考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項(xiàng)意為“為了揭示一個(gè)生物學(xué)家是如何對(duì)鯨魚研究感興趣的”；B項(xiàng)意為“描述了一個(gè)科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”；C項(xiàng)意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動(dòng)物相似”；D項(xiàng)意為“為了突出進(jìn)行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險(xiǎn)”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是一個(gè)記敘文，作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠(yuǎn)也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時(shí)間觀。B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)直接的方法是徒勞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)看起來似乎很神奇”；C項(xiàng)意為“這項(xiàng)工作有多么危險(xiǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時(shí)候，這種動(dòng)物的龐大身軀不時(shí)地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧，我們到目前為止只完成了這個(gè)鑰匙孔的一個(gè)小的擴(kuò)大。’確定作者要表達(dá)的意思是盡管付出了種種努力，到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個(gè)鑰匙孔擴(kuò)大了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”；B項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)典型的能在鯨魚等動(dòng)物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項(xiàng)意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進(jìn)行的對(duì)比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一個(gè)行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔ?huì)把玩耍和快速的行動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起，能夠意識(shí)到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維，它們玩耍要有更長(zhǎng)，更緩慢的節(jié)奏，動(dòng)作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項(xiàng)“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識(shí)到，通過被動(dòng)的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報(bào)。我很快意識(shí)到，被動(dòng)觀察所帶來的約束比實(shí)驗(yàn)工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩(shī)形式的限制，使得寫詩(shī)變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動(dòng)觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式，其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩(shī)，而不是民謠?！鶕?jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“passive”觀察，也就是受限制的觀察，C選項(xiàng)“傳達(dá)了對(duì)一個(gè)明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里，我是一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)主義者?！_定A選項(xiàng)‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及；由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時(shí)需要翻遍方法以及自己對(duì)不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注，確定C選項(xiàng)“和鯨魚工作時(shí)所需要的方法的變化”和D選項(xiàng)“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進(jìn)行不同類型的研究”兩項(xiàng)有涉及；但B選項(xiàng)“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動(dòng)機(jī)”作者并沒有提到，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Somephilosophershaveclaimedthatourplayfulnessisthemostnoblepartofourbasicnature.Intheirgenerousconceptions,playharmlesslyandexperimentallypermitsustoputourcreativeforces,fantasy,andimaginationintoaction.Playisreleasefromthetediousbattlesagainstscarcityanddeclinewhicharetheincessantandinevitable,tragediesoflife.Thisisagrandconceptionthatexcitesandprovokes.Theholdersofthisviewclaimthattheoriginsofourhighestaccomplishments—liturgy,literature,andlaw—-canbetracedtoaplayimpulsewhich,paradoxically,weseemostpurelyenjoyedbyyoungbeastsandchildren.Oursports,inthisratherhappy,non-fatalisticviewofhumannature,aremoresplendidcreationsofthenon-datable,trans-speciesplayimpulse.

【答案】一些哲學(xué)家聲稱我們的嬉戲是我們基本天性中最崇高的部分。依他們這些隨意的見解看來，游戲無害而且用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法讓我們的創(chuàng)造力、幻想和想象發(fā)揮作用。游戲讓人們從永不間斷亦不可避免的生活悲劇一一與乏匱和衰退進(jìn)行的枯燥抗?fàn)幹械玫揭环N解脫。這是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的偉大構(gòu)想。這種見解的持有者宣稱，我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學(xué)、法律的起源可以追溯到游戲的沖動(dòng)。但令人不解的是，我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享受著這種沖動(dòng)。從這種比較豁達(dá)和非宿命的人性觀來看，我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)是超時(shí)代、跨物種的游戲沖動(dòng)的輝煌創(chuàng)造。

3.單選題

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意為“爭(zhēng)取,奮斗”；選項(xiàng)B為及物動(dòng)詞；選項(xiàng)C和D通常與介詞to搭配。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Changingthecomputersystemwouldentailsubstantialperiodsofretraining.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withhold

B.extend

C.overtake

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。entail表示“使需要，承擔(dān)，引起”；A項(xiàng)withhold“保留，隱瞞”，B項(xiàng)extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”，C項(xiàng)overtake“改善，壓倒”，D項(xiàng)impose“利用，強(qiáng)加”。句意：改變計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)將需要大量的再培訓(xùn)時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意可知，“需要大量的時(shí)間”相當(dāng)于“延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist（）thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasmadesure

B.madesure

C.mustmakesure

D.makesure

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itisimportantthat...句式中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中的should通常省略。因此A、B、C的表達(dá)是錯(cuò)誤的，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

______myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.On

C.With

D.During

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。onone’sreturn表示“在……回來的時(shí)候”。

7.單選題

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,（）onMay1st,2007.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cametothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellback表示“后退”；B選項(xiàng)fellshort表示“不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，缺乏”；C選項(xiàng)wentintoeffect表示“生效”；D選項(xiàng)cometothepoint表示“直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f，簡(jiǎn)明扼要的說”。分析句意可知，中國(guó)頒布的首部人體器官移植條例是從2007年5月1日開始（）。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)的詞義更符合句意。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（1）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（2）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

（3）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,（4）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（5）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】（1）在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要各種集中控制的措施，因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

（2）此外，顯而易見，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān)，而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

（3）由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展，世界各地的人們都有了新的需求，接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不引入進(jìn)一步的創(chuàng)新。

（4）在早期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種意義深遠(yuǎn)的社會(huì)形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個(gè)世紀(jì)，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進(jìn)程。

（5）由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移（現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對(duì)容易）引發(fā)的種種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

9.單選題

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句話提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能夠讓一個(gè)足球離開地球，那么也足夠?qū)⒁粋€(gè)保齡球（或一輛貨車）送離地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此選項(xiàng)C“逃離地球”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“為了離開地球，一個(gè)較重的物體……”。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“物體下落的方式與物體的質(zhì)量無關(guān)”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），選項(xiàng)B“需要的初始速度與較輕物體的一樣”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“地球大氣中沒有氦氣的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大氣主要有氧和氮組成，幾乎沒有氫和氦，質(zhì)量輕的其他速度超過了11.2千米每秒的臨界值，因此它們沒有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推測(cè)氦氣的速度超過了11.2千米每秒，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“月球上沒有大氣的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物體的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是較重的氣體也有足夠的速度逃離月球，這就是為什么月球上沒有大氣的原因，由此可知選項(xiàng)D“它不能將氧和氮這樣的氣體留在里面”符合題意。

10.單選題

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物動(dòng)詞用，后面接名詞時(shí)，一般要加賓補(bǔ)，B和C選項(xiàng)不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短語(yǔ)中間加入插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面men因?yàn)槭欠褐?，不需要定冠詞the。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，輕率的”，B項(xiàng)stubborn“頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的”，C項(xiàng)tiresome“煩人的，無聊的”，D項(xiàng)unscientific“不科學(xué)的，不符合科學(xué)原理的”。句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因?yàn)樗麄冎貜?fù)種植同一種作物，幾次收獲后就耗盡了土壤。根據(jù)句意可知，imprudent在句中表示“輕率的”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項(xiàng)新的法律限制人們（Anewlawlimits）”?？芍拗剖凸I(yè)的發(fā)展。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人的數(shù)量不得超過限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去”，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長(zhǎng)期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，根據(jù)上文可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。換言之，這里的事態(tài)發(fā)展就是石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。這句話的意思是很少有人相信政府能長(zhǎng)期阻止石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。說明政府采取過控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展的政策。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”，而文中說新的法律限制人們只能在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探，也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”，文中說到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始吸引人們前往南方但并沒有說禁止雇傭北部人，B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題”，文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問題，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，石油工業(yè)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長(zhǎng)

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計(jì)劃的失敗

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，該處講到“不出幾年，整個(gè)北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”，文中說到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“人口的增長(zhǎng)”，文中說到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是說北部人口會(huì)減少。B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”，北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會(huì)有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，這屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句，該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之，這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會(huì)減少。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)率大幅下降”，原文中說到“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去。”因?yàn)槟戏桨l(fā)展工業(yè)，那么根據(jù)原文，從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，失業(yè)率上升，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”，“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去。”旅游業(yè)不會(huì)發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”，也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，不會(huì)發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)，D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響，因?yàn)開___。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)。”眾所周知，挪威的農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是說挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民，而是說漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了他們的理想，A選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助”，文中只是說石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，并沒有說他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”，但是文中說的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭(zhēng)論是它對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對(duì)生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。

13.單選題

Haveyoueverfeltyourlifegointoslowmotionasyourealizesomethingbadishappening?Youmighthavejustknockedoverawineglassornoticedacarhurtlingtowardsyou,forexample.Nowscientistshavemeasuredexactlyhowmuchtheseattention-grabbingeventsslowdownourperceptionoftheworldaroundus.

Anotherexampleoftheworldappearingtoslowdowniswhenyouarehangingonthephonewaitingforsomeonetopickupattheotherend.Ifyourattentionwanderswhileyou’rewaiting,thensuddenlyswitchesback,youwillprobablyhearwhatseemslikealongerthanusualsilencebeforehearingthedialingtoneagain.Foryou,timewillhavemomentarilyslowed.

Toseehowourperceptionoftimechangeswhensomethingnewhappens,VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesputheadphonesonvolunteersandplayedeightbeepstotheirrightears.Thegapbetweeneachbeepwasexactly1second,exceptforthegapbetweenthefourthandfifthbeeps,whichthescientistscouldmakeshorterorlonger.Theyalteredthelengthofthisgapuntilthevolunteersestimateditwasthesamelengthastheothergaps.Theresearchersfoundthat,onaverage,peoplejudgeasecondslightlyshort,at955milliseconds.

Inthesecondpartoftheexperiment,thefirstfourbeepswereplayedtothesubject’srightear,buttheotherfourwerethenplayedtotheirleft.Again,thevolunteerswereaskedtoestimatewhenthegapbetweenthefourthandfifthbeepswasthesameastheothers.Thistimetheyjudgedasecondtobeevenshorteras825millisecondslong.

Perceivingasecondtobemuchshorterthanitismakesyoufeelasthoughtheworldhasgoneintoslowmotion,sincelesshappensinthatsliceoftime.Walshthinkstheeffectcouldhaveevolvedtogiveusafractionmoretimetoreacttopotentiallythreateningevents.

Lastyear,KieranYarrow,aBritishpsychologistfoundasimilareffectwithvision.Whenyouglanceataclock,thefirstsecondwillseemlongerthanitreallyis.

Yarrow’sresultsshowedthattimeappeartoslowdownbyasimilaramountasWalshfound.Previousstudieshaveshownthatcoolingthebodyslowsdownourperceptionoftimewhilewarmingituphastheoppositeeffect.

1.Afteryounoticedacarhurtlingtowardsyou,youmightfeelthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,hangingonthephonewaitingforsomeonetopickupattheotherend,youmight（

）.

3.VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesdidtheexperimentinorderto（

）.

4.WhathaveVincentandhiscolleaguesfoundthroughtheexperiment?

5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatwhenwearehot,we’llfeeltime（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theworldaroundyouhadsloweddown

B.somethingbadwasgoingtohappen