考研考博-英語-中國藥科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國藥科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theirobsessionwithconsumption.

B.Theirfailuretoaccumulatewealth.

C.Theever-increasingcostsofhousing.

D.Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsthatareraretofind.

B.Thingsthatcostlessmoney.

C.Thingsthatboostefficiency.

D.Thingsthatwecherishmost.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyservemultiplepurposes.

B.Theybenefittheenvironment.

C.Theyaremostlydurable.

D.Theyareeasilydisposable.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingOne

DidyouknowthatAmericanshaveapproximatelythreetimestheamountofspacewehavefiftyyearsago?Therefore,you’dthinkwe’dhavesufficientroomforallofourpossessions.Onthecontrary,thepersonalstoragebusinessisnowagrowingindustry.We’vegottriplethespace,but[16]we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumersthatwerequireevenmore.Thisphenomenonhasresultedinsignificantcreditcarddebt,enormousenvironmentalfootprints,andperhapsnotcoincidentally,ourhappinesslevelshavefailedtoincreaseoverthesamehalfcentury.

I’mheretosuggestanalternative—thathavinglessmightactuallybeapreferabledecision.Manyofushaveexperienced,atsomestage,thepleasureofpossessingless.Iproposethatlessstuffandlessspacecannotonlyhelpyoueconomize,butalsosimplifyyourlife.IrecentlystartedaninnovativeprojecttodiscoversomecreativesolutionsthatofferedmeeverythingIrequired.Bypurchasinganapartmentthatwas40squaremetersinsteadof60,Iimmediatelysaved$200,000.Smallerspaceleadstoreducedutilitybillsandalsoasmallercarbonfootprintbecauseit’sdesignedaroundaneditedcollectionofpossessions,limitedtomyfavoritestuff.I’mreallyexcitedtolivethere.

Howcanwelivemorebasically?Firstly,wemustruthlesslycuttheunnecessaryobjectsoutofourlives.Tostemconsumption,weshouldthinkbeforewebuy,andaskourselves,“willittrulymakemehappier?”O(jiān)bviously,weshouldpossesssomegreatstuff,[17]butwewantbelongingsthatwe’regoingtoloveforyears.Secondly,werequirespaceefficiency.Wewantappliancesthataredesignedforusemostofthetime,notforoccasionaluse.Whyownasix-burnerstovewhenyourarelyuseeventhreeburners?Finally,[18]weneedmultifunctionalspacesandhousewares.Icombinedamovablewallwithtransformingfurnituretogetmoreoutofmylimitedspace.Considermycoffeetable.Itincreasesinsizetoaccommodateten.Myofficeistuggedaway,easilyhidden.Mybedsimplypopsoutthewall.Forgas,IcanrelocatethemovablewallandutilizethefoldableguestbedsIinstalled.

I’mnotsaying,weshouldallliveintinierapartments,butconsiderthebenefitsofaneditedlife.Whenyoureturnhomeandwalkthroughyourfrontdoor,takeamomenttoaskyourselves,“couldIdowithalittlelifeediting?Willthatgivememorefreedomandmoretime?”

16.WhathaspreventedAmericanshappinesslevelsfromincreasing?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么阻礙了美國人幸福水平的提高？錄音提到，這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了大量的信用卡債務(wù)……而且也許并非巧合的是，我們的幸福水平在過去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里并沒有提高。這一現(xiàn)象即上一句提到的：我們已經(jīng)成為如此熱情的消費(fèi)者。A選項(xiàng)“他們（美國人）對消費(fèi)的癡迷”是對原文we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumers的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒有積累財(cái)富”和C項(xiàng)“日益增長的住房成本”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的惡化”，利用environment設(shè)置干擾，錄音原文所說的是大量環(huán)境足跡而不是環(huán)境惡化，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

17.Whatthingsshouldwepossessaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)說話者的說法，我們應(yīng)該擁有哪些東西？錄音中說話者提到：顯然，我們應(yīng)該擁有一些很棒的東西，但我們想要的是能讓我們喜歡多年的東西。因此D選項(xiàng)“我們最珍惜的東西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“很難找到的東西”和B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)較少的東西”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“能提高效率的東西”，利用錄音中的efficiency設(shè)置干擾，錄音中只是提到我們需要空間效率，選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，因此排除。

18.Whatdowelearnabouttheitemsinthespeaker’shome?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問我們從說話者家里的物品中了解到什么？錄音中提到說話人認(rèn)為我們需要更多的空間以及多功能的家庭用品，接著講述了自己家里的物品，他把活動墻和改造家具結(jié)合起來，讓有限的空間得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多種用途，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“它們對環(huán)境有益”；C選項(xiàng)“它們大多是耐用的”；D選項(xiàng)“它們很容易被丟棄”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

2.單選題

Harnessingthewindto（）electricitydatesbackto1890.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manufacture

B.yield

C.grow

D.generate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:利用風(fēng)來發(fā)電可追溯到1890年。

考查動詞辨析。Manufacture制造,加工;yield出產(chǎn)(作物),產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等),提供,放棄;grow擴(kuò)大,增加,增強(qiáng);generate產(chǎn)生,引起,發(fā)(電)。故D符合句意。

3.單選題

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remnants“殘余；殘留物”；B選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救；解決辦法”；C選項(xiàng)remains“殘余物；剩飯菜”；D選項(xiàng)remainder“殘余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都離開了，……坐著等。remnants一般是指殘余部分、殘跡。remains一般是指古跡，遺跡；遺骸等。句中的主語是人，大部分都走了，還有一部分剩下的人坐著等。remainder做名詞時(shí)側(cè)重于人和錢的剩余。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；preference“偏愛，傾向，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺得他的話題從他對問題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

TheChinagovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontodoublethecountry’sinvestmentinresearchonsolarpoweroverthenextthreeyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheChinagovernment

B.itsintentiontodouble

C.inresearchon

D.overthenext

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】theChinagovernment應(yīng)改為theChinesegovernment或thegovernmentofChina.

6.單選題

Sincetheearly1990s,conservationistshave_______protectingtheAmazoninpartbecauseofitsabundanceofplantandanimalspecies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledforth

B.calledback

C.calledup

D.calledfor

【答案】D

【解析】calledforth引起,喚起;calledback召回;calledup召集,提出;calledfor呼吁,提倡。句意：自從1990年起,環(huán)保人士一直呼吁保護(hù)亞馬遜,因?yàn)樵摰貐^(qū)有著豐富的動植物物種。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)resultfrom“產(chǎn)生于……，由……引起”；B選項(xiàng)settledown“定居”；C選項(xiàng)liein“在于，位于”；D選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致，把……帶到”。根據(jù)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知選D，表示慷慨的公共資助會給國家?guī)砗锰帯＞湟猓簩A(chǔ)科學(xué)慷慨的公共資助將為國家的健康、財(cái)富和安全帶來可觀的好處。

8.填空題

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文語境。根據(jù)Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并沒有像氣候模型預(yù)測的那樣變暖）中的predicted可知此處應(yīng)該是predictions.句意：《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，小型火山爆發(fā)可能是全球變暖速度沒有跟上之前預(yù)測的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞。選項(xiàng)中能與atmosphere搭配的形容詞是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（對地球表面和低層大氣的溫度的影響）符合句意。

68.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)程度副詞修飾little表示“相當(dāng)小”。根據(jù)句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在過去，研究人員觀察到溫室氣體水平的增加和全球變暖，但在過去的15年里，地球表面的溫度幾乎沒有顯示出相當(dāng)小的變暖跡象），可知應(yīng)該填入relatively程度副詞。

69.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法。前面有不定冠詞a和形容詞clear,此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有signal符合。句意：我們所展示的是，即使沒有任何計(jì)算機(jī)模型計(jì)算，也有明確的信號表明，這些早期的火山活動對溫度和大氣反射的陽光產(chǎn)生了影響。

70.

考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)hasbeenlargely…by判斷，這里是一個(gè)被動語態(tài)，需要填動詞的過去分詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有ignored是過去分詞。句意：到目前為止，這種降溫效應(yīng)在很大程度上一直被氣候科學(xué)家所忽視。

9.翻譯題

當(dāng)中國成為世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體時(shí)，我們會有什么感受？答案不用多久就會揭曉。幾周前國際貨幣基金組織發(fā)布一項(xiàng)報(bào)告指出，中國將會在五年內(nèi)成為世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

隨著中國日益崛起成為超級經(jīng)濟(jì)大國，一國的財(cái)富與個(gè)人財(cái)富的聯(lián)系正在被打破。中國既比西方國家富有，也比西方國家貧窮，它坐擁3萬億美元的外匯儲備，然而如果按當(dāng)前匯率來計(jì)算，美國的人均財(cái)力是中國的十倍。

美國社會的相對富裕正是中國成為世界最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體之時(shí)卻不能成為世界最強(qiáng)國的原因之一。人們習(xí)慣性地把美國當(dāng)成是世界唯一超級大國，這也讓美國的世界政治主導(dǎo)地位比其經(jīng)濟(jì)地位更加長久。美國在世界各大機(jī)構(gòu)中都有根深蒂固的地位。有一個(gè)很重要的事實(shí)是，聯(lián)合國，國際貨幣基金組織以及世界銀行均坐落于美國。中國由于經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的崛起而引發(fā)的政治問題，其鄰國的感受最為強(qiáng)烈。日本、南韓和澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)和戰(zhàn)略利益正在日益分歧，這三個(gè)國家都與中國有非常重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系，同時(shí)它們與美國也有相當(dāng)重要的軍事聯(lián)系。但是隨著時(shí)間的推移，中國的不斷增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量將會變得越來越舉足輕重。

【答案】HowwillitfeelwhenChinabecomestheworld’slargesteconomy?Theanswermaybefoundoutquitesoon.Afewweeksago,theInternationalMonetaryFundissuedareportthatChinawouldbenumberonewithinfiveyears.andmoreheavily.

AsChinaemergesasaneconomicsuperpower,theconnectionbetweennationalandpersonalaffluenceisbeingbroken.Chinaisbothricherandpoorerthanthewesternworld.Itissittingonforeignreservesworth$3trillion.Andyet,measuredatcurrentexchangerates,theaverageAmericanisabout10timesaswealthyastheaverageChinese.

TherelativeaffluenceofUSsocietyisonereasonwhyChinawillnotbecometheworld’smostpowerfulcountryonthedaythatitbecomesthelargesteconomy.Theworld’shabitoflookingtotheUSasthe“solesuperpower”alsomakesitlikelythatAmerica’spoliticaldominancewilloutlastitseconomicsupremacy.Americahasanentrenchedpositioninglobalinstitutions.ItmattersthattheUnitedNations,theIMFandtheWorldBankareallsituatedintheUS.

ThepoliticalquestionsraisedbyitseconomicpowerwillbefeltmostacutelyinChina’simmediateneighbourhood.Japan,SouthKoreaandAustralianowfindthattheireconomicandstrategicinterestsarepointingindifferentdirections.AllthreecountrieshavetheirmostimportanteconomicrelationshipwithChina,andtheirmostimportantmilitaryrelationshipwiththeUS.But,overtime,thegrowingeconomicpowerofChinawillweighmoreandmoreheavily.

10.單選題

Pumas,whicharelarge,cat-likeanimals,willnotattackhumanbeingsifthey______undisturbed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leave

B.left

C.areleft

D.haveleft

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動物，如果不受打擾，它是不會攻擊人類的。不受打擾是被動語態(tài)，用be動詞+過去分詞。其它三項(xiàng)不能用于被動語態(tài)的形式。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

12.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tony絲毫沒有放棄其研究工作的打算。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

13.單選題

Japanisgoingthroughacomplexnationalidentitycrisis.Thatmaybenobadthing,saysanewbookbyanAmericanacademicJapanologist.Theeconomyisstalled,butthesocietyisinmotion.Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways;theychangeinanincrementalprocess,generallyofsmallstepsbutwhich,overtime,canadduptobigmovements.Andjustsuchabigmovementseemstobetakingplace.

Mr.Nathan,aprofessorofJapaneseculturalstudies,hasbeenobservingJapansincethe1960s.Whereasmostpeoplelookateconomicdataorthecomingsandgoingsofprimeministers,heismoreinterestedinschools,novels,comicbooks,andthemindsofyoungentrepreneursandmavericklocalpoliticians.Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamouslycohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry’ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.

Fracturesarewhathelooksforandfracturesarewhathefinds.Onbalance,theyareneitherobviouslydangerousnorobviouslypositive,buttheyare,ashesays,signsofmotionwhichcould,intime,leadinunpredictabledirections.Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious.Now,though,Mr.Nathan’snumbersdomakethesituationlookgrave.

Since1998,youthsagedbetween14and19havebeeninvolvedin50%ofallarrestsforfelonies,includingmurder.Truancyisalsointheup.Mr.Nathanassertsthatthetruenumberis350,000children,or5%ofthestudentpopulation.

Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline—partfamilial,partsocial,partlegal一whichappeartopreventschoolsandparentsfromdealingeffectivelywitherrantchildren.

Japanis,inshort,passingthroughanationalidentitycrisis.Thereareplentyofpositiveaspectstoittoo,however.Oneisaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofactualorbuddingyoungentrepreneurs,atrendespeciallyvisibleinthewillingnessofhigh-flyerstoleavegood,safejobsinordertosetuptheirownfirms.Thenumbersremainmodest,butareneverthelesssurprisinglyhighgiventhestateoftheeconomyinrecentyears.Anotherisaneweagernessamongpopularwritersandmaverickpoliticianstotrytodefineandencourageanewnationalpride.

1.WhatcharacterizesthesocialchangesinJapanesesocietyisthat（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

3.SchoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemtobe（

）.

4.ThereasonbehindschoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemstobethat（

）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyareoftenaccompaniedbyanationalidentitycrisis

B.theyoftentakeplaceinmajorscalebutendupinsmalleffect

C.theyoftenhappenhumblywhileproducinghugeaccumulativeconsequences

D.theyoftentakeplacewithoutbeinganalyzedandreportedduetotheircomplexity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Japanisundergoingaseriouspoliticalinstability

B.astaticeconomymighthaveanegativeinfluenceonsociety

C.mostpeopleinJapanareunderseverementalstrain

D.manypeoplesufferfromafractureduetotheirjobpressure

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tiringJapaneseparentsupforalongtime

B.notasseriousasmostJapanesehaveimagined

C.quicklyontheincreaseespeciallyinrecentyears

D.obviouslyendangeringthesafetyofJapanesestudents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.schoolandparentsdonotwanttodealwitherrantchildreneffectively

B.economicstagnationhasreducedparents'timetocommunicatewiththeirchildren

C.youthsbullyinghasalreadybecomeapopularpracticeforstudentsandtheyfinditexciting

D.childrenareinfectedwithproblemintheadultworldandrulesarenotstrictenough

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SolutionstoYouthsCrimesinJapan.

B.TheJapaneseNationalIdentityCrisis

C.SchoolViolenceandTruancyinJapan.

D.EconomicandSocialChangesinJapan.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。第一段：...Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways(其實(shí)很難報(bào)道日本和分析日本，因?yàn)樵谌毡?，事情不是以大?guī)模以及人們可以注意得到的方式發(fā)生變化的)。由此推測C項(xiàng)(通常不起眼地發(fā)生，但也會因累積而產(chǎn)生巨大的后果)正確。

2.推斷題。第二段：Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamously

cohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry'ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.他關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)在...日本社會是否在經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯的壓力下產(chǎn)生裂痕，以及這種壓力是怎樣影響國家的宗旨和國家特征的?？芍?，Nathan要研究的就是日本經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯是否造成社會裂痕。故選B(停滯的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能對社會產(chǎn)生消極影響)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Schoolviolenceandtruancy定位至第三段:Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious(他有寫到最令人擔(dān)憂的裂痕是在學(xué)校，那里的暴力和曠課現(xiàn)象會顯著增加。日本家長對這些事情疲倦地聳聳肩，因?yàn)閷ζ哿璧膿?dān)心由來已久，但似乎并沒有那么嚴(yán)重)。故A:使日本家長們疲憊很久了。為正確答案。

4.推斷題。第五段:Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline(這種趨勢似乎是兩種相關(guān)現(xiàn)象的癥狀：一種普遍的幻滅感、疏離感、不確定感或明顯的憤怒感，這種情緒也蔓延到了兒童身上；一種是舊的紀(jì)律體系逐漸瓦解),由此可知,D項(xiàng)(成人的問題影響了孩子，而且規(guī)則也不夠嚴(yán)格)正確。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要是談?wù)撊毡窘?jīng)濟(jì)停滯對社會造成的問題。但是作者認(rèn)為日本國民認(rèn)同危機(jī)是有利有弊。

14.單選題

Thepolicearrestedthewrongmanmainlybecausethey（）thenamestheyhadbeengivenbythewitness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perplexed

B.bewildered

C.confused

D.puzzled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A、B、D的賓語都是人，所以均不符合題意。confusethenames“把名字弄混”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（

）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)市長是一位非常正直的女士，因此值得我們在政治上和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。

形近詞辨析。Intention意圖，目的;instinct本能，直覺;integrity正直,誠實(shí);intensity強(qiáng)烈，激情。根據(jù)句意判斷C正確。

16.單選題

Whenrequiredbytheirparentstoeatgreenvegetablesmanychildrenonlydoso（reluctantly）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimately

B.impatiently

C.unwillingly

D.unknowingly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。reluctantly表示“不情愿地”；A項(xiàng)intimately“親切地”，B項(xiàng)impatiently“不耐煩地”，C項(xiàng)unwillingly“不情愿地”，D項(xiàng)unknowingly“不知不覺地”。句意：當(dāng)父母要求吃綠色蔬菜時(shí)，很多孩子只是不情愿地這么做。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Hebecome（）withthegirlreporterwhoquestionedhimatpressconference.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observed

B.obsessed

C.notified

D.troubled

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。becomeobsessedwith為固定搭配，意為癡迷于……。

18.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity’spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.incidence

D.increment

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在過去十年內(nèi)這個(gè)城市的人口只有一個(gè)小幅度的增加。

名詞辨析。Intimacy親密，隱私;immortality永生,不朽;incidence發(fā)生率,影響;increment增加。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.翻譯題

教育無所不在，可以在任何場合進(jìn)行，可以在淋浴時(shí)，也可以在工作中；可以在廚房里，也可以在拖拉機(jī)上，教育既包括在學(xué)校的正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)，也包括整個(gè)非正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)的過程。從德高望重的爺爺奶奶到在電視上就時(shí)政展開唇槍舌戰(zhàn)的人們；從年幼的孩子到著名的科學(xué)家都可以是教育者。一個(gè)人從嬰兒時(shí)期起就開始接受教育。教育是一項(xiàng)終身的活動，是人的一生中自始至終不可或缺的組成部分。

【答案】Educationexistsalmosteverywhere.Itcanbegivenonanyoccasion,forexample,whenyouaretakingashower,ordoingajob,andevenwhenyouareinthekitchenoronatractor.Educationincludesnotonlytheregularattendingschoolforlearning,butalsothenon-normallearningoffschool.Everyonecanbeaneducator,fromthehighly-respectedgrandparentstothecriticswhohavespurredastrongdebateoncurrentpoliticsonTVandfromyoungkidstowell-knownscientists,etc.Onereceiveseducationfrominfancy.Education,asalife-longactivity,isallthewaytheindispensablepartofone’slife.

20.單選題

Hergenerosityisoneofhermostpleasing（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.characteristics

B.attributes

C.traits

D.peculiarity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:characteristics“特性，特征”；B:attributes“屬性；特性”；C:traits“人的個(gè)性，顯著的特點(diǎn)”；D:peculiarity“特性；特質(zhì)”。句意：為人慷慨是她最討人歡喜的個(gè)性。結(jié)合此處語境，C為正確答案。

21.單選題

WhenI（）mysenses,Ifoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroom,withGrandmabendingoverme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wokeup

B.tookto

C.pickedup

D.cameto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。cometoone’ssense意為“清醒過來；恢復(fù)理性”。句意：當(dāng)我回過神來，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正裹在小房間的床上，奶奶正俯身看著我。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

22.單選題

Nowonderthatman’sgreatdreamhasbeensomedaytocontroltheweather.Thefirststep

A

B

towardcontrolis,ofcourse,knowledge,andscientistshavebeenhardatworkforyearstrying

C

tokeeptrackfortheweather.

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nowonder

B.man’s

C.hardatwork

D.keeptrackfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeptrackof意為“了解，記錄，保持聯(lián)系”。

試題答案：D;keeptrackof

23.單選題

Iran’smoralitypoliceare（）onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puttingdown

B.breakingdown

C.crackingdown

D.lookingdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。putdown“寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓”；breakdown“分解；破壞”；crackdown“嚴(yán)加治理”；lookdown“俯視，向下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察……出售芭比娃娃，以保護(hù)公眾的伊斯蘭價(jià)值觀免受他們眼中有害的西方文化侵蝕。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

24.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery

（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的，不清楚的”；B選項(xiàng)indefinite“無限的，不確定的”；C選項(xiàng)dubious“可疑的，曖昧的”；D選項(xiàng)intriguing“用詭計(jì)取得，激起……的興趣”。根據(jù)空格前面句子的主語“itssubjects它的主題”可知空格部分單詞意思可能為“不清晰”，句意為：很少有人理解這位教授的演講，因?yàn)檠葜v主題非常不清晰。故正確答案選A。

25.單選題

ArewetoleratingmoreDishonesty?Theincome-taxdeadlineapproachesandsometaxpayers’thoughtturntoit.Testtimeapproachesandsomestudents’thoughtsturntoit.Temptationappearsandspousesconsiderit.Nowadays,cheatingisontherise.“Youwantsomethingyoucan’tgetbybehavingwithintherules,andyouwantitbadlyenoughyou’lldoitregardlessofanyguiltordeepregretandyou’rewillingtoruntheriskofbeingcaught.”That’showLaddWheeler,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork,definescheating.

Cheatingrepresentsthetriumphofthe“BrazenRule”overthe“GoldenRule”,saysTerryPinkard,philosophyprofessoratGeorgetownUniversity.“TheGoldenRulesays,“Dountoothersasyouwouldlikehavethemdoontoyou.TheBrazenRulesays,“Doontoothersastheywoulddoontoyouiftheywereinyourplace.”Manyexpertsbelievecheatingisontherise.“We’reseeingmoreofthekindofpersonwhoregardstheworldasaseriesofthingstobemanipulated.Whethertocheatdependsonwhetherit’sintheperson’sinterest.”Hedoes,however,seelesscheatingamongtheyoungeststudents.

RichardDienstbier,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofNebraskainLincoln,believesthatsociety’sattitudesaccountformuchoftheriseincheating.Twentyyearsago,ifapersoncheatedincollege,societysaid,“Thatisextremelyserious;youwillbedroppedforasemesterifnotkickedoutpermanently”,hesays.“Nowadays,attheUniversityofNebraska,forexample,itisthestatedpolicyoftheCollegeofArtsandSciencesthatifastudentcheatsonanexam,thestudentmustreceivean‘F’onwhathecheatedon.That’snothing.Ifyou’regoingtofailanyway,whynotcheat?”

Cheatingisunethical,Pinkardsays,whetherit’smassivefraudorfailuretotellastorecashieryouwereundercharged.“You’retreatingotherpeoplemerelyasameansforyourownends.You’reusingpeopleinwaystheywouldnotconsentto.Thecheatersays,“Leteverybodyelsebeartheburden,andI’llreapthebenefits.”

Cheatersusuallytrytojustifytheiractions,saysRobertHogan,chairmanofthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofTulsainOklahoma.“Theyneverthinkit’stheirfault.”Cheatersmakejustificationsbecausetheywanttofeelgoodaboutthemselves,addsWheeler.“Theydon’twanttolabelthemselvesasacheater.Also,theymaybeanticipatingthepossibilityofgettingcaught,sotheyworkontheirexcuseaheadoftime.”Themostcommonjustifications,psychologistssay,include:

“Ihadtodoit.”

“Thetestwasunfair.”

“Everybodydoesit,andIhavetocheattogetwhat’srightfullymine.”

“Thegovernmentwastesthemoneyanyway.”

“Mywife(orhusband)doesn’tunderstandme,andwe’vegrownapart.”

“Cheatingismostlikelyinsituationswherethestakesarehighandthechancesofgettingcaughtarelow”,sayssocialpsychologistLynnKahleoftheUniversityofOregoninEugene.Inhisstudy,agroupoffreshmenwereallowedtogradetheirowntests,whilesecret,pressure-sensitivepaperindicatedwhochangedanswers.Toraisethepressure,studentsweregivenanextremelyhighscoreasthe“average”forthetestandtoldthatthosewhofailedwouldgobeforeaninquiringboardofpsychologists.About46percentofthemalestudentschangedanswers;amongthefemales,about30percentcheated.

Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.

Despitethegeneralriseincheating,Pinkardseessomecauseforhope,“Idofindamongyoungerstudentsamuchlesstolerantattitudetowardcheating.”Perhaps,hesays,theupcominggenerationislessspoiledthanthe“babyboom”studentswhoprecededthem—andthereforelessself-centered.“Thereseemstobeaswingbackintheculture.”

1.Thepurposeof