考研考博-英語-云南財經職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南財經職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

問題1選項

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。即需要將be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞放在主語前，句中的實義動詞位置不變。句意：他只有在獲得相當多的說的能力之后，才學會讀和寫。AD選項都沒有使用倒裝，可以排除，C選項倒裝后句中缺少主語，故選B。

2.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復，恢復成（某個樣子），及物動詞，多用于被動語態(tài)，強調用外力來恢復原狀”。句意：我們真誠地希望你們不久就能恢復健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

3.單選題

Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein（

）.

問題1選項

A.news

B.print

C.publication

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。news意為“新聞，消息”；print意為“印刷業(yè)，印記”；publication意為“出版”；press意為“新聞，出版社”。inprint意為“印出來”。

句意：當看到我的名字出現(xiàn)在出版物上時，我有一種奇怪的興奮感。

4.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問題2選項

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問題3選項

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問題4選項

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實現(xiàn)另一個社區(qū)的代價,”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過這種做法帶來的就業(yè)和相關收入的轉移，一個城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經濟的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來經濟利益。C項“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經濟利益?！闭_。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過專門訓練的制造勞動力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產業(yè)和人才被留在國內，創(chuàng)造了一個既提供就業(yè)又促進進一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”?？芍髡呤菍Ρ就恋钠髽I(yè)持有比較樂觀的態(tài)度。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項“它不會犧牲一個當?shù)貏趧恿Φ睦娑沽硪粋€勞動力受益?！毕喾?。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過講解三種不同的經濟發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢比較明顯，同時三種發(fā)展策略對經濟有哪些好的促進作用。故D項“審查和評估用于刺激經濟發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

YourSmartphoneHasOfficiallyHijackedYourLife(46)It’stimeforyoutotakestepNo.1andacknowledgedthatthereisaproblemthatyouarepowerlesstoresolve—thatthemomentyouandyourdatefinishorderingdinneryoupulloutyoursmartphonesandstarttextingsoyoudon’thavetofacethepossibilityofsilence;thatyouhavecometobelievethatyoumore-or-lessactuallyhavereadWarandPeacebecauseyoureadtheplotsummaryonWikipedia;thatyoufindoutwhatyourkidisuptonotbytalkingtoherbutbymonitoringherFacebookpage;(47)thatatworkyousimplycannotgomorethan10minuteswithoutsurreptitiouslycheckingemailnomatterhowmuchelseyouhavetodo—andthatiftherearenonewmessagesyoufeellikeatotalloser;thatyou’realwaystakingpicturesofyourselfwithyourfriendssoyoucancheckonhowgoodyoulook;thatyoucheatonthecrosswordpuzzle;thateventhoughyou’remarriedyouarealwaysassessingyourmarketvalueon—whichisnotcheating,right?

(48)Butthinkoftheupsides.Youcannevergetlostanymore,youalwaysknowhowtopackforwhereveritisyou’regoing.Youdealwithfewermediocremeals,fewerhotelswithlousyservice.Therearenoticketlinesforthemovie,noneedforpick-uplinesatbarsorexcruciatingintroQ-and-Asatparties,noriskofboredomasyouplayTempleRunorcheckstockpricesbetweensubwaystops.(49)Goneisthefrustrationofnotbeingabletoidentifythesongyou’rehearing,ortheinadequacyofnotknowingthemeaningoftheacronymthattheknow-it-allinthenextofficeusedatyesterday’sstaffmeeting.Instantexpertiseoneverysubject,andallthedatayoucouldimaginetobackupyourownpersonalconvictionsabouttheevilsofgluten,deliveredtoyourbraininpredigestedparagraphs.Cameraatthereadyforeveryphotoop,voicerecorderforwhateverideapopsintoyourheadandoutofyourmouth.(50)Sowhatifyourattentionspanhasbeenfragmentedintonanoseconds,ifyoumeasureyoursociallifebyFacebookfriends,yourprofessionalworthbyGooglehits,andtheworstwordsyoucanimagineare“airplanemode”?

Weareallone-marshmallowOCDnarcissists,grantedbyourdevicesthemagicofcomprehensiveinstantgratification,ofself-reinforcingworldviews,ofcontroloverthedailyminutiaofourfatesandfortunes.Tonotbeirrevocablyaddictedtooursmartphoneswouldbesenseless.

Thatbeingsaid,whyisitthattheessenceofourapp-mediatedexistenceseemssoeerilyreminiscentofsomeofourmostfamousandenduringvisionsofdystopia?

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.是時候采取第一步，承認你有一個無力解決的問題。

47.在工作中，不管你還有多少事要做，你根本無法超過十分鐘不去偷偷地查看郵件，而且如果沒有新消息，你會覺得自己是一個十足的失敗者。

48.但是想想好的方面。你再也不會迷路了，而且無論去哪里，你都知道怎么打包行李。

49.無法辨別聽到的歌曲的挫敗感，或者不知道隔壁辦公室那個萬事通在昨天的員工會議上使用的首字母縮略詞的意思的不足感都已經消失了。

50.所以，如果你的注意力被分割成幾納秒，如果你用臉書上的好友數(shù)來衡量你的社交生活，用谷歌點擊量來衡量你的職業(yè)價值而你能想到的最糟糕的詞是“飛行模式”，那將會怎么樣？

6.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

問題1選項

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

問題2選項

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

問題3選項

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

問題4選項

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

問題5選項

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，一個商品的機會成本是什么？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.（比如說，建造一架超音速飛機的真正成本是因此造成學校和冰箱永遠不會被建立。每一種生產行為都會消耗一些社會可用資源；它意味著放棄一個生產其他東西的機會。在決定如何最有效地利用資源以滿足社會需求時，必須考慮到這種機會成本。）可知，機會成本是指一種生產行為導致了另外一種生產的機會的喪失，即生產一種產品的機會成本可能是生產其他產品的價值，D項“本可以生產的東西的價值”正確；A項“生產過程中所消耗的材料、勞動力和其他要素的價格”、B項“生產它所花費的時間和金錢”和C項“生產過程中使用的所有資源的價值”都是包括在“生產一種產品是生產其他產品的價值”內。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“生產與資源的關系是什么？”。根據(jù)第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無論在絕對意義上還是相對意義上，資源都可以說是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對稀缺……為一種目的使用的材料不得同時為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個生產過程中的增加使用必然會導致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）可以推知，如果資源投入的數(shù)量有限，生產過程中的增加使用會減少可用資源的數(shù)量，A項“生產減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”正確；由此也可知B項“生產與資源無關”和C項“生產隨著資源的增加而增加”錯誤；D項“生產是由可用資源刺激的”不能推斷出來。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“在市場經濟中，什么決定了一件商品的價格？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.（在市場經濟中，一種商品的價格和供給量取決于生產該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產其他商品的成本。）可知，A項“生產中涉及的所有要素的成本”正確；由此也可知B項“提供材料的數(shù)量”和C項“生產過程的效率”錯誤；D項“勞動力成本”是包括在成本之內的，除了勞動力成本還有其他要素的成本。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個陳述是正確的？”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…（在市場經濟中，一種商品的價格和供給量取決于生產該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產其他商品的成本。比方說，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產過程中所消耗的其他元素的價格。但反過來，這些原料的價格取決于它們在其他地方能生產什么……）可知，產品的價格取決于生產中涉及的所有要素的成本，反過來，投入的材料的價格由能夠生產的其他產品決定，即機會成本，所以可以推斷，產品的價格反映了機會成本，D項“產品的價格反映了它的機會成本”正確；由此也可知C項“產品的價格反映了它在社會中的實用性”錯誤；A項“產品成本反映了它在社會中的實用性”表述不正確，產品的成本有很多要素，其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社會中的實用性；B項“產品的成本取決于它的質量”錯誤，產品的成本包括很多要素，而其中的原料成本取決于能夠生產的其他產品是什么。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在資源方面，經濟學家關心什么？”。第一段講了資源的相對稀缺性：Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無論在絕對意義上還是相對意義上，資源都可以說是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對稀缺；但是，經濟學家關注的稀缺性是不同用途資源的相對稀缺性。為一種目的使用的材料不得同時為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個生產過程中的增加使用必然會導致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）然后第二段主要闡述產品的機會成本，綜合推理可知，在資源方面，經濟學家關心的是如何利用現(xiàn)有的資源，C項“如何合理利用現(xiàn)有資源”正確；A項“如何開發(fā)自然資源”文中沒有提及；B項“如何應對資源的絕對稀缺”不正確，在第一段就提到了經濟學家關注的是相對稀缺性；D項“如何將資源的絕對稀缺轉化為相對稀缺”與文意不符。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

Iwillholdyoupersonally（）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

問題1選項

A.responsible

B.diverse

C.feasible

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項responsible“負責的，可靠的”；B選項diverse“不同的，相異的”；C選項feasible“可行的，可能的”；D選項lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：如果這個項目出了什么差錯，我將追究你的（）。本句表達的意思是“會追究你的責任”，因此A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Don’tgettheideathatI’veboughtanewcar.SincethemotorofmyoldVolkswagenstartedtomakeanoddnoiselastweek,I’mhavingitrepaired.Idrivethissubstituteforafewdays.

問題1選項

A.gettheideathat

B.I’mhavingitrepaired

C.drive

D.forafewdays

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】C

【解析】時態(tài)錯誤。把drive改成havebeendriving。根據(jù)后面的afewdays跟句意可知C處應該用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。

9.單選題

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

問題1選項

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

問題2選項

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

問題3選項

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

問題4選項

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果兒童對新情況缺乏一個快速的反應，并且不能推斷出該做什么，他就會觀察學習那些能給出正確結果的人。孩子尋找權威人士或專家來告訴他們該做什么?！笨芍⒆幽７聦W習的首要原因是他們需要找到一種能得到想要的結果的方式，他們并不是模仿所有的東西。由此可知B項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第三段的舉例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也許能夠達到他的直接目標，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的方法招致了觀察他的人的批評?！币约啊癟hus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解決任何客觀情況的愿望都被以恰當方式解決問題的愿望所覆蓋?！笨芍眠m當?shù)姆椒▉斫鉀Q問題很重要。答案A

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一個學生想成為一名優(yōu)秀的小提琴手，他會觀察并嘗試模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜歡閱讀，那么書本上的對他影響最大的人可能是其想模仿的對象?！惫蔆項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣賞一個人的某種品質常常會令我們仰慕整個人，這個人就變成了我們的榜樣。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推斷出該詞意為“榜樣”，故答案A

10.單選題

TheRomanswerehardworkingandfrugal,self-reliant,seriousabouttheirresponsibilitiesandsteadfastinthefaceofadversity.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.cautious

C.courageous

D.righteous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.economical節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的B.cautious小心的，謹慎的

C.courageous勇敢的，無畏的D.righteous公正的，正直的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】frugal的意思為“（對金錢、食物等）節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的”，用來形容theRomans，指的是羅馬人很勤儉節(jié)約，economical與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】羅馬人勤勞節(jié)儉，自力更生，認真履行他們的責任，面對逆境也堅定不移。

11.單選題

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

問題1選項

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。while在這里的意思為“盡管”；since“因為；由于，既然”，because“因為”；when“當……”。根據(jù)句子意思推斷選項A最符合題意。句意為：盡管我們對于乳腺癌了解很多，但是關于治療的最精準的方法仍處于測試階段。

12.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

問題1選項

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，卻做了。句意：早知道是個小型家庭聚會，我們本不必穿這么正式。因此A選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

問題1選項

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項為“渴望去做某事”；B選項為“遲到”;C選項為“對……漠不關心”；D選項為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項。

14.單選題

Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.

問題1選項

A.aerosol

B.crate

C.margarine

D.gadget

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.aerosol噴霧器B.crate大木箱；板條箱

C.margarine人造黃油D.gadget小器具；小配件

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由第二句句意“這是用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的”可知，空格處是一種將雞蛋的蛋清和蛋白分離的工具，D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】你見過那個方便的小工具嗎？它可以用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的。

15.單選題

ThescientistshaveWadea（）studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.

問題1選項

A.exhausted

B.exhausting

C.exhaustive

D.exhaustion

【答案】C

【解析】句意:科學家已經對產生疾病的病菌做了詳盡的研究。

考查形近詞辨析。exhausted筋疲力盡的，耗盡的；exhausting使人疲憊不堪的；exhaustive詳盡的，徹底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力盡，耗盡。因此C項正確。

16.不定項選擇題

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

問題1選項

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

問題2選項

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

問題3選項

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

問題4選項

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

問題5選項

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，適應環(huán)境的根本事實是，所有的動物和植物都有一定的能力來適應環(huán)境的變化。A選項“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意為“有適應環(huán)境的能力”，與原文相符；B選項“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意為“一次只能適應環(huán)境的一種變化”，原文沒有相關表達；C選項“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意為“能成功地讓自身適應環(huán)境的變化”，有一定的適應環(huán)境變化的能力，并不等于成功；D選項“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意為“能適應環(huán)境的自然變化，但不能適應人為誘導的變化”，原文未提及人為誘導的變化。因此A選項符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結合選項和題干可知，本題需要四個選項逐個分析。A選項“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意為“環(huán)境的任何變化都需要生物適應”，原文是適應與生物不適合或者致命的環(huán)境，但不是所有變化都要適應；B選項“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意為“植物和動物的相似之處多于它們的不同之處”，原文并未就動植物的相似處與不同處進行比較；C選項“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意為“隨著科學的發(fā)展，術語的內涵可能會發(fā)生變化”與原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”隨著知識和理解的增加，單詞的意義也在變化；D選項“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意為“生物學家和生理學家本質上研究的是