考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Youwillfindthesceneryissobeautifulifyouviewfromthe（

）ofthehill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ceiling

B.summit

C.mantle

D.roof

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果從山頂上看，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)景是如此的美麗。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“廢棄的，老式的”；B選項(xiàng)“侵略性的，好斗的”；C選項(xiàng)“和諧的，和睦的”；D選項(xiàng)“和藹可親的，親切的”，句意：國(guó)際體育應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造國(guó)家之間的友好關(guān)系，但在目前的奧林匹克組織中以某種方式鼓勵(lì)______愛國(guó)主義。由but可以得知和前文應(yīng)該是有轉(zhuǎn)折的，因此空格處想表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“鼓勵(lì)帶有挑釁性的愛國(guó)精神”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.provided

C.whether

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查從句。句意：______賦予那位女家教老師完全的支配權(quán)，她答應(yīng)去教那個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子。橫線面前部分是主句，橫線后面部分是從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，A選項(xiàng)that可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等；B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；C選項(xiàng)whether意思為“是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等，意思為“不論”時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，教這個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子是有挑戰(zhàn)的事情，那位教師只有擁有完全的掌控權(quán)，她才肯做這件事，B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”符合題意。D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤痹谶@里不如B選項(xiàng)provided符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itriedveryhardtorestrainraylaughter,buttearsstartedflowingdownmycheeksandIbegan______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proffering

B.defrauding

C.guffawing

D.deflecting

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proffering遞上，提供；提出B.defrauding欺騙；詐騙

C.guffawing哄笑，大笑著說(shuō)D.deflecting使轉(zhuǎn)向；使傾斜

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“我努力抑制住自己的笑聲，但是眼淚開始順著我的臉頰流了下來(lái)，我開始______”可知，“我努力抑制笑聲，但是眼淚留下來(lái)了”，所以“我忍不住大笑起來(lái)”，空格處填入C項(xiàng)符合句子意思。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我竭力想忍住笑聲，但眼淚開始從我的臉頰上流下來(lái)，我開始大笑起來(lái)。

5.單選題

Itwas（

）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.assaulted

C.alleged

D.ascribed

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addict“使沉迷”；B選項(xiàng)assault“攻擊、襲擊”；C選項(xiàng)allege“宣稱，斷言”；D選項(xiàng)ascribe“歸于”。這里重點(diǎn)考查的是固定搭配itisallegedthat意思是“據(jù)指稱，有人稱”。根據(jù)從句部分“therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers”可知空格部分意思為“據(jù)說(shuō)，據(jù)稱”，句意為：據(jù)說(shuō)這家旅店歧視黑人顧客。選項(xiàng)C符合句子語(yǔ)境意思。

6.單選題

Weareinaglobalhealthcrisis,anditgrowsworsebytheyear,astheWorldHealthOrganizationhaswarnedthatby2030almosthalftheworld'spopulationwillbeoverweightorobeseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Therearealready124millionobesechildren,amorethantenfoldincreaseinfourdecades,andmorethanamillionoftheseliveintheUK,whichhastheworstobesityratesinwesternEurope.Fourinfivewillgrowuptobeobeseadults;andtheleaderoftheUK'spaediatricbodywarnsthatthiswillcostthem10to20yearsofhealthylife.

Thisisasocialproblem,bothincauseandconsequence,asconcurredbySimonStevens,thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservicecomesacrossastheplacard-wieldingstanceofaroadsideprophetofdoom—yetthegovernment'sresponsehasbeenasmodestandinadequateasthesefiguresareshocking.Medicalexpertsdescribeitschildhoodobesitystrategyasweak,embarrassingandeveninsulting.Thoughitinheritedataxonsugarydrinks,itrowedbackfromrestrictionsonprice-cuttingpromotionsandjunkfoodmarketingoradvertising,leavingitsstrategytorelyheavilyonmeasuressuchasschoolactivityprogrammes.

Campaignershadwarnedthatwouldnotbeenough;nowresearchprovestheywereright-evenwhensuchinitiativestacklebothdietandexercise,andmakeeffortstoreachouttofamilies.ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions,ahealthyeatingprogrammeandcookeryworkshopswiththeirparents,allofwhichfailedtohaveanysignificanteffectonchildren'sweight.

Thecausesoftheobesityepidemicaremultipleandcomplex,asthelandmarkForesightreportproducedoveradecadeagounderscored:weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas).TVsandsmartphonesinbedroomsandrelianceoncarsplaytheirpart;sotoodofooddeserts,wherefruitandvegetablesareexpensiveorinaccessible,whichleavesthemoreeconomicallystrappedsectorofthepopulationchoosingtofillahungrychildwithdonutsratherthanapples.

Butonefactorleapsout:greed.TheproblemisnotgluttonybyagenerationofAugustusGloopsbuttheavariceoftheWillyWonkaswhopressjunkfoodonconsumers,thenprofesssurpriseattheresults.Thetacticsofbigfoodare,astheglobalhealthorganisationVitalStrategiespointsoutinitsreportFoolMeTwice,strikinglysimilartothoseofbigtobaccoovertheyears.Butbigfoodhastheadvantagethateveryoneneedstoeat,whilenooneneedstosmoke,andthatabiscuitdoesnotdamagehealthasacigarettedoes,obesitynotwithstanding.Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver—aswellasbeinghabit-forming.

Othercountrieshavebeenfarbolderintacklingtheindustry,insteadofrelyingonvoluntaryaction.InLatinAmerica,governmentshaveforcedcompaniestoremovecartooncharacters-naturallyaninstantappealtoyoungchildren—fromcerealboxes,imposedjunkfoodtaxesandorderedschooltuckshopstoreplacehigh-salt/sugarproductswithfruitandvegetables.Tougherrulesreshapeconsumerperceptionsanddecisionsandindoingso,theycanalsopushcompaniesintochangingproducts.

Abanonjunkfoodadvertisingbeforethe9p.m.watershedislongoverdue.Itshouldbesupplementedbyabanonpromotionsandpricecutsfor“sharing”bagsofchocolates,asActiononSugarurgedlastmonth,andthesugartaxondrinkscouldbeextendedtofoodproducts,withtherevenuechannelledintoinitiativesmakingfreshproducemoreaffordableandattractivetoconsumers.Thegovernment'sfailuretoforcechangemeansthattherestofuswillpaytheprice—inillhealthandhighertaxes—asbigfoodrakesintheprofits.

1.Findingsandstudiesdemonstratethat（

）.

2.Whodoestheauthorbelievetobeprimarilyresponsibleforfailingtostopobesity?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinferredinthepassage

（

）.

4.Which"chainofevents"isindicatedinthepassage?

5.Companypolicytomanufacturefamily-sizepacksofunhealthyfoodwhilestatingthatitistheconsumerwhoisresponsibleforlimitingwhattheyeatisanexampleof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theobesityproblemislargelyaEuropeanone

B.unhealthychildrenhaveunhealthyparents

C.therearemoreobesechildreninlowersocio-economicareas

D.peoplenowaredyingyounger

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Parents.

B.Advertisers.

C.Government.

D.Manufacturers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therearemoreobesechildrenthanadults

B.obesitywilldrainfundsfromgovernmentresources

C.corporationsdonotcareaboutobesity

D.lackofphysicalactivitycontributestoobesity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newgovernmentlawsconsumersbuydifferentitemsmanufacturerschangeproducts.

B.Manufacturersincreasesugarcontentmorechildrenbuyproductslifespanisshortened.

C.Regularexerciseprogramlearningtocookownfoodreductioninobesity.

D.Televisionadvertisingisregulatedmanufacturersloserevenueproductcostsdecrease.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.analogy

B.rhetoric

C.hypocrisy

D.sophistry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。文章第四段第二句提到weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas)貧困地區(qū)的肥胖人數(shù)是富裕地區(qū)的兩倍，選項(xiàng)C“經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的肥胖人數(shù)更多”符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到其他國(guó)家的政府采取措施強(qiáng)制廣告商、生產(chǎn)商對(duì)那些容易發(fā)胖的食物進(jìn)行改良，比如拉美的一些國(guó)家。文章最后一段提到，如果政府不采取措施制止，最后買單的還是民眾。由此可知，之所以在阻止肥胖上沒有成功，是政府沒有采取相應(yīng)的措施。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文章第二段第一句話提到thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservice肥胖問(wèn)題會(huì)使得醫(yī)療服務(wù)破產(chǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)B可以排除；文章第五段提到一些食品公司用各種手段吸引消費(fèi)者，并沒有考慮食物是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們肥胖，因此選項(xiàng)C可以排除；文章第三段提到ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions學(xué)校為學(xué)生們?cè)黾恿艘荒甑捏w育鍛煉課程，說(shuō)明缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)也是導(dǎo)致肥胖的一個(gè)原因，因此選項(xiàng)D可以排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到禁止在早上九點(diǎn)之前播放垃圾食品廣告這個(gè)方法已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，而是應(yīng)該對(duì)那些含糖分高的垃圾食品從推廣到稅收都采取相關(guān)措施。如果政府在這些方面無(wú)法調(diào)控的話，最終買單的是民眾——健康受損，稅也要納更多。選項(xiàng)A“新政策實(shí)施；消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買東西的種類增加；生產(chǎn)商改變生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分提到那些食品公司一方面說(shuō)食物攝取的多少看個(gè)人自律程度，另一方面又將包裝家庭分量的食物賣給個(gè)人，也不管這些食物是高鹽，高糖分（Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver-aswellasbeinghabit-forming）。由此可知，這是在詭辯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Suchoccupationswereso（）astobeunworthyofhisfullattention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.triggering

B.tripling

C.trifling

D.trembling

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析題。triggering觸發(fā)，啟動(dòng)；tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling發(fā)抖的，戰(zhàn)栗的。根據(jù)下句可推測(cè)出，選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。句意：這些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神貫注。

8.翻譯題

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因組測(cè)試)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘a(chǎn)ssortativemating’thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自閉癥)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheundergraduatesatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywerewomen;now,50percentare.So,he’ssettingupastudytotestwhetherassortativematingamongpeoplewithageneticpredispositionforautismcouldbefuelingthebirthofmorechildrenwithautism.

Thehumanbrain,whichhasevolvedintocognitionuniqueintheworld,islikelytochangeevenmoreinthefuture.Ournicheinnature,saysStephenPinker,anexperimentalpsychologistatHarvardUniversitywhostudiestheevolutionoflanguageandthemindisthe’’cognitiveniche".Inresearchpublishedlastyear,Waryidentifiedgenesthatcontrolglucosemetabolisminthebrainasamongthosemostrecentlyevolved.Thosechangesmayhavebeenessentialtofuelingthehumanbrain’sgrowthtoasizetwicethatofournearestcousinthechimpanzee."Ifyoumakeabigbrain,it’sanenergyhog:Warysays.’’It'slikeputtingV-8energyinatinylittlecar/'Itcouldalsohelpexplainwhychimpanzeesdon'tgetdiabetes,whitehumansdo.

【答案】霍克斯是越來(lái)越多使用全基因組測(cè)序和其他現(xiàn)代技術(shù)來(lái)關(guān)注人類變化的科學(xué)家之一。

例如，有些人在基因上對(duì)艾滋病毒有更強(qiáng)的抵抗力，這種特性在未來(lái)應(yīng)該會(huì)變得更加普遍，因?yàn)檫@些人更有可能存活下來(lái)，并生下具有抗艾滋病毒能力的孩子。

一些父母已經(jīng)開始使用DNA測(cè)試來(lái)選擇他們孩子的基因組成，拒絕那些有遺傳缺陷的胚胎，或者接受那些有理想特征的胚胎例如恰當(dāng)?shù)男詣e的胚胎。

其祖先生活在歐洲城市的人更有可能對(duì)天花有抵抗能力，而生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的人更有可能生來(lái)就有抗瘧疾能力。

自閉癥譜系障礙患者往往注重細(xì)節(jié)，善于分析。如今，他們可能比過(guò)去的時(shí)代更容易找到具有類似能力的配偶。

9.單選題

The（

）viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predominant

B.credulous

C.inclusive

D.sustainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的，占主導(dǎo)地位的”；B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；D選項(xiàng)sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的主要觀點(diǎn)，故選A。句意：英國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，老齡化通常與衰落、依賴、孤立以及貧窮有關(guān)。

10.單選題

Imust（）youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.meditate

B.complement

C.elaborate

D.compliment

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。meditate“考慮，計(jì)劃”；complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；elaborate“詳盡闡述”；compliment“稱贊”，根據(jù)“在非常困難情況下做出的處理”這是一件值得表?yè)P(yáng)與稱贊的事，此處使用compliment符合語(yǔ)義邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為：我不得不為你在非常困難情況下做出的處理而稱贊你。

11.單選題

（）usearlier,（）yourrequesttothefull.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Youhavecontacted...wecouldcomplywith

B.Hadyoucontacted...wecouldhavecompliedwith

C.Youhadcontacted...couldwehavecompliedwith

D.Haveyoucontacted...wecouldcomplywith

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。綜合題干和選項(xiàng)判斷，本題考查的是省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本題表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/could/might/should+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

TheCommitteehasapprovedyourqualificationsandyouwillbe_______totheretiringHeadClerk'spost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.employed

B.appointed

C.admitted

D.accepted

【答案】B

【解析】employed雇用;appointed任命為……;admitted接納;accepted接受。句意：委員會(huì)已批準(zhǔn)你的資格,你將被任命為退休的文書主任。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas______inashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingcreate

B.havingcreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.creating

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們的現(xiàn)代文明不應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。根據(jù)civilization被create確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)create的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開始發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingbeencreated符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Justlikelastyear’ssmartphone,theMate10modelswill________performanceovertimebylearningwhichappsyouuseregularly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimize

B.substitute

C.legitimate

D.mobilize

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.optimize優(yōu)化，充分利用B.substitute代替，取代

C.legitimate使合法，使正當(dāng)D.mobilize組織，動(dòng)員

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“performance（性能）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示Mate10這款手機(jī)會(huì)怎么樣自己的性能，它的方式是“通過(guò)了解你經(jīng)常使用的（useregularly）應(yīng)用程序”，由此可知，這樣會(huì)使手機(jī)的性能更好。optimize指使某物盡可能好或以最好的方式使用某物，因此A選項(xiàng)optimize“優(yōu)化，充分利用”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)substitute“代替，取代”指用某事物取代另一事物，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)legitimate“使合法，使正當(dāng)”指使某物或某人合法化，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)mobilize“組織，動(dòng)員”指組織一群人為達(dá)到某一特定目標(biāo)而共同努力，不能和“performance（性能）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】就像去年的智能手機(jī)一樣，Mate10將通過(guò)了解你經(jīng)常使用的應(yīng)用程序，隨著時(shí)間的推移來(lái)優(yōu)化性能。

15.單選題

Tomwasaccusedof__________againstblackpersons,thatistosay,helooksdownuponthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminating

B.distinguishing

C.distressing

D.disguising

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discriminating“歧視”；distinguishing“辨別，區(qū)分”;distressing“使痛苦，迫使”；disguising“掩飾，偽裝”。句意：湯姆被指控歧視黑人，也就是說(shuō)，他瞧不起他們。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake（

）

forelderlypeopleintheirhousingprograms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preparation

B.requirement

C.specification

D.provision

【答案】D

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:地方當(dāng)局意識(shí)到有必要在住房規(guī)劃上為老年人預(yù)先作安排。

makepreparationfor為某一計(jì)劃或某一活動(dòng)做準(zhǔn)備;requirement要求,不能和make...for連用;specification規(guī)格，說(shuō)明書,不能和make...for連用;makeprovisionfor為將來(lái)困難或需要做準(zhǔn)備。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Ifyourcar（

）anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallneed

B.shouldneed

C.wouldneed

D.willneed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句子是指如果車要保養(yǎng)的話，含有對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè)，因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+do表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句意：如果您的車在前12個(gè)月需要任何保養(yǎng)，請(qǐng)將其交給授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商。

18.單選題

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.Thus,liberationmaybeseeninthecurrentlyfashionableinsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”whichcanincludearelianceuponstandardsandobjectivesthataresolelyone’sown.Itisdifficult,insuchcircumstances,toavoidaradicalsubjectivismthattendstoresultinthoroughgoingrelativismwithrespecttomoralandpoliticaljudgments.Oneconsequenceofthisapproachistoidentifyanever-expandingarrayofformsofexpressionthatarebelievedtobeentitledtoimmunityfromgovernmentregulation.

Ontheotherhand,iftheemphasisisplaceduponthemoretraditionallanguage,“freedomofspeechandofthepress”，therequirementsandprerogativesofaself-governingpeopleareapttobemademoreof.Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower.Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime.Thiskindofeffortneednotbealtogetherselfishonthepartofsuchrulers,sinceallregimesdohaveaninterestinlawandorder,incommondecency,andinaroutinereliabilityorloyalty.

Whatisparticularlydifficulttoarguefor,andtomaintain,isanarrangementthat,whileitleavesapeopleclearlyfreepoliticallytodiscussfullyallmattersofpublicinterestwithaviewtowardgoverningitself,routinelydisciplinesandotherwisepreparesthatsamepeopleforaneffectiveexerciseofitsconsiderablefreedom.Insuchcircumstances,itistemptingforapeopletotakethecasefor,andtherhetoricofthelibertyonestepfurther-—andthustoinsistthatnoone,shouldtrytotellanyoneelsewhatkindofhumanbeingheshouldbe.Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?Allothersare,invaryingdegrees,prisonersofillusionsandappetites,howevermuchtheymaybelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselves.

Thereare,thentworelatedsetsofconcernsevidentinanyconsiderationtodayoftheformsandusesofcensorship.Onesetofconcernshastodowiththeeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity;theother,withthepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeople.Theformerismorepoliticalinitsmethods,thelatterismoreeducational.

1.IntheUnitedState,（）.

2.Freedomexpressionrepresents（）.

3.ItisTRUEthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisanabsoluteabsenceofrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishing

B.therearenomorerestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

C.therearenofewerrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

D.thereareconstitutionalguaranteeswithregardtospeechandthepress

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.littlemorethanapoliticalviewofliberty

B.notsomuchapoliticalasanindividualisticviewofliberty

C.arelianceuponsocialstandardsandobjectives

D.aradicalsubjectivism

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.freedomofexpressionmeansnothingbutaninsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”

B.freedomofexpressiontendstospoiltheeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity

C.fewrulersruleswithouttheauthorityofthepeople

D.thepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeopleliesmainlyineducation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnousemaintaininganarrangementinwhichpeoplecaneffectivelyexercisetheirconsiderablefreedom

B.allpeopleareinfactprisonersofillusionandappetites

C.onlypeoplewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisrightaretrulyfree

D.onlypeoplewhobelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselvesaretrulyfree

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Amoreindividualisticviewoflibertywillprobablyleadtomoralrelativismandobjectivepoliticaljudgment.

B.Anindividualisticviewoflibertyisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsknowwhotheyareandwhattheywant.

C.Thetraditionalviewoflibertyinvolvesmoresocialguidanceandlessuseofpoliticalpowerbytheindividual

D.Thecensorshiprelatedwiththeindividualisticviewoflibertyisrelatedwitheverydaygovernanceofcommunityandthusitispoliticalinitsmethod.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry(有關(guān)言論和出版方面的限制以及行為上的限制比歷史上任何一個(gè)時(shí)期都要少)。由此可知前面三項(xiàng)不符合文章所述，D項(xiàng)“在言論和出版方面有憲法保障”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第一句指出:TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday(在自由的問(wèn)題上，從政治性的觀點(diǎn)向個(gè)人主義觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變可以通過(guò)如今美國(guó)憲法中有關(guān)言論和出版條例的陳述方式顯現(xiàn)出來(lái))，第一段最后一句指出:Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”(曾經(jīng)的'言論和出版自由’如今被稱為‘表達(dá)自由’)。由此可知“表達(dá)自由”代表的是個(gè)人主義觀點(diǎn)，故選B項(xiàng)“與其說(shuō)是政治觀點(diǎn)，不如說(shuō)是個(gè)人主義的自由觀”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:言論自由意味著堅(jiān)持“做自己的事”。B:言論自由往往會(huì)破壞社區(qū)的日常管理。C:沒有人民授權(quán)，統(tǒng)治者很難統(tǒng)治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A項(xiàng)的nothingbut和B項(xiàng)中的spoiltheeverydaygovernance與文章意思不符。第二段指出:Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime(即使是那些未具備權(quán)力的管理者也必須要注意根據(jù)自己政權(quán)的需要和情況來(lái)塑造民眾的性格)。因此C項(xiàng)不正確。答案為D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?(難道不能說(shuō)只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由。故選C項(xiàng)“只有那些知道自己在做什么，選擇做正確的事的人才是真正自由的”。

第5題:判斷推理題。第二段指出:Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffi-omtheconstraintsofthecommunity(表達(dá)自由的意思就是鼓勵(lì)自我從社會(huì)的各項(xiàng)束縛中解脫出來(lái))。第三段指出:Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower(這意味著每個(gè)人都需要準(zhǔn)備好有效利用其巨大的政治權(quán)力)。由此推斷C項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)自由的理解涉及更多的社會(huì)指導(dǎo)，個(gè)人較少使用政治權(quán)力”正確。

19.單選題

Parentsoftenfallintothetrapofofferingotherfoodinorderto（

）thechildtoeat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tempt

B.manipulate

C.incense

D.escort

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。tempt“吸引，誘使”；manipulate“操作，操控”；incense“使激怒”；escort“護(hù)送，陪同”。句意：家長(zhǎng)們常常陷入困境，通過(guò)別的食物來(lái)吸引孩子好好吃飯。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.單選題

Whenthemembersofthecommitteeareatodds,（）ofofferingtheirresignations,problemsbecomeindissoluble.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.andalsowhentheyareintheprocess

B.whentheyareintheprocess

C.theyareintheprocess

D.andwhenthemembersofthecommitteeareintheprocess

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞以及從句。由題干我們可以判斷出，Whenthemembersofthecommitteeareatodds是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，problemsbecomeindissoluble之前沒有連詞，也沒有引導(dǎo)詞，并且是個(gè)完整的句子，則為整個(gè)題干的主句。在沒有連詞的情況下一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；并列兩個(gè)相同成分的從句最好用and連接，排除B選項(xiàng)；themembersofthecommittee前文出現(xiàn)過(guò)，為了避免重復(fù)，會(huì)使用代詞，排除D，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperce