考研考博-英語-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Weareinaglobalhealthcrisis,anditgrowsworsebytheyear,astheWorldHealthOrganizationhaswarnedthatby2030almosthalftheworld'spopulationwillbeoverweightorobeseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Therearealready124millionobesechildren,amorethantenfoldincreaseinfourdecades,andmorethanamillionoftheseliveintheUK,whichhastheworstobesityratesinwesternEurope.Fourinfivewillgrowuptobeobeseadults;andtheleaderoftheUK'spaediatricbodywarnsthatthiswillcostthem10to20yearsofhealthylife.

Thisisasocialproblem,bothincauseandconsequence,asconcurredbySimonStevens,thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservicecomesacrossastheplacard-wieldingstanceofaroadsideprophetofdoom—yetthegovernment'sresponsehasbeenasmodestandinadequateasthesefiguresareshocking.Medicalexpertsdescribeitschildhoodobesitystrategyasweak,embarrassingandeveninsulting.Thoughitinheritedataxonsugarydrinks,itrowedbackfromrestrictionsonprice-cuttingpromotionsandjunkfoodmarketingoradvertising,leavingitsstrategytorelyheavilyonmeasuressuchasschoolactivityprogrammes.

Campaignershadwarnedthatwouldnotbeenough;nowresearchprovestheywereright-evenwhensuchinitiativestacklebothdietandexercise,andmakeeffortstoreachouttofamilies.ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions,ahealthyeatingprogrammeandcookeryworkshopswiththeirparents,allofwhichfailedtohaveanysignificanteffectonchildren'sweight.

Thecausesoftheobesityepidemicaremultipleandcomplex,asthelandmarkForesightreportproducedoveradecadeagounderscored:weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas).TVsandsmartphonesinbedroomsandrelianceoncarsplaytheirpart;sotoodofooddeserts,wherefruitandvegetablesareexpensiveorinaccessible,whichleavesthemoreeconomicallystrappedsectorofthepopulationchoosingtofillahungrychildwithdonutsratherthanapples.

Butonefactorleapsout:greed.TheproblemisnotgluttonybyagenerationofAugustusGloopsbuttheavariceoftheWillyWonkaswhopressjunkfoodonconsumers,thenprofesssurpriseattheresults.Thetacticsofbigfoodare,astheglobalhealthorganisationVitalStrategiespointsoutinitsreportFoolMeTwice,strikinglysimilartothoseofbigtobaccoovertheyears.Butbigfoodhastheadvantagethateveryoneneedstoeat,whilenooneneedstosmoke,andthatabiscuitdoesnotdamagehealthasacigarettedoes,obesitynotwithstanding.Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver—aswellasbeinghabit-forming.

Othercountrieshavebeenfarbolderintacklingtheindustry,insteadofrelyingonvoluntaryaction.InLatinAmerica,governmentshaveforcedcompaniestoremovecartooncharacters-naturallyaninstantappealtoyoungchildren—fromcerealboxes,imposedjunkfoodtaxesandorderedschooltuckshopstoreplacehigh-salt/sugarproductswithfruitandvegetables.Tougherrulesreshapeconsumerperceptionsanddecisionsandindoingso,theycanalsopushcompaniesintochangingproducts.

Abanonjunkfoodadvertisingbeforethe9p.m.watershedislongoverdue.Itshouldbesupplementedbyabanonpromotionsandpricecutsfor“sharing”bagsofchocolates,asActiononSugarurgedlastmonth,andthesugartaxondrinkscouldbeextendedtofoodproducts,withtherevenuechannelledintoinitiativesmakingfreshproducemoreaffordableandattractivetoconsumers.Thegovernment'sfailuretoforcechangemeansthattherestofuswillpaytheprice—inillhealthandhighertaxes—asbigfoodrakesintheprofits.

1.Findingsandstudiesdemonstratethat（

）.

2.Whodoestheauthorbelievetobeprimarilyresponsibleforfailingtostopobesity?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinferredinthepassage

（

）.

4.Which"chainofevents"isindicatedinthepassage?

5.Companypolicytomanufacturefamily-sizepacksofunhealthyfoodwhilestatingthatitistheconsumerwhoisresponsibleforlimitingwhattheyeatisanexampleof（

）.

問題1選項

A.theobesityproblemislargelyaEuropeanone

B.unhealthychildrenhaveunhealthyparents

C.therearemoreobesechildreninlowersocio-economicareas

D.peoplenowaredyingyounger

問題2選項

A.Parents.

B.Advertisers.

C.Government.

D.Manufacturers.

問題3選項

A.therearemoreobesechildrenthanadults

B.obesitywilldrainfundsfromgovernmentresources

C.corporationsdonotcareaboutobesity

D.lackofphysicalactivitycontributestoobesity

問題4選項

A.Newgovernmentlawsconsumersbuydifferentitemsmanufacturerschangeproducts.

B.Manufacturersincreasesugarcontentmorechildrenbuyproductslifespanisshortened.

C.Regularexerciseprogramlearningtocookownfoodreductioninobesity.

D.Televisionadvertisingisregulatedmanufacturersloserevenueproductcostsdecrease.

問題5選項

A.analogy

B.rhetoric

C.hypocrisy

D.sophistry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。文章第四段第二句提到weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas)貧困地區(qū)的肥胖人數(shù)是富裕地區(qū)的兩倍，選項C“經(jīng)濟不發(fā)達地區(qū)的肥胖人數(shù)更多”符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到其他國家的政府采取措施強制廣告商、生產(chǎn)商對那些容易發(fā)胖的食物進行改良，比如拉美的一些國家。文章最后一段提到，如果政府不采取措施制止，最后買單的還是民眾。由此可知，之所以在阻止肥胖上沒有成功，是政府沒有采取相應(yīng)的措施。選項C符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文章第二段第一句話提到thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservice肥胖問題會使得醫(yī)療服務(wù)破產(chǎn)，因此選項B可以排除；文章第五段提到一些食品公司用各種手段吸引消費者，并沒有考慮食物是否會導(dǎo)致他們肥胖，因此選項C可以排除；文章第三段提到ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions學(xué)校為學(xué)生們增加了一年的體育鍛煉課程，說明缺乏運動也是導(dǎo)致肥胖的一個原因，因此選項D可以排除。綜上，選項A符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到禁止在早上九點之前播放垃圾食品廣告這個方法已經(jīng)過時，而是應(yīng)該對那些含糖分高的垃圾食品從推廣到稅收都采取相關(guān)措施。如果政府在這些方面無法調(diào)控的話，最終買單的是民眾——健康受損，稅也要納更多。選項A“新政策實施；消費者購買東西的種類增加；生產(chǎn)商改變生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分提到那些食品公司一方面說食物攝取的多少看個人自律程度，另一方面又將包裝家庭分量的食物賣給個人，也不管這些食物是高鹽，高糖分（Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver-aswellasbeinghabit-forming）。由此可知，這是在詭辯。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Inhiswill,themillionaire（）nearlyallhisfortunestothehousemaidwhotookcareofhiminhislastdays.

問題1選項

A.inherited

B.bequeathed

C.owed

D.remitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。inherit“繼承（遺產(chǎn)）等”；bequeath“將（財物等）遺贈給”；owe“感恩；虧欠”；remit“寬??；匯款”。句意：在他的遺囑中，這個百萬富翁將他幾乎全部的財產(chǎn)留給了在他最后日子里照顧他的女傭。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweakness:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountistheauthentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,theunauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveralauthentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe”storyoflife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項

A.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.knowsthesubjectsverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

問題2選項

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubject’slives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

問題3選項

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

問題4選項

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

問題5選項

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicofdifferentkindsofbiographies.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.”要想成功，作家必須意識到這些，并根據(jù)主題對它們進行評估，選好相應(yīng)的位置。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive...”當(dāng)他們的主人公是英雄或著名人物時，傳記往往透露出一種民主動機。這與第二段的最后一句相呼應(yīng)。所以選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell‘the’storyoflife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.”沒有人能夠講述“生命的故事，甚至可能連主題都沒有，傳記的歷史已經(jīng)證明了這一點。所以選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)第四段的第三句“'Unauthorized'biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.”未經(jīng)授權(quán)的傳記也有其吸引力，因為它們能表明傳記作者思想的獨立性。選項C符合句意。

5.這篇文章主要是描述傳記作者很難找到合適的視角來完成他的工作。選項B更符合主題

4.單選題

Thepartsofthemachinewhichexperiencealotoffrictionhavetobemadefrom（）materials.

問題1選項

A.sufferable

B.bearable

C.durable

D.enumerable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sufferable“可忍耐的，可容忍的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；durable“耐用的，持久的”；enumerable“可列舉的，可點數(shù)的”。句意：經(jīng)過大量摩擦的機器零部件必須使用耐用的材料。選項C符合題意。

5.填空題

Pesticides,themostcost-effective（1）ofpestandweedcontrol,allowthemaintenanceofcurrentyieldsandsocontribute（2）economicviability.Concernabouttheenvironmentalimpactofrepeatedpesticideusehaspromptedresearchintotheenvironmentalfateoftheseagents,which（3）emigratefromtreatedfieldstoair,otherlandandwaterbodies.How（4）thepesticideremainsinthesoildependsonhowstronglyitisboundbysoilcomponentsandhowreadilyitisdegraded.It（5）dependsontheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeofapplication,e.g.oilwatercontent.Pesticideusemustensurepublicsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionwith（6）toboththechemicalitselfandtheirpotentiallyharmfulmetabolites.Thispaperreviewswhatisknownofthe（7）ofthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofthesoilsystem,suchasmoisturecontent,organicmatterandclaycontents,andpH,onthesorption/desorptionanddegradationofpesticidesandtheiraccesstogroundwaterandsurfacewaters.Anunderstandingofthefateofpesticidesisessentialforrationaldecision-takingregardingtheirauthorization.Toreachanadequateunderstandingwillrequiretheconcourse（8）soilscience,claymineralogy,physicalchemistry,surfacechemistry,environmentalmicrobiology,plantphysiologyand,nodoubt,otherdisciplines.

（9）throughamultidisciplinaryapproachtoenvironmentalresearchwillitbepossibletoplan,manage,pursueandintegratetheresultsofthestudiesthatwillbenecessaryforthedevelopmentoftoolsandtechniquesallowingeffectiveenvironmentaldecision-making.Thereseemstobeagreatpotentialtodevelopmicrobiallyderivedpesticides,whichareeffective,reliableandhavea（10）environmentalrisk.Inaddition,newapplicationtechniques,forexampleprecisionbandspraying,canreducethedose,whichcanbeaveryeffectivewaytominimizetransportandemissionbutalsotoavoidabuild-upofresistanceintargetorganisms.Improvedformulationswillalsobeneededtoreduceoff-targetdeposition,improveretentionontarget,andenhanceuptakeandtranslocation.

【答案】（1）Means。

（2）to。

（3）can。

（4）long。

（5）also。

（6）regards。

（7）influence。

（8）of。

（9）Only。

（10）low。

【解析】1.語義連接。句意：農(nóng)藥是除害蟲和雜草的最有效的（）。means：方式，手段。

2.固定搭配。contributeto：有助于。

3.語義連接。句意：農(nóng)藥重復(fù)使用對環(huán)境造成污染，此現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)引起了研究機構(gòu)的注意，污染治理的范圍將不僅僅局限于土壤本身，可能轉(zhuǎn)向其他領(lǐng)域。

4.語義連接。howlong：多久，表示時間長度。句意：農(nóng)藥在土壤中殘留多久，取決于它的強度。

5.語義連接。前句提到農(nóng)藥在土壤中殘留程度取決于多方面因素，接著講述也取決于……

6.固定搭配。Withregardsto：關(guān)于，考慮到。

7.語義連接。句意：本文綜述了土壤系統(tǒng)的物理和化學(xué)特性（如含水量、有機質(zhì)和粘土含量、pH值）對農(nóng)藥的吸附/解吸和降解及其進入地下水和地表水的影響。influence：影響。

8.語義題。concourse：綜合?？崭裉幪罱樵~of，此處表示各學(xué)科的綜合。

9.固定搭配。句子是部分倒裝句，狀語提前放到句首，謂語動詞放在主語前面。表示：只有通過……才……。

10.邏輯分析。微生物源農(nóng)藥更effective，reliable（有效，可靠），應(yīng)該對應(yīng)alowenvironmentalrisk（低風(fēng)險）。

6.寫作題

Directions:Opinionsvaryaboutthemostimportantfactorthatinfluencesastudent’ssuccessinschool.Somepeoplearguethatthemostimportantfactorisagoodteacher.Giveyourcommentbyusingspecificreasonsandexamples.Pleasewriteanessayonthistopicinnolessthan200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考范文】

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonwhatisthemostimportantfactortoinfluencestudents’successinschool.Somepeoplethinkthemostimportantfactoristhestudents’intellectualabilityorstudents’interestinlearning,whileothersbelievethatateacherwithrichteachingexperienceisthemostimportant,becausesuchateachercangivestudentsthemostaccurateguidanceinclass.Personally,Ibelievethattherearemanyfactorsthataffectstudents’academicperformance,althoughteachersareimportant,thefoundationoflearninglieswiththestudentsthemselves.

Firstly,studentsarethesubjectsoflearningandthebearersoflearningtasks.Iftheyarenotwillingtolearn,orthereareproblemsinlearningmethodsandattitudes,itisquitenormalthattheydonothaveobviousachievements.Therefore,inordertogetstudentstodowell,thefirstproblemtobesolvedshouldbetoarousestudents’learningenthusiasm,teachthemthelearningmethodsandskillstheyshouldhave,andmakethemwillingtolearn,otherwiseothereffortswillbeinvain.

Secondly,theteacher’steachingisalsoveryimportant.Therealmastersarethosewhoaregoodatsimplifyingcomplexproblems,notthoseso-calledexpertswhoaremystifying.Iftheteachercansystemizethefragmentedknowledge,simplifythecomplexknowledge,maketheboringknowledgeinteresting,andteachsomelearningskills,itwillgreatlyreducethedifficultyofstudents’learning,sothatmorestudentswillbewillingtolearn.Butit’sallbasedonstudents’willingnesstolearn.

Inconclusion,themostimportantfactoraffectingstudents’academicperformanceisthestudentsthemselves.Ifwecanworkonthefactorsthatcanbechanged,Ibelievethatourstudents’performancewillimprove.

7.不定項選擇題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

4.Theword“arbiters”（line6,paragraph4）mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項

A.Indifferent.

B.Supportive.

C.Indignant.

D.Apprehensive.

問題3選項

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:本題考查了對細節(jié)的理解。題目問的是并購支持者為什么認為鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)不會形成壟斷。答案要在第二段的前半段中找，因為后半段說的是貨主們的觀點。支持者們認為：“Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.”，意思是：因為要和卡車（指公路運輸）競爭，所以不存在壟斷的可能。所以C選項最符合文章的意思。A項不對，文章說支持者認為合并能降低成本，與競爭沒有關(guān)系。B項沒有根據(jù)。D項把主語和賓語弄反了，而且也不是支持者的觀點，所以也是錯誤的。

第2題:這題和上一題是一樣的。上題問的是支持者的觀點，本題問的是貨主的態(tài)度，要求考生根據(jù)文中所提供的線索做判斷。通過文章中幾處對托運商的描述，如：“Butmanyshipperscomplainthat...”（第二段），“Manycaptiveshippersalsoworry...”（第五段），“Manycaptiveshippersfearthat...”（第五段），我們可以判斷出貨主的態(tài)度是憂慮的，對未來的狀況憂心忡忡。所以D選項是正確的。C項并不對。C項的含義是“憤怒的”。這篇文章是論說性的文章，反映的是各方對鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)合并的趨勢和前景的看法。文中的許多描述用的是將來時，因為是對未來的推測。文中并沒有線索說明貨主們有強烈的敵對情緒，C項言過其實了。

第3題:本題考查了段落細節(jié)的理解。需要考生具有推理能力和引申能力。A項正好與原文意思相反。從第三段第二句中，我們得知鐵路公司合并后，鐵路公司向貨主們收取的費用是以前的20％至30％，所以，應(yīng)該是“Shipperswillbechargedmorewithoutarivalrailroad.”。B項缺乏依據(jù)，所以也是不對的。C項是正確的，因為文章里說到：貨主們?nèi)粽J為鐵路公司收費不合理，可以向聯(lián)邦政府的機構(gòu)申請降低收費。但是，因為申訴的過程耗時費錢，所以極少人提出申訴。由此，我們可以推斷出受到剝削的貨主們不大可能提出申訴。D項說的是政府能保證鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)的公平競爭。這種說法缺乏依據(jù)。事實上，由于貨主們申訴的困難大，更多時候政府部門不會管。

第4題:該題考查的是考生對于具體詞義的掌握及推測能力?！癮rbiter”的意思是“仲裁者”?？忌梢酝ㄟ^上下文猜測到這個含義。這個詞出現(xiàn)在第四段的最后一句，其實它要表述的內(nèi)容已在前一句體現(xiàn)了：“It'satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.”。由此，我們可以猜測出“arbiter”指的是“thosewhoareinthepositionofdeterminingsomething”，就可得出答案B?？忌鷳?yīng)知道，語言交流中，重復(fù)是一種常用的修辭手段，以強調(diào)某個信息或觀點。文章中也常會利用重復(fù)手法。所以，考生猜測詞義時不應(yīng)只限于一個句子，而應(yīng)從上下文尋找線索。D項雖有“determine”一詞，但是意思不對。文中說的意思是，因為鐵路對不同的顧客收取的費用不同，這種不公平使鐵路公司無形中決定了托運商的命運（一些托運商的花費就會比其他托運商的高出很多，從而影響了他們的效益），所以鐵路公司就好比是商場中的裁判，能決定誰贏誰輸。D項的含義不準確。

第5題:該題為細節(jié)推斷題，問的是鐵路花費的上漲主要是用于什么事項。根據(jù)題干定位線索在最后一段，“Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother…”，也就是說鐵路還在不斷借錢去收購合并，從這里得出答案為A，A是原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，而B項，文中提到鐵路公司還沒有足夠的錢去增加投資，以滿足快速發(fā)展的交通的需要，但并不是引起成本提高的主要原因，文章的重點也不是交通的問題。C、D項在全文中均未有明顯提及，是錯誤選項。

8.單選題

Outof（）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:純粹出于報復(fù)，他拼命詆毀她的人品，敗壞她的名譽。

考查形容詞辨析。perfect完美的，純熟的；total全部的，整個的；sheer全然的，純粹的，十足的；integral完整的，整體的。因此C項符合句意。

9.單選題

BynowDadwassixty-five,andwhatlittleleniencehemayoncehavepossessedhadlongsincehardenedinto_______inflexibility.

問題1選項

A.compassionate

B.friendly

C.remorseful

D.steely

【答案】D

【解析】compassionate慈悲的，富于同情心的；friendly友好的;remorseful懊悔的,悔恨的;steely鋼鐵般的,冷酷無情的。句意：父親現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)六十五歲了，他曾經(jīng)擁有的一點點寬容，早已變成了鋼鐵般的冷酷無情。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

ThenIsawinmydream,thatwhentheyweregotoutofthewilderness,theypresentlysawatownbeforethem,andthenameofthetownisVanity;andatthetownthereisafairkept,calledVanityFair;itiskeptalltheyearlong.ItbearsthenameofVanityFair,becausethetownwhereitiskeptislighterthanvanity,andalsobecauseallthatistheresold,orthatcomesthither,isvanity.Asisthesayingofthewise,“Allthatcomesisvanity.”

Thisfairisnonewlybegunbusiness,butathingofancientstanding.Iwillshowyoutheoriginalofit.

Almostfivethousandyearsago,therewerepilgrimswalkingtotheCelestialCity,asthesetwohonestpersonsare;andBeelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion,withtheircompanions,perceivingbythepaththatthepilgrimsmade,thattheirwaytothecitylaythroughthistownofVanity,theycontrivedheretosetupafair;afairwhereinshouldbesoldallsortsofvanity,andthatitshouldlastalltheyearlong.Thereforeatthisfairareallsuchthingssold,ashouses,lands,trades,places,honors,preferments,titles,countries,kingdoms,lusts,pleasures,anddelightsofallsorts,aswives,husbands,children,masters,servants,lives,blood,bodies,souls,silver,gold,pearls,preciousstones,andwhatnot.

And,moreover,atthisfairthereisatalltimestobeseencheats,games,plays,fools,apes,knaves,androgues,andthatofeverykind.Herearetobeseen,too,andthatfornothing,thefts,murders,adulteries,falseswearers,andthatofablood-redcolor.

And,asinotherfairsoflessmoment,therearetheseveralrowsandstreets,undertheirpropernames,wheresuchandsuchwaresarevended;soherelikewiseyouhavetheproperplaces,rows,streets(namely,countriesandkingdoms),wherethewaresofthisfairaresoonesttobefound.HerearetheBritainRow,theFrenchRow,theItalianRow,theSpanishRow,theGermanRow,whereseveralsortsofvanitiesaretobesold.But,asinotherfairs,someonecommodityisasthechiefofallthefair,sothewareofRomeandhergoodsaregreatlypromotedinthisfair;onlyourEnglishnation,withsomeothers,havetakenadislikethereat.

Now,asIsaid,thewaytotheCelestialCityliesjustthroughthistownwherethislustyfairiskept;andhethatwouldgotothecity,andyetnotgothroughthistown,mustneedsgooutoftheworld.ThePrinceofprinceshimself,whenhere,wentthroughthistowntohisowncountry,andthatuponafairdaytoo;yea,andasIthink,itwasBeelzebub,thechieflordofthisfair,thatinvitedhimtobuyofhisvanities;yea,wouldhavemadehimlordofthefair,wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown.

1.Theword“fair”inVanityFairisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Theword“they”inLine3,Paragraph3refersto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaboutVanityFair?

4.WhereisVanityFairsituated?

5.Thepronoun“him”,in“wouldhebuthavedonehimreverenceashewentthroughthetown”refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.justice

B.average

C.atravellingshow

D.market

問題2選項

A.Beelzebub,Apollyon,andLegion

B.thesetwohonestpersons

C.thecompanionsofthethesetwohonestpersons

D.pilgrims

問題3選項

A.Cheating,stealingandkillingprevail