考研考博-英語-中國美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowhetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanhetreatedmedically.

1.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

2.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

3.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

4.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye.

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世紀(jì)60年代，一種新工具被開發(fā)出來，它首先對(duì)軍隊(duì)和工業(yè)有很大的實(shí)用價(jià)值，同時(shí)也及時(shí)地使手術(shù)發(fā)生了革命性的改變。這種工具就是激光。選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。這意味著，本來不比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生的能量多的光，在集中成為針尖大小的光束后，就會(huì)變得非常強(qiáng)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.”不用手術(shù)刀，不用縫針，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，也許有些癌癥可以用激光治療，這只是作者的推測，并沒有真正實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以選項(xiàng)A和D錯(cuò)誤；將來我們可以看到越來越多需要用藥物治療的病可以用激光治療，選項(xiàng)C表述太絕對(duì)，所以不正確；只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.單選題

Oldpeopleare（

）toclaimaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.engaged

B.charmed

C.involved

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Engaged“使用中的”；charmed“著迷的”；involved“涉及的”；entitled“有資格的，有權(quán)的”。句意：老人有資格向政府申請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e的取暖津貼。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Petrolisrefinedfromthe（）oilwetakeoutoftheground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crude

B.fresh

C.rude

D.original

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crude“天然的，未加工的”；B選項(xiàng)fresh“新鮮的，清新的”；C選項(xiàng)rude“粗魯?shù)?，無禮的”；D選項(xiàng)original“原來的；開始的”。句意：汽油是由地下開采的原油提煉而成的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.填空題

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改為include

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】B部分在句子中是謂語動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語Theprofessionalfields為復(fù)數(shù)，這里應(yīng)該用include。

【句意】處理醫(yī)學(xué)倫理問題的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域包括醫(yī)學(xué)、護(hù)理、法律、社會(huì)學(xué)、哲學(xué)和神學(xué)，盡管在20世紀(jì)后期，醫(yī)學(xué)倫理已經(jīng)被視為一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。

5.單選題

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法。句意：因?yàn)檫@場叛亂，這位上將在那段時(shí)間的所作所為被認(rèn)定為是獨(dú)裁。分析句子可知assumed為句子的謂語，后面的部分作賓語從句，而從句中what又作wasdescribed的主語部分，這是what的特殊用法，有雙重作用，故選C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thegovernorwilladoptnewmeasuresto（

）thelivingstandardsoftheordinarycitizens.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speedup

B.lift

C.hoist

D.elevate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:州長將會(huì)采取新措施提升普通市民的生活水平。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。speedup加速;lift舉起，提升（指用人力或機(jī)械力把某物升到較高的位置）;hoist(用繩索,起重機(jī)等)吊起,提升,拉高;elevate提升，舉起，振奮情緒等?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語為thelivingstandards(生活水平),故D符合句意。

7.單選題

Thecouncilinchargerefusedtogiveits（）tothebuildingschemeproposesbythisjointventurecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanction

B.guarantee

C.trust

D.confirmation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。sanction制裁；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；trust信任，信賴；confirmation確實(shí)，證實(shí)。句意：主管委員會(huì)拒絕對(duì)這家合資公司提出的建筑方案給予確認(rèn)。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thestratosphericozonelayerisnotacompletelyuniformstratum,nordoesitoccuratthesamealtitudearoundtheglobe.ItliesclosesttotheEarthoverthepolesandrisestomaximumaltitudeovertheequator.Inthestratosphere,ozoneiscontinuouslybeingmadeanddestroyedbynaturalprocesses.DuringthedaytheSunbreaksdownsomeoftheoxygenmoleculestosingleoxygenatoms,andtheseatoms,reactingwithoxygenmoleculesthathavenotbeendissociated,formozone.However,thesunlightalsobreaksdownozonebyconvertingsomeofitbacktonormaloxygen.Inaddition,naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxidesenterintothecycleandspeedthebreakdownreactions.Theamountofozonepresentatanyonetimeisthebalancebetweentheprocessesthatcreateitandthosethatdestroyit.

Sincethesplittingoftheoxygenmoleculesdependsdirectlyupontheintensityofsolarradiation,thegreatestrateofozoneproductionoccursoverthetropics.However,ozoneisalsodestroyedmostrapidlythere,andwindcirculationpatternscarrytheozone-enrichedupperlayersoftheatmosphereawayfromtheequator.Itturnsoutthatthelargesttotalozoneamountsarefoundathighlatitudes.OnatypicaldaytheamountofozoneoverMinnesota,forexample,is30percentgreaterthantheamountover900milesfarthersouth.Thedensityandaltitudeoftheozonelayeralsochangewiththeseasons,theweather,andtheamountofsolaractivity.Nevertheless,atanyoneplaceabovetheEarth’ssurface,thelongtermaveragesmaintainedbynaturalprocessesarebelievedtobereasonablyconstant.

TheamountofozoneneartheEarthisonlyasmallpercentoftheamountinthestratosphere,andexchangeofmoleculesbetweentheozonelayerandatthegroundlevelisthoughttoberelativelysmall.Furthermore,theozonemoleculeissounstablethatonlyatinyfractionofground-levelozonecouldsurvivethelongtriptothestratosphere,sotheozonelayerwillnotbereplenishedtoanysignificantdegreebytheincreasingconcentrationsofozonethathavebeendetectedinrecentyearsneartheEarth’ssurface.Thelong-termaveragesofozonebothneargroundlevelandinthestratosphereareregulatedbycontinuousprocessesthatareconstantlydestroyingandcreatingitineachoftheseplaces.Thisiswhyscientistsaresoconcernedabouthumanbeing’sinjectionintothestratospherechemicalslikenitrogenoxides,whicharecatalyststhatfacilitatethebreakdownofozone.Iftheozonelayerisdepletedsignificantly,moreultravioletradiationwouldpenetratetotheEarth’ssurfaceanddamagemanylivingorganisms.

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weather.

B.Latitude.

C.Season.

D.Ground-levelozone.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomena

B.aninteractiverelationship

C.areductionsystem

D.alinearprogression

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?1.這篇文章的主題問題是什么？

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?A.如何處理臭氧層與輻射損害的關(guān)系？

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?B.平流層臭氧層的平均厚度是多少？

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?C.為什么紫外線輻射的增加會(huì)破壞許多生物體？

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?D.平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的？

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生的，第二、三段講述了影響臭氧含量的一些因素，包括太陽活動(dòng)、季節(jié)、天氣和緯度，以及解釋臭氧是如何被破壞和創(chuàng)造，但又能保持平衡，綜合理解可推斷，這篇文章主要是回答平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的這個(gè)問題，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)“平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和改變的？”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“如何處理臭氧層與輻射損害的關(guān)系？”、B項(xiàng)“平流層臭氧層的平均厚度是多少？”和C項(xiàng)“為什么紫外線輻射的增加會(huì)破壞許多生物體？”，原文沒有談到這三個(gè)問題，這三項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?2.根據(jù)文章，什么最類似于決定平流層上層的臭氧量的過程？

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.A.汽車尾氣和季節(jié)性霧霾會(huì)在城市上空形成一層霧霾。

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.B.種植和收獲活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的作物的規(guī)?？偸窍嗤?。

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.C.在銀行賬戶上的存款和取款，其平均余額基本不變。

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.D.決定公司凈資產(chǎn)的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第二段，該段對(duì)平流層上層的臭氧量變化過程有描述，根據(jù)前三句“由于氧分子的分裂直接取決于太陽輻射的強(qiáng)度，臭氧產(chǎn)生的最大速率發(fā)生在熱帶地區(qū)。然而，那里的臭氧被破壞的速度也最快，風(fēng)環(huán)流模式將富含臭氧的上層大氣帶離赤道。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，臭氧總量最大的地區(qū)是高緯度地區(qū)?！币约白詈笠痪洹叭欢?，在地球表面的任何一個(gè)地方，自然過程所維持的長期平均值被認(rèn)為是相當(dāng)恒定的?！睆闹锌芍瑹釒У貐^(qū)的臭氧產(chǎn)生速率是最高的，但是臭氧含量最高的是高緯度地區(qū)，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)環(huán)流模式會(huì)將富含臭氧的上層大氣帶到高緯度地區(qū)，這是自然過程維持的一個(gè)恒定的平均值，也就是說產(chǎn)生和帶走的臭氧量的平均值會(huì)保持恒定，這與C項(xiàng)“在銀行賬戶上的存款和取款，其平均余額基本不變”類似，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“汽車尾氣和季節(jié)性霧霾會(huì)在城市上空形成一層霧霾”、B項(xiàng)“種植和收獲活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的作物的規(guī)?？偸窍嗤焙虳項(xiàng)“決定公司凈資產(chǎn)的資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債”沒有表現(xiàn)出保持恒定這一過程，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?3.下列哪項(xiàng)對(duì)上層大氣中的臭氧量影響最??？

A.Weather.A.天氣。

B.Latitude.B.緯度。

C.Season.C.季節(jié)。

D.Ground-levelozone.D.地面臭氧。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“地球附近的臭氧量只是平流層中臭氧量的一小部分，而且臭氧層和地面的分子交換被認(rèn)為是相對(duì)較小的。此外，臭氧分子很不穩(wěn)定，以至于只有一小部分地面臭氧能夠在到達(dá)平流層的漫長旅程中存活下來，因此，近年來在地球表面附近探測到的不斷增加的臭氧濃度，不會(huì)對(duì)臭氧層進(jìn)行任何程度的補(bǔ)充。”可知，地面臭氧對(duì)于大氣中的臭氧量影響最少，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“地面臭氧”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“天氣”和C項(xiàng)“季節(jié)”根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“臭氧層的密度和高度也隨著季節(jié)、天氣和太陽活動(dòng)的數(shù)量而變化”可知，這兩項(xiàng)是對(duì)上層大氣中的臭氧量影響大的因素，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“緯度”根據(jù)第二段第三句“結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，臭氧總量最大的地區(qū)是高緯度地區(qū)”可知，緯度也是影響上層大氣中的臭氧量較多的，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.4.就平流層中的臭氧量而言，自然過程被認(rèn)為形成了______。

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomenaA.一系列隨機(jī)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象

B.aninteractiverelationshipB.一種相互作用的關(guān)系

C.areductionsystemC.一個(gè)還原系統(tǒng)

D.alinearprogressionD.一個(gè)線性增長

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三、四、五句“在平流層，自然過程不斷地產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧。白天，太陽將一些氧分子分解成單個(gè)氧原子，這些氧原子與尚未分解的氧分子發(fā)生反應(yīng)，形成臭氧。然而，陽光也會(huì)分解臭氧，將部分臭氧轉(zhuǎn)化為正常的氧氣。此外，自然產(chǎn)生的氮氧化物進(jìn)入循環(huán)，加速分解反應(yīng)。”可知，在平流層中，太陽分解氧分子為氧原子，然后與未分解的氧分子發(fā)生反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生臭氧，而陽光也分解臭氧轉(zhuǎn)化為正常氧氣，這個(gè)自然過程一直維持臭氧量的平衡，可以說是一個(gè)相互作用的系統(tǒng)，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)“一種相互作用的關(guān)系”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“一系列隨機(jī)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象”，臭氧的產(chǎn)生和破壞并不是隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)還原系統(tǒng)”，除了還原為氧氣外，還產(chǎn)生了臭氧，該項(xiàng)表示太片面，屬于以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)線性增長”，平流層中的臭氧量是一個(gè)維持平衡的狀態(tài)，而不是線性增長，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?5.這篇文章的主要思想是什么？

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.A.太陽輻射不僅產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧，而且對(duì)人類的生命造成危害。

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.B.自然產(chǎn)生的氮氧化物，以及那些由人類引入的氮氧化物，往往會(huì)消耗平流層的臭氧層。

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.C.在產(chǎn)生臭氧的自然過程和平流層中破壞臭氧的自然過程之間，存在著一種微妙而又相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的平衡。

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.D.一段時(shí)間后，平流層中臭氧濃度的變化往往會(huì)相互抵消。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段先介紹了平流層臭氧是如何產(chǎn)生和被破壞的，然后在最后一句指出“任何時(shí)候臭氧的總量都是產(chǎn)生臭氧過程和破壞臭氧過程之間的平衡”，概括了文章主要討論的內(nèi)容，即產(chǎn)生臭氧過程和破壞臭氧過程之間總是保持平衡；接著第二、三段分別講述了破壞臭氧水平的因素，以及自然過程是如何平衡臭氧水平，綜合理解可知，本文的主要討論的內(nèi)容就是“在產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧的自然過程中存在一種微妙的平衡”，C項(xiàng)“在產(chǎn)生臭氧的自然過程和平流層中破壞臭氧的自然過程之間，存在著一種微妙而又相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的平衡”符合這一題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“太陽輻射不僅產(chǎn)生和破壞臭氧，而且對(duì)人類的生命造成危害”、B項(xiàng)“自然產(chǎn)生的氮氧化物，以及那些由人類引入的氮氧化物，往往會(huì)消耗平流層的臭氧層”和D項(xiàng)“一段時(shí)間后，平流層中臭氧濃度的變化往往會(huì)相互抵消”都是部分提及，并不足以概括全文，所以這三項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

9.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問題上出現(xiàn)了一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來越青睞大公司,很少有人愿意到研究單位。在物欲橫流的社會(huì)里,這是一個(gè)不可避免的問題。學(xué)生還沒有走出校門,大公司便在競相聘用他們,向他們提供誘人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門往往看重直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而相對(duì)來說對(duì)長期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領(lǐng)域流向?qū)嵱霉I(yè)。因?yàn)樵谀抢锕ぷ饕妊芯款I(lǐng)域里好找,工資往往也高。這些情況不僅嚴(yán)重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W(xué)知識(shí)而學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生越來越少了。

10.單選題

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars'highincome?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,onewhodreamsofbeingastarshouldbeawarethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Approval

B.Disapproved.

C.ronical

D.Indifferent.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetopofthePops

B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars

C.successfulpopstarsgivegreatentertainment

D.popsstarsusuallytrytoavoidpayingtax

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Popstarsgethigh-incomerepaymentbutaretaxedless.

B.Greatcontributionmadebypopstarsislimitedtoentertainmentindustry.

C.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.

D.Popstarsshouldn'tenjoythelifeofroyalty.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.firstheshouldlookforasteadyjobwithapension

B.atlastmanypeoplecanclimbtotheverytop

C.greateffortswillsurelyberewardedwithcompletesuccess

D.theessenceofprivateenterpriseishugerisksprobablybringinghighrewards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由最后一段“Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.但他也知道，成功的回報(bào)確實(shí)很高；這是對(duì)所涉及的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的補(bǔ)償，如果他實(shí)現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo)，這些回報(bào)也是應(yīng)得的?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)同這種觀點(diǎn)即高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與高回報(bào)是并存的。答案A

第2題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePop’isfierce…‘流行音樂之巔’的競爭非常激烈”，可知A項(xiàng)正確，答案A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應(yīng)該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確，答案C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章末尾“Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.他知道多年的集中努力可能會(huì)得到完全的回報(bào)。但他也知道，成功的回報(bào)確實(shí)很高；這是對(duì)所涉及的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的補(bǔ)償，如果他實(shí)現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo)，他肯定是應(yīng)得的。這就是個(gè)人事業(yè)的本質(zhì)?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為個(gè)人事業(yè)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和高回報(bào)并存，這是夢想成為明星的人該注意的地方。故D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

（）itornot,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Believe

B.Believing

C.Tobelieve

D.Believed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。believeitornot其實(shí)是口語里常用的句子，是個(gè)省略的句子，完整表達(dá)為(Whetheryou)believeitornot。A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.填空題

Direction:Thereisadefectineachofthefollowingsentences,pleaseimprovethesentencesbyrewritingwiththelestmodificationonANSWERSHEET(10%)

Example:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlthateverymanwantstomarry.

Answer:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlwhomeverymanwantstomarry.

66.Iwillreadtheresearchpaperswhichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudent,beinginhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andwerefishinginvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertoldusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【答案】66.Iwillreadtheresearchpapersfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudentinhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andfishedinvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertellsusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,thatwespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【解析】66.whichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline應(yīng)作為定語修飾papers,而which引導(dǎo)定語從句在句中缺乏謂語動(dòng)詞，因此需要去掉which，變成介詞短語直接作后置定語。

67.將逗號(hào)和being去掉，介詞短語inhisofficeatthetime可直接作后置定語修飾thestudent，整個(gè)句子會(huì)更加簡潔。

68.在一個(gè)句中出現(xiàn)了以and連接的并列成分，后面的詞性、時(shí)態(tài)均保持一致。故應(yīng)將werefishing更改為fished，與前面的saw和watched保持一致。

69.考查語法時(shí)態(tài)，主將從現(xiàn)。從句中使用的是一般將來時(shí)表虛擬，主句應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)才符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。因此需要將主句的謂語動(dòng)詞told改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)tell，主語是theteacher為第三人單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞的使用應(yīng)與其保持一致，應(yīng)改為tells。

70.句中成分完整，但wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformation做主語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。

13.單選題

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，文章一直在論述該法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企業(yè)配額作為促進(jìn)性別平等的一種方式。請(qǐng)記住，這些基本上都是自私自利的措施，讓他們的贊助商感覺良好，但其實(shí)并沒有什么幫助。由此可見作者對(duì)此法案采取否定態(tài)度，A“helplittletoreducegenderbias對(duì)減少性別偏見沒什么幫助”為同義替換的正確選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Californiameasures定位到原文第五段第二句，BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,...courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatetheconstitutionalguaranteeof...violate違反憲法，選項(xiàng)Cagainst替換violate為正確選項(xiàng)。

3.例證題。根據(jù)題干中catalyst替換到第七段，論點(diǎn)為上一句Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboards