考研考博-英語-廣州科技貿(mào)易職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州科技貿(mào)易職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

問題1選項

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐懼的。選項A與之意思相近，正確。

2.單選題

Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;I（）everythingaheadcarefully.

問題1選項

A.shouldplan

B.planned

C.mustplan

D.shouldhaveplanned

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由前一句Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished“我很遺憾沒完成工作”可以知道實際上在過去對工作沒有提前計劃，因此后半句I…everythingaheadcarefully應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣表示與過去事實相反的情況，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時shouldhavedone表示過去本應(yīng)該做而沒有做，故可排除A，B，C選項。句意：我很遺憾工作沒完成，我本應(yīng)該提前仔細規(guī)劃好一切。因此D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeludedlife,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwire,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusory,foundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstreelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that"therewasaking'sson,whobeingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,andgrowinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopieceinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareunabletoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybyfileperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions:whetherwetravelfastorshow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof（

）.

Theauthorbelievesthatachild

（

）.

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto

（

）.

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（

）.

問題1選項

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

問題2選項

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.evenknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapabletoappreciatingthearts.

問題3選項

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment

B.appraisethepresentforitstreevalue

C.thewisdomofthepastages

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities

問題4選項

A.historyandeconomics

B.societyandpopulation

C.biologyandphysics

D.theologyandphilosophy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第三句“Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.”“如果我們只尊重必然的東西，尊重有權(quán)威為必然的東西，那么音樂和詩歌會重新在街上唱誦?！笨芍髡邔τ谝魳泛驮姼璧膽B(tài)度是贊賞的，所以A選項“贊賞，欽佩”符合題意。

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六句“Children,whoplaylife,discernitstreelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.”“嬉戲生活的兒童，更能清楚地辨明生活中真實的規(guī)律和聯(lián)系，而成人們毫無意義地生活，卻憑借經(jīng)驗（即失敗）以為自己更聰明?！笨芍狟選項‘孩子通常比成人能更好地面對一些重要的問題’正確。C選項“幾乎對其真實出身一無所知”是對故事中的王子的描述；A選項“孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)實踐印度布道宣傳的東西”和D選項“難以欣賞藝術(shù)”在文中沒有提及。

推理判斷題。A選項“指望未來給予啟迪”；B選項“珍視目前的真正價值”；C選項“尊重過去的智慧”；D選項“將更多的時間花在娛樂消遣中”。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四句Andweareunabletoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybyfileperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus；“我們只有長期不斷地灌輸和浸潤在周圍現(xiàn)實之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西”，和文章倒數(shù)第二、三句“Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorshow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen”“不論我們的步伐快還是慢，路線己為我鋪定。那就讓我們的生命在體會感受中度過?！贝_定B選項符合題意。

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，整篇文章旨在說明一種人生的哲學(xué)道理，并引進了一些宗教觀點，所以D選項“宗教體系和哲理”正確。

4.單選題

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.Thus,liberationmaybeseeninthecurrentlyfashionableinsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”whichcanincludearelianceuponstandardsandobjectivesthataresolelyone’sown.Itisdifficult,insuchcircumstances,toavoidaradicalsubjectivismthattendstoresultinthoroughgoingrelativismwithrespecttomoralandpoliticaljudgments.Oneconsequenceofthisapproachistoidentifyanever-expandingarrayofformsofexpressionthatarebelievedtobeentitledtoimmunityfromgovernmentregulation.

Ontheotherhand,iftheemphasisisplaceduponthemoretraditionallanguage,“freedomofspeechandofthepress”，therequirementsandprerogativesofaself-governingpeopleareapttobemademoreof.Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower.Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime.Thiskindofeffortneednotbealtogetherselfishonthepartofsuchrulers,sinceallregimesdohaveaninterestinlawandorder,incommondecency,andinaroutinereliabilityorloyalty.

Whatisparticularlydifficulttoarguefor,andtomaintain,isanarrangementthat,whileitleavesapeopleclearlyfreepoliticallytodiscussfullyallmattersofpublicinterestwithaviewtowardgoverningitself,routinelydisciplinesandotherwisepreparesthatsamepeopleforaneffectiveexerciseofitsconsiderablefreedom.Insuchcircumstances,itistemptingforapeopletotakethecasefor,andtherhetoricofthelibertyonestepfurther-—andthustoinsistthatnoone,shouldtrytotellanyoneelsewhatkindofhumanbeingheshouldbe.Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?Allothersare,invaryingdegrees,prisonersofillusionsandappetites,howevermuchtheymaybelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselves.

Thereare,thentworelatedsetsofconcernsevidentinanyconsiderationtodayoftheformsandusesofcensorship.Onesetofconcernshastodowiththeeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity;theother,withthepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeople.Theformerismorepoliticalinitsmethods,thelatterismoreeducational.

1.IntheUnitedState,（）.

2.Freedomexpressionrepresents（）.

3.ItisTRUEthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.thereisanabsoluteabsenceofrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishing

B.therearenomorerestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

C.therearenofewerrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

D.thereareconstitutionalguaranteeswithregardtospeechandthepress

問題2選項

A.littlemorethanapoliticalviewofliberty

B.notsomuchapoliticalasanindividualisticviewofliberty

C.arelianceuponsocialstandardsandobjectives

D.aradicalsubjectivism

問題3選項

A.freedomofexpressionmeansnothingbutaninsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”

B.freedomofexpressiontendstospoiltheeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity

C.fewrulersruleswithouttheauthorityofthepeople

D.thepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeopleliesmainlyineducation

問題4選項

A.thereisnousemaintaininganarrangementinwhichpeoplecaneffectivelyexercisetheirconsiderablefreedom

B.allpeopleareinfactprisonersofillusionandappetites

C.onlypeoplewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisrightaretrulyfree

D.onlypeoplewhobelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselvesaretrulyfree

問題5選項

A.Amoreindividualisticviewoflibertywillprobablyleadtomoralrelativismandobjectivepoliticaljudgment.

B.Anindividualisticviewoflibertyisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsknowwhotheyareandwhattheywant.

C.Thetraditionalviewoflibertyinvolvesmoresocialguidanceandlessuseofpoliticalpowerbytheindividual

D.Thecensorshiprelatedwiththeindividualisticviewoflibertyisrelatedwitheverydaygovernanceofcommunityandthusitispoliticalinitsmethod.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry(有關(guān)言論和出版方面的限制以及行為上的限制比歷史上任何一個時期都要少)。由此可知前面三項不符合文章所述，D項“在言論和出版方面有憲法保障”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段第一句指出:TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday(在自由的問題上，從政治性的觀點向個人主義觀點的轉(zhuǎn)變可以通過如今美國憲法中有關(guān)言論和出版條例的陳述方式顯現(xiàn)出來)，第一段最后一句指出:Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”(曾經(jīng)的'言論和出版自由’如今被稱為‘表達自由’)。由此可知“表達自由”代表的是個人主義觀點，故選B項“與其說是政治觀點，不如說是個人主義的自由觀”。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。A:言論自由意味著堅持“做自己的事”。B:言論自由往往會破壞社區(qū)的日常管理。C:沒有人民授權(quán)，統(tǒng)治者很難統(tǒng)治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A項的nothingbut和B項中的spoiltheeverydaygovernance與文章意思不符。第二段指出:Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime(即使是那些未具備權(quán)力的管理者也必須要注意根據(jù)自己政權(quán)的需要和情況來塑造民眾的性格)。因此C項不正確。答案為D。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?(難道不能說只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由。故選C項“只有那些知道自己在做什么，選擇做正確的事的人才是真正自由的”。

第5題:判斷推理題。第二段指出:Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffi-omtheconstraintsofthecommunity(表達自由的意思就是鼓勵自我從社會的各項束縛中解脫出來)。第三段指出:Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower(這意味著每個人都需要準備好有效利用其巨大的政治權(quán)力)。由此推斷C項“傳統(tǒng)的對自由的理解涉及更多的社會指導(dǎo)，個人較少使用政治權(quán)力”正確。

5.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowoftrailingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（

）.

問題1選項

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。在斐納的案件中，一家精神病醫(yī)院的一名病人在洗澡時被淹死了?，F(xiàn)在問題是要查明，該醫(yī)院的護理是不是存在失職之嫌。

Negative［數(shù)］負的；消極的；否定的;陰性的。negligent疏忽的；粗心大意的。neglected被忽視的；未被好好照管的。negligible微不足道的，可以忽略的。

6.單選題

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.

Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.

Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.

1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?

2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Everymonth

B.Everytwomonths

C.Everythreemonths

D.Everyyear

問題2選項

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondsentence

C.Thethirdsentence

D.Noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.allergies

B.sensitivitytodonorleukocytes

C.red-cellincompatibility

D.airbubblesintheblood

問題4選項

A.Itisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadults

B.Itistreatedwithradiantenergy

C.Itisnottreateddifferentlyfromadults

D.Itisnotdangerousforchildren

問題5選項

A.Transfusingbloodisadangerousprocess

B.Freezingblooddestroysplatelets

C.Clottingcannotbeprevented

D.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話提到的內(nèi)容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。第二段第一句話提到把獻血的血液輸血給接受者很簡單。第二句話提到通過皮下注射器從獻血者手臂的靜脈中抽取血液。第三句話提到檸檬酸鈉可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句話講述了如何防止血液凝固，選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段前三句話，可以排除A、B、C三個選項，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句話提到當(dāng)接受者是新生兒或嬰兒時，通常對血液進行輻射處理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段最后一句話提到長期儲存血液的能力對人類健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Ifthesun（）theplayerscouldhavefinishedthegame.

問題1選項

A.hadshine

B.didshine

C.wereshining

D.hadshone

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。這是個虛擬條件句，表示對過去的虛擬，句意：如果太陽照耀著，隊員們本可以完成比賽，說明比賽未完成，這個事情已經(jīng)是既成事實了，ifIhaddone…Iwouldhavedone…因此，D選項符合句意。

8.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

眾所周知，莎士比亞(Shakespeare)是英國著名的偉大作家，在很多國家，他的許多作品擁有眾多讀者。我想大家都看過他的著名作品《羅米歐與朱麗葉》（RomeoandJuliet),他們之間的愛情令人永生難忘。朱麗葉似乎舍不得羅米歐離開她，正像羅米歐不愿意離開他的朱麗葉一樣，對于情人來說，最甜蜜的音樂就是他們在夜間互吐衷腸的聲音。

我們每個人都應(yīng)活在這個充滿愛的世界里，因此，我們每時每刻都需要你的關(guān)愛、你的祈禱和鼓勵。我們要相互尊重，相互幫助。我們必須珍惜人生，珍惜生命。因為生命對每個人來說都只有一次。所以我們都要過一種有意義的生活。如果人生的不幸降臨到你的頭上，請你也不要放棄，你一定要勇敢地生活，戰(zhàn)勝疾病。幸福永遠屬于那些對生命執(zhí)著追求的人。

【答案】Asisknowntoall,ShakespeareisafamousandgreatBritishwriter,withnumerousreadersinmanycountries.I’msurethateveryonehasalreadyreadhismasterpiece,RomeoandJuliet.ThelovebetweenRomeoandJulietisalwaysunforgettable.JulietseemstobereluctanttoletRomeogofromherasRomeoisunwillingtopartfromhisJuliet.Forlovers,thesweetestmusicisthesoundofeachother’stongueatnight.

Eachofusdeservestoliveinaworldoflove,soweneedyourlove,yourprayersandyourencouragement,mutualrespectandaidallthetime.Wemustcherishlife,forthereisonlyonelifeforeveryone.Therefore,thelifetimeshouldbespentinameaningfulway.Nomatterwhatkindofmisfortunebefallsyou,donotgiveup,instead,youmustlivebravelytoconquerdisease.Happinessalwaysbelongstothosewhopursuelifepersistently.

9.單選題

TheEnglishspeakerhas[A]athisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrulewhich[B]enablehimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,to[C]theotherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,[D]boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

問題1選項

A.athisdisposal

B.enable

C.theother

D.boththatwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查代詞用法。C選項theother表示“兩者中的另一個”，而句中并沒有標明只有兩個講英語者。因此應(yīng)改為other“其他的”。

10.單選題

Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily（）itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.

問題1選項

A.byforceof

B.byrightof

C.bydintof

D.withtheassistanceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項byforceof“用…的手段”；B選項byrightof“憑借，由于”，多指憑借權(quán)利；C選項bydintof“用，憑借”，多指憑借某一事物；D選項withtheassistanceof“在…的援助下”。句意：微軟多年來一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，這主要是憑借其對Windows的所有權(quán)和發(fā)展。Windows是個人電腦應(yīng)用程序的通用平臺。這里憑借的是Windows這一事物而不是權(quán)利，所以選項C正確。

11.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國進行核實驗，也不（

）

實驗結(jié)果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的;uncertain無常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

12.單選題

Inindividualisticcultures,peopleputemphasisonself-interests,andtendtohaveemotionaldetachmentfromtheirin-group.

問題1選項

A.concern

B.disinterestedness

C.dedication

D.fondness

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項concern“關(guān)心；憂慮”；B選項disinterestedness“漠不關(guān)心，不感興趣”；C選項dedication“奉獻；獻身”；D選項fondness“喜愛”。句意：在個人主義文化中，人們強調(diào)自身利益，往往在情感上____于自己的群體。由“個人主義”可知，人們往往強調(diào)自身利益，忽視集體利益，只有B選項與原文情感基調(diào)一致，符合題意。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

13.單選題

Producingelasticthroughchemicalsynthesisisatediousprocessconsumingthreemonths.

問題1選項

A.thebetterhalfof

B.forthebetterof

C.allthebetterfor

D.thebetterpartof

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:通過化學(xué)合成生產(chǎn)彈性是很煩的一個過程，會花費大約三個月的時間（三個月大部分的時間）。

thebetterpartof大多數(shù)。

14.單選題

SinceBritishsettlersfirstoccupiedthiscountry.EnglishhasbeenthelanguageintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.practicable

B.prevalent

C.predominant

D.popular

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項practicableadj.可用的，可行得通的；B選項prevalentadj.流行的，普遍的；C選項predominantadj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D選項popularadj.流行的，通俗的。根據(jù)句意可知，自從英國殖民者第一次占領(lǐng)這個國家開始，英語就成為了美國的主流語言。因此，正確答案為C項。

15.單選題

Thetroopssleptincrampedconditions.

問題1選項

A.untidy

B.makeshift

C.dirty

D.crowded

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項untidy“不整潔的，凌亂的，懶散的，不干凈利落的”；B選項makeshift“臨時的，權(quán)宜之計的”；C選項dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，骯臟的，惡劣的，暗淡的”；D選項crowded“擁擠的，塞滿的”。句意：軍隊在擁擠的條件下睡覺。Cramped“狹窄的，難懂的，難辨的”，D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

Long-termwateravailabilityislargelydeterminedbytheaverageconditionsinariverbasin,butitisoftenextremeeventsthatcauseacutewaterinsecurity.

問題1選項

A.occasional

B.constant

C.urgent

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.occasional偶爾的，偶然的B.constant連續(xù)發(fā)生的，不斷的

C.urgent緊急的，緊迫的D.serious嚴重的，有危險的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】acute的意思為“十分嚴重的”，這里指極端事件讓水變得非常不安全，有嚴重的安全問題，serious與之詞義相近，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】長期來說，水資源的可用性在很大程度上取決于流域的平均條件，但往往是極端事件導(dǎo)致嚴重的在水安全方面的問題。

17.單選題

Silk,althoughitisconsideredadelicatefabric,isinfactverystrong,butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.

問題1選項

A.soft

B.sheer

C.fragile

D.refined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A選項soft“柔軟的；溫柔的；軟弱的”；B選項sheer“絕對的；透明的；峻峭的；純粹的”；C選項fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D選項refined“精煉的；精確的；微妙的；有教養(yǎng)的”。句意：絲綢雖然被認為是一種易碎的織物，但事實上它非常結(jié)實，但它受到陽光的不利影響。根據(jù)句中although“盡管”和“isinfactverystrong實際上是非常結(jié)實的”可知delicate在這里的意思為“易碎的”，因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Being（）yourjobisfine,ofcourse,butyoushouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime.

問題1選項

A.trappedin

B.committedto

C.convincedof

D.confrontedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項betrappedin表示“被困在；陷入困境”；B選項becommittedto表示“致力于；委身于”；C選項beconvincedof表示“確信；認識到”；D選項beconfrontedwith表示“面臨，面對”。根據(jù)youshouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime可知，雖然致力于工作是好的，但你不應(yīng)該讓工作占據(jù)所有的休閑時間。因此，B選項最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B。

19.單選題

Allfactoriesandminesare______bygovernmentofficials.

問題1選項

A.examined

B.surveyed

C.inspected

D.investigated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項examined“（仔細）檢查；考察”；B選項surveyed“勘測；民意調(diào)查；房屋鑒定”；C選項inspected“視察；查看”；D選項investigated“偵察”。句意：所有的工廠和礦山都由政府官員______。根據(jù)語境，governmentofficials“政府官員”搭配inspected“視察”比較合理。因此C選項正確。

20.單選題

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

問題1選項

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過渡”；transaction“交易；事務(wù)”；transmission“傳動裝置，傳送；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換；改革；變形”。句意：退休很明顯是一個復(fù)雜的過渡期，你越早計劃，越好。選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.

問題1選項

A.puton

B.putupwith

C.putoff

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推遲，扔掉，阻止；putout熄滅，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防隊員們奮戰(zhàn)了好幾天才把森林大火撲滅。選項D符合句意。

22.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened?”

1.Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans（）.

2.Paragraph2and3arewrittento（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience’’is（）.

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章，“Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.”，可知本世紀，科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧如果說有什么不同的話，那就是分歧加深了?？膳袛喑鰏chism意為分歧，分裂。confrontation“分歧，面對”；dissatisfaction“不滿”；separation“分離，分開”；contempt“輕視，蔑視”。文中是指科學(xué)與文化之間不和諧的