考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南城市建設(shè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南城市建設(shè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hewasfiredbecauseofhis（

）refusaltofolloworders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstinate

B.obedient

C.obsolete

D.obstructive

【答案】A

【解析】obstinate頑固的，倔強(qiáng)的；obedient服從的；obsolete廢棄的；obstructive阻礙的，妨礙的。句意：他因固執(zhí)地拒絕服從命令而被解雇了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

WhenChelseacaughta（）disease,noneofhisfriendswereallowedtovisithim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspicuous

B.contagious

C.consequent

D.captivating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。conspicuous“顯著的；顯而易見的”；contagious“感染性的”；consequent“隨之發(fā)生的”；captivating“迷人的；有魅力的”。句意：Chelsea得了______病，他的朋友們都不允許來看望他。根據(jù)后半句可知Chelsea得的是傳染病。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常，一個(gè)學(xué)生花在住房上的費(fèi)用應(yīng)控制在可支配生活費(fèi)總額的五分之一以內(nèi)。

考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人滿意的；available可獲得的，可購(gòu)得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable適用的，可實(shí)施的。故B符合句意。

4.單選題

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey（）radiationbetter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standinwith

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在太空中，女性比男性有著顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗齻冃枰氖澄锖脱鯕飧?，而且她們更能抵抗輻射?/p>

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。standinwith與……聯(lián)合，合謀;standinfor代替;standupfor支持，堅(jiān)持，standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗。空格處的賓語(yǔ)是“輻射”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Weworktomakemoney,butitis（

）athatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.conflict

C.prejudice

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難”；conflict“沖突，矛盾”；prejudice“偏見；侵害”；paradox“悖論；似非而是的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：我們工作時(shí)為了掙錢，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人通常并不是掙錢最多的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“縮減”；boildown“歸結(jié)”；narrowdown“縮小范圍”。句意：盡管有計(jì)劃縮減額外退休金數(shù)額。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，適應(yīng)環(huán)境的根本事實(shí)是，所有的動(dòng)物和植物都有一定的能力來適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。A選項(xiàng)“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意為“有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意為“一次只能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的一種變化”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；C選項(xiàng)“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意為“能成功地讓自身適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化”，有一定的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力，并不等于成功；D選項(xiàng)“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意為“能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的自然變化，但不能適應(yīng)人為誘導(dǎo)的變化”，原文未提及人為誘導(dǎo)的變化。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)分析。A選項(xiàng)“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意為“環(huán)境的任何變化都需要生物適應(yīng)”，原文是適應(yīng)與生物不適合或者致命的環(huán)境，但不是所有變化都要適應(yīng)；B選項(xiàng)“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意為“植物和動(dòng)物的相似之處多于它們的不同之處”，原文并未就動(dòng)植物的相似處與不同處進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意為“隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展，術(shù)語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化”與原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”隨著知識(shí)和理解的增加，單詞的意義也在變化；D選項(xiàng)“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意為“生物學(xué)家和生理學(xué)家本質(zhì)上研究的是相同的東西”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由acclimatization定位到文章第二段第一句“Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit”，因此，讓我們把適應(yīng)性定義為一個(gè)生物體或生物體的一部分逐漸適應(yīng)一個(gè)通常不適合它或?qū)λ鼇碚f是致命的環(huán)境的過程。由此可知，適應(yīng)也包括負(fù)面的適應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“issimilartoadaptation”，意為“類似于適應(yīng)”，與原文相反，adaptation與acclimatization是兩個(gè)概念；B選項(xiàng)“ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas”意為“現(xiàn)在比以前更重要”，原文并未將過去與現(xiàn)在的重要性進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment”意為“包括積極和消極的適應(yīng)”與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism”意為“可能與一個(gè)生物體的一部分有關(guān)，但與整個(gè)生物體無關(guān)”，與原文不符，原文是生物體或生物體的一部分，因此與整個(gè)生物體有關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由notrequiretheprocessofacclimatization定位到文章第二段第三句“Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，這一術(shù)語(yǔ)不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對(duì)迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，感官做出相對(duì)迅速的調(diào)整不屬于acclimatization。A選項(xiàng)“anoceanfishplacedinalake”，意為“一條被放在湖里的海魚”，B選項(xiàng)“askindivermakingadeepdive”意為“深潛的赤身潛水員”，C選項(xiàng)“anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight”意為“進(jìn)行高空飛行的飛行員”，都屬于相對(duì)緩慢的適應(yīng)過程，因此屬于acclimatization。D選項(xiàng)“apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom”意為“一個(gè)人從有日光的房間進(jìn)入昏黑的房間”，此時(shí)我們的眼睛也就是視覺器官會(huì)立刻做出反應(yīng)，所以這不屬于acclimatization。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由majordistinction定位到文章第二段第二、三句“Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，總的來說，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個(gè)相對(duì)緩慢的過程。這一術(shù)語(yǔ)不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對(duì)迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是個(gè)相對(duì)緩慢的過程，而適應(yīng)是個(gè)相對(duì)快速的過程。A選項(xiàng)“ismoreimportantthanadaptation”意為“比適應(yīng)更重要”，原文未將兩者的重要性進(jìn)行比較；B選項(xiàng)“isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid”意為“相對(duì)緩慢，適應(yīng)相對(duì)快速”，符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments”意為“適用于調(diào)整，而適應(yīng)不適用于調(diào)整”，與原文不符，適應(yīng)也適用于調(diào)整，如感覺器官不斷做出的相對(duì)迅速的調(diào)整；D選項(xiàng)“isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman”意為“適用于所有動(dòng)物和植物，適應(yīng)只用于高等動(dòng)物和人”，原文沒有后半句的相關(guān)表述。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費(fèi)者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對(duì)消費(fèi)者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當(dāng)其沖地承受著這個(gè)行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實(shí)的當(dāng)今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J(rèn)為當(dāng)前的廣告最普遍的錯(cuò)誤就是沒有把女性放在真實(shí)的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實(shí)的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對(duì)家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式。”由此可推斷她建議廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機(jī)構(gòu)和消費(fèi)者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會(huì)非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費(fèi)者認(rèn)真對(duì)待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道?！庇纱丝芍鸢高xB。

9.單選題

（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Muchas

B.Muchthough

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。句意：盡管他們很希望明天就回家，但他們還是決定一直待到年底。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示盡管時(shí)，要將賓語(yǔ)或副詞倒裝，muchas表示盡管很……，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.問答題

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】試題答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示他們把男女的婚齡降了下來，使出生率達(dá)到了20世紀(jì)的高峰。height是名詞，一般表示“高度”；high是形容詞，一般表示“很高的”，修飾名詞。

11.單選題

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”；possibility“可能性”；possession“擁有，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；preference“偏愛，優(yōu)先權(quán)”。句意：調(diào)查結(jié)果描繪了一幅關(guān)于顧客購(gòu)物習(xí)慣的獨(dú)特畫面，以及他們的動(dòng)機(jī)和偏好。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Wecan（

）broadlybetweentheintentionofknowing,andtheintentionofdoing,whichcorrespondroughlytotheconventionaldistinctionbetweenpureandappliedmathematics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.separate

B.extinguish

C.distinguish

D.disguise

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。separate“隔離”；extinguish“壓制”；distinguish“區(qū)分”；disguise“偽裝”。句意：我們可以大致區(qū)分為求知意圖和行為意圖，大約對(duì)應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)對(duì)純理論數(shù)學(xué)和應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的區(qū)分。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisagreatathlete.

B.Sheisafamedspeaker.

C.Sheisafamousscientist.

D.Sheisanotedinventor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving.

B.Hownutritionhelpsathletes’performanceincompetitions.

C.Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ourphysicalstructures.

B.Ourscientificknowledge.

C.Ourbiochemicalprocess.

D.Ourconceptofnutrition.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B.Itmayleadtoathletes’overrelianceonequipment.

C.Itmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.

D.Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Tonight,wehaveaveryspecialguest.[1]Mrs.AnnaSanchezisathree-timeOlympicchampionandauthorofthenewbookTotheEdge.Mrs.Sanchez,thankyouforjoiningus.

W:Thankyouforhavingme.

M:Let’sstartwithyourbook.Whatdoesthetitle“TotheEdge”mean?What’reyoureferringto?

W:[2]Thebookisabouthowscienceandtechnologyhashelpedpushhumanstotheedgeoftheirphysicalabilities.Iarguethatinthepast20years,we’vehadthebestathletestheworldhaseverseen.

M:Butisthisafaircomparison?Howdoyouknowhow,say,afootballplayerfrom50yearsagowouldcomparetoonetoday?

W:Well,youareright.Thatcomparisonwouldbeperhapsimpossibletomake.Butthepointismoreaboutourknowledgetodayofhumanbiochemistry,nutrition,andmechanics.[3]Ibelievethatwhileourbodieshavenotchangedinthousandsofyears,whathaschangedisthescientificknowledge.Thishasallowedathletestopushthelimitsofwhatwaspreviouslythoughtpossible.

M:That’sinteresting.Pleasetellusmoreabouttheseperceivedlimits.

W:Theworldisseeingsportsrecordsbeingbrokenthatcouldonlybebrokenwiththeaidoftechnology.Whetherthisbethespeedofatennisserveorthefastesttimeinahundred-meterdashortwo-hundred-meterswimmingrace.

M:[4]Isthereanyconcernthattechnologyisgivingsomeathletesanunfairadvantageoverothers?

W:Thatisaninterestingquestionandonethathastobeconsideredverycarefully.Skis,forexample,wentfrombeingmadeofwoodtoametalalloy,whichallowsforbettercontrolandfasterspeed.There’snostoppingtechnologicalprogress.But,asIsaid,eachsituationshouldbeconsideredcarefullyonacase-by-casebasis.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutAnnaSanchez?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士，我們可以了解到什么？對(duì)話開頭男士提到今天的嘉賓AnnaSanchez是三屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍（athree-timeOlympicchampion），因此A選項(xiàng)“她是名出色的運(yùn)動(dòng)員”正確。B選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的演說家”和D選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的發(fā)明家”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的科學(xué)家”，主要是利用錄音中提到的science和scientific設(shè)干擾，錄音中女士雖然提及科學(xué)，但這是為了說明科技對(duì)體育的影響，并不是說明女士的身份，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthewoman’sbookmainlyabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問女士的書主要講什么？女士說這本書是關(guān)于科學(xué)和技術(shù)如何促使人類達(dá)到身體能力的極限。D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)如何幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員達(dá)到新的高度”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類生物化學(xué)知識(shí)是如何進(jìn)化的”和B選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)如何幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中的表現(xiàn)”雖然在錄音中有所提及，但不是這本書的主要內(nèi)容，因此均可排除；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練如何使運(yùn)動(dòng)員創(chuàng)造新的紀(jì)錄”，錄音中并沒有提到training（訓(xùn)練），因此C選項(xiàng)也可排除。

3.Whathaschangedinthepastthousandsofyears?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問在過去的幾千年里發(fā)生了什么變化。女士提到，雖然人類的身體幾千年來都沒有改變，但改變的是科學(xué)知識(shí)（scientificknowledge），因此B選項(xiàng)“我們的科學(xué)知識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“我們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)”，錄音中明確提及人類身體是沒有發(fā)生改變的，因此排除A選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“我們的生化過程”和D選項(xiàng)“我們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)觀念”，錄音中提及的是：如今關(guān)于人類生化學(xué)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)和力學(xué)的知識(shí)已發(fā)生變化。變化的是知識(shí)，并不是過程和觀念，因此均不正確。

4.Whatistheman’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnologyinsportscompetitions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于在體育比賽中科技的運(yùn)用，男士擔(dān)心什么？錄音最后，男士問是否有人擔(dān)心科技會(huì)給一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來對(duì)其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)（anunfairadvantageoverothers），C選項(xiàng)“它可能給一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“可能增加體育比賽的費(fèi)用”；B選項(xiàng)“可能導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)設(shè)備的過度依賴”和D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)改變體育比賽的性質(zhì)”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

14.單選題

Thesaleofalcoholsbeveragesis（

）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confined

B.inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“限制”的意思，其中A選項(xiàng)confine暗示束縛性、限制性的或阻撓性的限制；B選項(xiàng)inhibit強(qiáng)調(diào)禁止、抑制；C選項(xiàng)oblige除了“限制”外，還有“迫使”的含義，D選項(xiàng)restrict指限制行為、活動(dòng)、事物的范圍；句意是‘在有些地區(qū)，酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的成年人。’所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.文章主旨題。瀏覽全文，本文的主題人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主題句為原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡羅是一位熱情的政治活動(dòng)家，在她的藝術(shù)中，她不僅尋求探索自己的根源，而且還支持墨西哥爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立的政治和文化身份的斗爭(zhēng)。）”其中的關(guān)鍵詞為herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。從而得出本題答案。

32.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication體現(xiàn)了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political與選項(xiàng)B重現(xiàn)；notonly...butalso...體現(xiàn)了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic為互相補(bǔ)充的關(guān)系。從而得出本題答案。

33.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句?！癐nterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世紀(jì)，人們對(duì)墨西哥文化和歷史的興趣重新燃起，到20世紀(jì)初，墨西哥原住民主義的傾向從對(duì)阿茲特克墨西哥的強(qiáng)烈反西班牙理想化，到強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的關(guān)鍵。）”從而得出本題答案。

34.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段最后一句。“Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思為“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根據(jù)原文中的traditional,ideal判斷得出本題答案。

35.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Kahlo’satti