14519講義作業(yè)測(cè)試題

閱讀主旨大意題一、主旨大意題的解題方法二、例題精講主旨題的做題技巧通讀全文，從文章結(jié)構(gòu)和文章思想兩個(gè)角度，深刻理解作者的基本觀點(diǎn)

一篇文章的

信息通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在以下幾處：文章各段的首句和尾句：這些處于較明顯、較特殊位置的句子往往是段落和文章的 句，具有相當(dāng)大的重要性;，but,

however,

rather,

yet,

instead后面的句子是 性信息;因果關(guān)系處：

通常以therefore,

as

a

result,thus,so,

That

iswhy…等詞語或句式為標(biāo)志，這些詞匯或句式后面的句子是 性信息;;遞進(jìn)處：通常以moreover,furthermore,what’s

more,what’s

the

mostimportant,

most

important

of

all,most

importantly等詞匯或短語為標(biāo)志，，例證處通常以for

example,forinstance,Let’stake…,Consider…等詞匯、短語或句式為標(biāo)志，這些詞匯、短語或句式表示舉例，也是支持性的細(xì)節(jié)信息，位于例子前后的句子一 都是例子要說明的

;并列處：

通常以

ly,

secondl

…finally,

some…others…

for

onething…foranother,

ononehand…ontheotherhand等組合為標(biāo)志，這些組合都是支持性的細(xì)節(jié)信息，位于這些組合前后的句子一般都是這些細(xì)節(jié)信息所要支持的

。（1）

句在段首一個(gè) 句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和 中多采用這種格式。People

have

different

tastes

in

food.Some

feel

that

they

haven't

eatena

meal

unless

they

have

had

steak

or

other

red

meat.

Someprefer

chicken

orfish

and

eatone

or

the

other

at

every

meal.

Others

prefervegetables

and

fruits rains

and

would

enjoy

a

meal

of

spaghetti,eggplant,

and

fresh

fruit.

Others

could

live

on

what

were

called

fast--foods:

a

hamburger

orhot

dog,

French

fries

and

a

soft

drink.1（2）

句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù),層層推理論證,

最后自然得出結(jié)論,

即段落的

。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。Some

students

prefer

a

strict

teacher

who ls

them

exactly

what

to

do.Others

prefer

tobe

left

to

work

on

their

own.

Still

others

like

ademocratic

discussion

type

of

class.

No

one

teaching

method

can

bedevised

to

satisfy

all

students

at

the

same

time.（3）在短文中間當(dāng) 句被安排在段中間時(shí),

通常前面只提出問題，

文中的

由隨陳之述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.Nothing

is

as

useful

as

a

flashlight

on

adark

night

if

a

tire

goes

flat.Few

inventions

are

so

helpful

to

a

child

who

is

afraid

ofthe

dark.

In

fact,the

modern

flashlight

brings

light

to

many

dark

situations.

Findingsomething

in

the

back

of

a

closet

is

easy

with

a

flashlight

in

hand

.

Acamper

also

needs

one

afterthe

light

of

the

campfire

has

been

out.When

you

throw

a

ballup

into

the

airas

fastas

you

can,

the

ballreaches

a

point

where

it

seems

to

pause

for

a

moment,

and

then

it

comesdown.

When

a

bullet

( )

is

shot

straight

up,

it

will

travel

much

fasterandhigher

than

a

ball,

but

it,

too,will

come

down.

Whatever

goes

upmust

come

down. e

have

al-ways

thought

this

to

betrue.

An

airplaneand

then

travel

farand

long.

Yetlike

ever

-thin

else

the lane

mustmay

climb

to

a

height

of

seventeenit

does

not

sta

u

forever.

Finallcome

down.（4）在段首和段尾在一些文段中，作者為了突出 思想，并暗示讀者，這段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。采用了 、兩次點(diǎn)題的寫作乎法。值得注意的是，表述同一主

思想的兩個(gè)主

句，

在句型結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞方面往往不盡—致，而且在內(nèi)容上后者也不是前者的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，多半有所引申或順應(yīng)其向細(xì)節(jié)的鋪敘而有所側(cè)重。（5）暗含在段中不是所有的段落都有 句。尤其是在多段文章中， 句并沒有明確

表述。閱讀這樣的文段，主要通過對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的陳述或概括各段的思想，含蓄地表達(dá)文段的思想。對(duì)于無句的文段，不可能采用辯論句的方法來獲取其思想。而應(yīng)正確理解作者提供的所有細(xì)節(jié)，包括事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)和事件，在大腦中形成初步印象。然后發(fā)揮自己的邏輯概括能力，概括作者提供的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)和事件，綜合歸納成一

概念。這種概念不一定能達(dá)到

句那樣完整，但只要切合文段的

即可。2Boston----Thieves

dressed

as entered

a

museum

early

Sunday

andstole

11

paintings,including

major

works

by

Rembrandt,

Dagas,Manetand

Vermerr,FBI(

局)and

the

museum

officials

said.The

judgment

placed

value

of

at

least

$100

million

on

the

worksstolen

from

the

Isabella

Gardener

Museum,

said

Boston

spokes-man

Jim

Tordan.William

Bobinson,

of

Hardvard

Univercity’s

Foggel

Museum,

calledthe

ob

ects

stolen

“ma

or

works.”r

article

?What

is

the

best

headline

forthis

newspTheftTook

Place

in

BostonArtworks

stolen

by

ThievesMajorInvestigation

into

the

Theft大致有以下常見的提問方式：The

subject

of

the

paragraph(passage)is

.The

paragraph(passage)

deals

with

.What

topic

is

treated

in

this

passage?The

main

idea

of

the

paragraph(passage)is…From

the

paragraph(passage)we

know

that…The

paragraph

(passage)could

be

entitled….Which

of

the

following

is

the

best

title

for

the

paragraph(passage)?What

is

the

author's

main

purpose?主旨大意題的提問方式有以下幾種：1）T eral/main

idea

of

the

passage

is

about

．

2）Which

of

the

following

best

states

the

theme

ofthe

passage？3 In

this

passagethe

author

discusses

primarily

．4）The

passage

is

mostlyabout

．5）The

passageis

mainly

concerned

about

．6）What

is

the

maintopic

of

the

passage？7）What

is

the

best

title

for

the

passage？

8）Thesubject

discussed

in

this

text

is

9）Theauthor’s

main

purpose

in

writing

the

passage

is

to

…10）The

passage

is

meant

to

….11）The

purpose

ofthis

article

is

to

…Kleptomania

is

an

illness

of

the

mind

that

gives rson

the

desire

tosteal.

Such rson

is

not

really

athief.

They

are

sick

and

cannot

helpthemselves.

All

small

children

act

naturally

and

as

they

grow

up

theynormally

le