2019高中高考英語一輪達(dá)標(biāo)Unit2Cloning練題含解析新人教本選修8

2021高中高考英語一輪達(dá)標(biāo)Unit2Cloning練題含分析新人教版本選修82021高中高考英語一輪達(dá)標(biāo)Unit2Cloning練題含分析新人教版本選修82021高中高考英語一輪達(dá)標(biāo)Unit2Cloning練題含分析新人教版本選修8Unit2Cloning李仕才一、閱讀理解。Ifyou'remakingdeterminationforahealthiernewyear,consideragutmakeover(腸道清理)．Changingyourmicrobecommunity(微生物群)however,maynotbeeasy，andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.That'sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemicrobecommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza，forexample，itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobecommunity.“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobecommunitythatencountersthatfood，〞saidDrJeffreyGordon，theseniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalcomponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout，〞hesaid，“notjusttheoutsidein.〞Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividualswithdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireatingscientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans，transplantedthemintomicebredundergerm-freeconditions，andthenfedthemiceeitherAmerican-styleorplant-baseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchangesinthemice'smicrobecommunities.Ofinterest，thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofollowedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet，consumingabout3000caloriesaday，highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedcheeseandlunchothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhowerecalorie-restricted.Theyatelessthan1800caloriesadayandhadcarefullytrackedwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears，stickingtoamostlyplant-baseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheothergroup，athirdfewercarbohydrates(碳水化合物)andonlyhalfthefat.Thiscalorie-restrictedgroup，theresearchersfound，hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobecommunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypicalAmericandiet.Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof“good〞bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplant-based“Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermicrobecommunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit，vegetables，wholegrains，andnutsorseeds，〞saidMeghanJardine，adietitianwhowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudybuthaspublishedarticlesonpromotinghealthymicrobecommunities.Sheurgespeopletoaimfor40to50gramsoffiberdaily，wellabovelevelsrecommendedbymostdietaryguidelines.．Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?．Changingmicrobiomeisfairlyeasy.．Ecosystemingutisshapedbycarbohydrates.．Nutritionalcomponentsaredeterminedbyfoodintake.．Astohealthydiets，microbecommunityshapedbyvegetablesandfruitrespondmorequicklythanthatshapedbyjunkfood.．WhatcanwelearnaboutMeghanJardine?．Shesuggestseatingaslittleaspossible.．Sheattachesgreatimportancetofiber.．Sheisoneoftheresearchersofthecurrentstudy.．Sheadvocatesconsumingmoremeatindailylife.．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardgutmakeover?．Concerned.．Opposed.．Indifferent.D．Nervous.．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?．Microbecommunityinourgut．Agutmakeoverforthenewyear．Dietaryguidelinesfordailydiets．Thebestwaytowardsahealthiermicrobecommunity【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清理腸道的原由及詳細(xì)做法。長(zhǎng)難句分析：Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof“good〞bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplant-baseddiet.(第四段最后一句)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。knowntopromotehealth是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾bacteria；that指引的是定語從句，修飾先行詞bacteria。譯文：它們還攜帶好幾種能促使健康的有利菌，這些有利菌是他們吃的素食中特有的。詞匯累積：determinationnestablishvabsorbvcomponentn成局部transplantv．移植consumev．開銷，耗費(fèi)．D推理判斷題。Soifthemicrobecommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza，forexample,itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobecommunity.(第一段最后一句)道里的微生物群是由堡和披食塑造而成，它生反應(yīng)的速度就不會(huì)像一個(gè)由蔬菜和水果塑造的道那么快，因?yàn)楹笳哂懈嗷奈⑸锶?。解思路：依?jù)重點(diǎn)句可推知，健康食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。應(yīng)選。．B。Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermicrobecommunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit,vegetables，wholegrains，andnutsorseeds...(最后一段第一句)也許形成更健康的微生物群的最正確方式是經(jīng)過吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麥?zhǔn)称芬约皥?jiān)果或植物種子來更多?解思路：依據(jù)重點(diǎn)句可知，MeghanJardine。．A度。依據(jù)作者在第二段引用的盛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院JeffreyGordon博士的話以及最后一段引用的養(yǎng)MeghanJardine的可推測(cè)出，作者很關(guān)注道清理。A意“關(guān)心的〞；B意“反的〞；C意“充耳不聞的〞；D意“應(yīng)選。．B。第一段就點(diǎn)了然文章的主，即“行道清理可以人更健康〞。接下來的四段內(nèi)容都是道清理個(gè)主，包含清理道的原由、所做的道。B能歸納文章的主，合適做。二、句法填空1．Shewasforced________(retire)earlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.答案：toretirebeforcedtodo...“被迫做??〞；retire“退休〞。．Manylocalpeople________(object)tothebuildingofthenewairport.答案：objectedobjectto...“反??〞。．Itwon'tmakemuch________(differ)whetheryougotodayortomorrow.答案：difference由空前的much可知填名difference。makea/no/some/muchdifference表示“有/沒有/有些/有很大影響/作用/關(guān)系〞。．Heoweshissuccessmore________luckthan________ability.答案：to;toowe...to...“把??功于??〞。．Alcoholactsonthebrain,sodriversareforbidden________(drink)itwhentheydriveacar.答案：todrinkbeforbiddentodo...“被嚴(yán)禁做某事〞。6．________(strike)bystrongsnowstorms,theareafacedaseverewaterandelectricityshortage.答案：Struck去分短在句中作原由狀。．Thequestion________willtakehisplaceisstillnotclear.答案：whowho指引同位從句，在從句中作主，表示“??的人〞，從句明question的內(nèi)容。．Theadvantageis________thecostofthismethodislow.答案：that空指引表從句在從句中不作成分，無作用，故填that。．Ican't________(undertake)thatyouwillwinintheelection.答案：undertake由空前的神態(tài)動(dòng)can可知填I(lǐng)can'tundertakethat...“我沒法許諾??〞。．Youcanusemycomputeroncondition________youreturnittomorrow.答案：thatonconditionthat...“條件是??；只需??〞。三、完形填空。Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy，especiallywhenitcomestomentalhealthproblems.InaTV__1__，onegirlgetsveryrealaboutdealingwithanxietyandpanic.“Iwasthebeststudentinmyhighschool.Iputsomuch__2__onmyself，〞shesaid.“Inever__3__aIgotsickduring10thgradeandIstartedtowaswhenthepanicattacksbegan.〞Shegoesontodescribewhatapanicattack__5__like，“Onedaytheteacherhandedmemygrade__6__，andIcouldn'tbreathe.Myheartwasbeatingvery__7__.Ifeltdisconnected.IsawpeopletryingtotalktomebutI，Iwassentto__8__，〞sheshared.Itwasthen__9__theattacksstartedhappening__10__daily，andtheyhaven'tstopped.“LastyearIstartedcollege.AndIcan'tbethebeststudentherenomatterhowhardItry，〞shesaid.“Everyoneisso__11__.MypanicattacksgotsobadthatIhadto__12__myfirstsemester.〞，nowsheisfacingheranxiety，andthingsaregettingbetter.“Iusedtotrytohidethoughtthat__14__nobodyknewitwouldnotexistshesaid.“ButthemoreItalkaboutmy__15__，themoreIrealizethatotherpeopleexperience__16__I'mtryingtoexpressithadagreatteacher__17__toldme，‘Insteadoflettinganxietykeepyoufromdoingyourart，letitbethethingthat__18__yourart.’〞Recently，overtheworldtooktoTwitterto__19__whatanxietyisare__20__alone.．B．program．platformD．station．B．height．pressureD．measure．B．succeeded．failedD．a(chǎn)ttended．A.fallbehindB．falldown．leavebehindD．leavealone．B．sounds．tastesD．feels．B．survey．researchD．notice．B．wildly．slowlyD．severely．B．work．hospitalD．home．B．since．beforeD．that．A.stillB．a(chǎn)lways．merelyD．a(chǎn)lmost．B．a(chǎn)nxious．talentedD．experienced．B．perform．operateD．cancel．B．them．meD．us．B．if．whileD．a(chǎn)s．B．dream．issueD．desire．B．familiar．variousD．serious．B．whom．whoseD．which．B．quits．motivatesD．protests．B．a(chǎn)dvise．shareD．compare．B．sometimes．seldomD．never【解導(dǎo)】本文是一篇敘的憂慮經(jīng)，今后，她英勇面，狀況得以好。作者借個(gè)案例明直面困、坦問常常是解信心理健康策?！竞诵膁ealwith，panicn．慌亂，慌亂v．使慌亂policyn．政策，策略，保單disconnectedadj.分其余，斷開的，不的semestern．半學(xué)年，一學(xué)期．B依據(jù)“InaTV__1__，onegirlgetsveryrealaboutdealingwithanxietyandpanic〞可知，在一個(gè)視目(program)中，一個(gè)女孩坦地分享了她戰(zhàn)勝憂慮和慌亂的故B正確。A意“〞；C意“平臺(tái)〞；D意“站〞，都與境不符。．C依據(jù)前一句“Iwasthebeststudentinmyhighschool〞，再句“Iputsomuch__2__onmyself〞可知，句是，在學(xué)校里個(gè)女孩是一位等生，她自己自己施加了好多力。C意“力〞，符合境，故C正確。A意“體重〞；B意“身高〞；D意“胸懷位〞，都與境不符。．C依據(jù)上文，再句“Inever__aclass〞可知，個(gè)女孩從沒有考不及格；C意“不及格〞，符合境，故C正確。A意“參加〞；B意“成功〞；D“參加〞。．A依據(jù)上下文可知，在十年時(shí)個(gè)女孩患病了，成開始落伍；A意“落伍〞，符合境，故A正確。B意“不，不可以令人意〞；C意“留下，留〞；D意〞。．D依據(jù)空前后句可知，個(gè)女孩是在描繪憂慮癥的感。feellike固定搭配，意“感像是??〞，符合境，故D正確。．A依據(jù)句中“Onedaytheteacherhandedmemygrade__6__，andIcouldn'tbreathe〞可知，老將成了個(gè)女孩；表示“成gradereport〞，故A項(xiàng)正確。．B依據(jù)后一句“Ifeltdisconnected〞可以判斷，這個(gè)女孩看到了她的成績(jī)單后感覺沒法呼吸，心臟瘋狂地(wildly)跳動(dòng)，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“平和地〞；C項(xiàng)意為“遲緩地〞；D項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)格地〞。．C拜見上題分析并聯(lián)合該句“Afterwards，Iwassentto__8〞可以判斷，最后，這個(gè)女孩被送往醫(yī)院。故C項(xiàng)正確。．D依據(jù)該句“Itwasthen__9__theattacksstartedhappening__10__daily，andtheyhaven'tstopped〞可知，該句使用了重申句型，被重申的局部是then，故用that指引句中的其余局部，故D項(xiàng)正確。D依據(jù)空地方在句可知，從那時(shí)起憂慮幾乎每日發(fā)生，沒有停止過。D項(xiàng)意為“幾乎〞，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。．C依據(jù)空處前一句可知，在大學(xué)里，不論這個(gè)女孩怎么努力都沒法成為最好的學(xué)生；聯(lián)合該句“Everyoneisso__〞可知，每個(gè)人都有天分；C項(xiàng)意為“有天分的〞，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。．D依據(jù)該句“MypanicattacksgotsobadthatIhadtomyfirstsemester〞可知，這個(gè)女孩的憂慮癥變得這樣嚴(yán)重，她不得不休學(xué)。D項(xiàng)意為“撤消〞，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。．A依據(jù)空處前后句可知，空處指代前一句的“anxiety〞，后一句中的“itwouldnotexist〞也是提示。故此處用it。．B依據(jù)語境可知，空處指引條件狀語從句，故此處用if。．C依據(jù)上下文可知，空處是指這個(gè)女孩的憂慮問題。C項(xiàng)意為“問題〞，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“信心〞；B項(xiàng)意為“夢(mèng)想〞；D項(xiàng)意為“希望〞。．A依據(jù)上下文可知，此處是指這個(gè)女孩對(duì)她的問題談得越多，她就越意識(shí)到其余人也經(jīng)歷過相像的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故A項(xiàng)正確。．A分析該句構(gòu)造可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為“agreatteacher〞，在從句中作主語，故用who指引該定語從句。．C依據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)用與“keepyoufromdoingyourart〞意義相反的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。C項(xiàng)意為“激勵(lì)〞，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“放棄〞；B項(xiàng)意為“停止〞；D項(xiàng)意為“反對(duì)〞。．C依據(jù)該句“Recently，womenallovertheworldtooktoTwitterto__19__whatanxietyislike〞可知，近來，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了憂慮的經(jīng)歷。C項(xiàng)意為“分享〞，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。．D拜見上題分析，再聯(lián)合該句“Weare__alone〞可知，憂慮者不是孤單的，故用否定never。四、句改錯(cuò)．Thestoryhetoldthepolicedifferedintheonehetoldhismother.____________________________________________________答案：in→fromdifferfrom...“和??不一樣樣〞。．Owedtoherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine._____________________________________________________答案：Owed→Owingowingto...“因?yàn)??；因?yàn)??〞，固定用法。．Itsuddenlystrucktomethatweshouldmakeanewplan._____________________________________________________答案：去掉toItstrikessb.that...“某人忽然想起??〞。．MymothermakesapromiseifIpassedtheexam,shewouldbuymeawatch.____________________________________________________答案：promise后加that句that指引的同位從句，that不作成分，但也不可以省略。5．Encouragingbythespeech,theyoungmanmadeuphismindtotakeupthestruggle.____________________________________________________答案：Encouraging→Encouraged主theyoungman與encourage之關(guān)系，故去分作狀。五、短文改錯(cuò)ZhouYanistheSeniorThreestudent.Lastweek，hegoestoseeadoctorbecauseofhisarmsandfingersdoctortoldhimthefactthathada“mobilephonediseaseZhousentmessagesforhisfriendswithhismobilephoneallthetime，eveninstartedtodobadlyinalltheexambecausehespentsomanytimeonhismobilephone.Hedidn'tstopusethemobilephoneuntilhisarmsLing，whichisanexpertfromahealthcenter，saidstudent