(xiàn)在要做到這一點，就必須同時減少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多數(shù)工業(yè)化國家的領導人原則上同意恢復到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D選項“大多數(shù)國家承諾將其二氧化碳排放量削減到早先的水平”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我們知道，植物和動物這些物種一起使地球作為一個適合所有人的棲息地發(fā)揮作用。我們還知道，人類活動正在減少地球上物種的數(shù)量，以及可供它們使用的土地和水資源）可知D選項“人類和其他物種的生存息息相關”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了全球變暖的問題以及需要采取的措施，因此B選項“防止全球變暖”符合題意。

9.單選題

Herman'ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto（）planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.

問題1選項

A.formulate

B.fulfil

C.approve

D.flourish

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.formulate制訂；規(guī)劃B.fulfil實現(xiàn)（夢想），履行（職責，義務等）

C.approve贊成，同意D.flourish繁榮，昌盛

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他______計劃的能力”，結(jié)合選項詞義可知，空格處表示“制定”符合句意，所以該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他制定計劃的能力，這使工作有效地完成。

10.單選題

Afterdeliberatingforsevenhours,thejuryreachedamajority________of10to3infavorofthedefendant.

問題1選項

A.declaration

B.conclusion

C.opinion

D.verdict

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“declaration”，意為“公告；宣告；申報（單）”；B選項“conclusion”，意為“結(jié)論；結(jié)局；推論”；C選項“opinion”，意為“意見；想法；（群體的）觀點，信仰”；D選項“verdict”，意為“（陪審團的）裁定，裁決，裁斷”。句意：經(jīng)過7個小時的商議，陪審團以10比3的多數(shù)__裁定__被告勝訴。本句表示“由陪審員經(jīng)過商議后得出的結(jié)論，所以應該是裁定、裁決”。因此D選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Mycenaestrandsonahillskirtedbytwodeepravines.Thesiteisanaturalstrongpoint,dominatingtheplainofArgos.Itwasfirstoccupiedabout3000B.C.,andanewsettlementwasmadeabout2000B.C.,whichisgenerallybelievedtobethetimewhenGreekspeakersarrivedinGreece.Thereisclearevidenceforasuddenincreaseintheimportanceandprosperityofthissettlementabout1600B.C.,twogravecircleshavebeenfound,oneinsidethelaterwallsandcontainingsixshaftgraves,excavatedbySchliemanninthe1870’s,theotherratherearlierindate,outsidethewalls,discoveredin1950.Thesegravescontainedamassofgoldandotherpreciousobjectsofgreatbeauty,includingimportfromMinoanCreteandEgypt.

ThepowerandwealthofMycenaeincreasedrapidly.TherewassoonauniformcultureinmainlandGreece,stretchingfromThessalyinthenorthtothesouthofthePeloponnesus,withpalacesatThebes,Athens,Mycenae,Tiryns,andPylosandprobablyatothersitesnotyetdiscovered.Althoughthepalacesweretheadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,itseemlikelythatMycenaewastheleading,ifnotthedominated,kingdom.From1500B.C.,thekingsofMycenaewereburiedinmassivestonetombsoutsidethewalls,ofwhichthelargest,theso-calledTreasuryofAtreus,isamagnificentarchitecturalachievement.About1450B.C.theAchaeans,astheGreeksoftheMycenaeanperiodwerecalled,invadedCreteanddestroyedalltheMinoanpalacesexceptKnossos,whichtheyoccupied.SucceedingtoandmadesettlementsontheislandsandinAsiaMinor.ThezenithofMycenaeanpowerandprosperitywasintheearlythirteenthcentury;inthisperiodwerebuiltthewalls,someofwhichstillstand,andtheliongate.Byabout1250B.C.,whenthedefenseswererenewedandimproved,thereisevidenceofdestructionoutsidethewalls.Tradedeclined;aperiodofupheavalanddeteriorationhadbegun.TheTrojanWaristhoughttohaveoccurredaboutthistime.ThetraditionaldateforthefallofTroyis1184B.C.,buttheAme