考研考博-英語-廊坊師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廊坊師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theyarestillinthe（）stagebetweentheoldandnewgovernment.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transplanting

C.transitional

D.transforming

【答案】C

【解析】形近異義詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易”；transplanting“移植”；transitional“過渡期的”；transforming“轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：他們還處在新政府到舊政府的過渡期。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問題2選項

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問題3選項

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問這三項有趣的研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音開頭提到“在今天的講座中，我們將看到三個非常有趣的研究，它們暗示了人類嬰兒驚人的能力（abilitiesofhumanbabies）”，因此A選項“人類嬰兒的能力”正確。B選項“成年人對兒童的影響”，三個研究雖有成年人參與，但這些研究并不是研究成年人對兒童的影響，因此B選項不正確；C選項“不同新生哺乳動物在認知方面的特征”是上周的講座所討論的內(nèi)容，而不是本周；D選項“人類嬰兒和動物嬰兒之間的相似之處”，錄音中未提及相關(guān)信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于9個月大的嬰兒，第二項研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？在第二項研究中，提到音樂氛圍的變化對3個月大的嬰兒沒有影響，但對于9個月大的嬰兒來說，這足以重新引起他們的興趣，這表明該年齡段的嬰兒能夠區(qū)分快樂的旋律和悲傷的旋律。因此D選項“他們能分辨出快樂的曲調(diào)和悲傷的曲調(diào)”符合原文。A選項“他們喜歡快樂的旋律勝過悲傷的旋律”和B選項“他們聽音樂時很容易睡著”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“他們對節(jié)拍和節(jié)奏已經(jīng)很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在錄音中并未出現(xiàn)，因此C選項可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問1980年那項研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音中提到，該項研究是迄今為止發(fā)表的關(guān)于嬰兒情緒（infantemotion）的最著名的研究之一，因此A選項“嬰兒的情緒”正確。B選項“嬰兒的行為”并沒有提及；C選項“嬰兒和成人的互動”，利用錄音的playfulinteractions設(shè)干擾，但錄音是說嬰兒看到playfulinteractions時臉部的表情，不是嬰兒自己的interactions，因此C選項不正確；D選項“嬰兒的面部表情”是最具有干擾性的一項。事實上，facialexpressions在這項研究中很重要，但這是為研究嬰兒情緒服務(wù)的，因此D選項不選。

3.單選題

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.

Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportedinabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”)，proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).

Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchersorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.

Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.

Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

2.Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

4.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

問題1選項

A.WritingofResearchReports.

B.TypesofJournalArticles

C.TypesofResearchReports.

D.WritingofDifferentArticles.

問題2選項

A.theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

B.theirwritingstyleandlength

C.theirpresentedplacesandtime

D.theircontentandpurposes

問題3選項

A.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguage.

B.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.

C.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.

D.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.

問題4選項

A.Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddiscussion.

B.Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.

C.Bynotingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedataandresults,etc.

D.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresultsandconclusions,etc.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最適合該文章的標題是什么？”文章第一段第一句話提到“報告研究的形式有很多，比如刊登在期刊中的文章，給資助機構(gòu)的報告等”(Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch…)以及第一段最后一句話“我們將會簡單描述它們”(wewillnowbrieflydescribethem)，可知選項C“研究報告的種類”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“我們主要可以通過以下哪種方式來區(qū)分這些研究報告？”文章第一段提到“這些報告形式相互的主要區(qū)別是在其寫作目的和針對的受眾上”(Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress)。因此選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“以下哪個成熟在文章中沒被提到？”文章第五段提到會議論文主要以口頭形式呈現(xiàn)（Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally），但是沒有提到論文（thesesordissertations）也是以口頭形式呈現(xiàn)，因此選項A沒有在文中提及，符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“教授如何評估學(xué)生執(zhí)行研究的能力？”文章第四段最后一句提到“對研究過程的詳細描述是為了讓教授了解學(xué)生進行研究的能力”(Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch)，而這些詳細研究就是前面提到的“detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations”,因此選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforthepositionintheuniversity____.

問題1選項

A.hasbeenaccepted

B.havebeenaccepted

C.wasaccepted

D.wereaccepted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.hasbeenaccepted已經(jīng)被錄取B.havebeenaccepted已經(jīng)被錄取

C.wasaccepted被錄取D.wereaccepted被錄取

【答案】C

【考查點】主謂一致與時態(tài)一致

【解題思路】本句主語為neitheroftheyoungmen，neither做主語時謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，但是用單數(shù)更正式，單選題中單復(fù)數(shù)同時出現(xiàn)，選擇單數(shù)形式為最佳；另外，原文中定語從句部分使用了過去完成時（hadapplied），因此主句部分也應(yīng)使用一個過去的時態(tài)，通常是一般過去時。因此，C選項wasaccepted“被錄取”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項hasbeenaccepted時態(tài)不對，現(xiàn)在完成時是表示現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)；

B選項havebeenaccepted，復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)合適，時態(tài)也不對；

D選項wereaccepted，復(fù)數(shù)沒有單數(shù)合適。

【句意】兩個申請這個大學(xué)的職位的年輕人都沒有被錄取。

5.單選題

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

問題1選項

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使發(fā)狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate報復(fù);disservice傷害,虐待。句意：薩拉斯是國王郡1.3萬名雇員之一,他們將被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸煙或是否有其他與健康有關(guān)的惡習。選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtoconsumers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?

3.InParagraph1,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”means.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.

問題1選項

A.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

B.theconsumer-centeredapproach

C.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

D.thequickmovementofgoods

問題2選項

A.Theneedsofthemarket

B.Thepreferencesofthedealer

C.Theefficiencyoftheproduction

D.Thesatisfactionoftheuser

問題3選項

A.toredesignthesegoodforlarge-scaleproduction

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

D.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

問題4選項

A.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer

B.Consumers'tastesareoftendifficulttoplease

C.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic

D.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople

問題5選項

A.itssocialimpact

B.itspossibleconsequence

C.itstheoreticalbasis

D.itsmaincharacteristic

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第三句話提到著眼于消費者的方法被稱為營銷概念（Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept），因此選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第一段第二句話提到就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要集中在產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)上（Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods），因此選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)persuasivesalesmanship(富有說服力的推銷術(shù))可知moveasmuchofthosegoodsaspossible意味著是盡可能多地將物品推銷出去，因此選項C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到可口可樂改變飲料的口味，但是最后不得不又恢復(fù)原來的口味這個例子（Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink）說明迎合消費者需求的重要性，因此選項A符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章主要講述了營銷概念的特征——以消費者需求為導(dǎo)向（eye-on-the-consumerapproach），因此選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Internationalgovernments,inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主動出擊的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegoodnessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenvironmentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits“PlanA”sustainabilityprogrammerin2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover￡200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated￡105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge“quickwin”opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepack.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestments.Theyremainstuckinthe“environmentiscost”mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenvironmentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebiggestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis“increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehavioralchange”—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

12.WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

13.Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

14.Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

15.Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

問題1選項

A.Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnations’economicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.

問題2選項

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.

B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.

D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.

問題3選項

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.

問題4選項

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.

B.Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C.Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D.Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.

問題5選項

A.Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.

B.Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.

C.Theyhaveabandonedalltheoutdatedequipmentandtechnology.

D.Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】11.事實細節(jié)題，第一步，精準定位，定位到第一段最后一句Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.（豐田（Toyota）、沃爾瑪（Wal-Mart）、杜邦（DuPont）、瑪莎百貨（M&S）和通用電氣（GeneralElectric）都把處理環(huán)境垃圾作為一項關(guān)鍵的經(jīng)濟驅(qū)動力。），由此可知B選項“他們在處理環(huán)境廢物方面采取行動”正確。

A選項“他們按照政府政策運作”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“他們是國家經(jīng)濟增長的主要驅(qū)動力”，見正確選項，是把垃圾處理作為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的推動因素，不是這些公司是該國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵推動力，所以C選項錯誤，這里屬于曲意理解；

D選項“他們是環(huán)境問題的主要貢獻者”，定位到第二段第二句By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.（到2007年，杜邦每年通過提高能源效率節(jié)省了22億美元，與當年公布的利潤總額相同），從這里可知這些公司對經(jīng)濟的貢獻是對其自身來說的不是對其國家來說，這里屬于張冠李戴，所以不選。

12.事實細節(jié)題，第一步，精準定位，定位到第三段第一二句CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegoodnessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenvironmentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.（豐田（Toyota）和沃爾瑪（Wal-Mart）等公司并非出于好心而致力于環(huán)保目標。他們這樣做的原因很簡單，但也很有力地認識到，環(huán)境足跡和經(jīng)濟足跡是相輔相成的），由此可知C選項“對利益的渴望”正確。

A選項“他們出于好心”，見正確選項解析，由這里可以看出A選項錯誤，屬于無中生有；

B選項“強烈的責任感”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“來自環(huán)保主義者的壓力”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

13.推理判斷題，第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第五段第三句Theyremainstuckinthe“environmentiscost”mentality.（他們?nèi)匀煌Ａ粼凇碍h(huán)境就是成本”的心態(tài)中），從這里可以推斷C選項正確“他們認為建立這樣一個系統(tǒng)太昂貴了”。

A選項“他們一心想賺快錢”，定位到第四段最后一句Infact,thereareoftenhuge“quickwin”opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.這里的quickwin是指多年來很多公司對環(huán)境有疏忽，就導(dǎo)致那些先采用環(huán)保計劃的公司更能夠快速的獲得意想不到的收獲，這里不是公司不愿意采取行動的原因，屬于出處錯誤，不選；

B選項“他們沒有投資的資本”，定位到第六段第一二句話Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenvironmentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebiggestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.（精益意味著用更少的錢做更多的事。然而，在大多數(shù)公司中，經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境的持續(xù)改善被認為是相互沖突的。這是大多數(shù)行業(yè)錯失的最大機遇之一。），從這里關(guān)鍵詞，mostindustries可知其實很多公司是承擔得起的，只是覺得會減少自己的利益，所以不愿意去做，所以B選項錯誤，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項“他們?nèi)狈Ω淖兩虡I(yè)慣例的動機”，文章沒有提及，這里屬于無中生有，所以不選。

14.事實細節(jié)題，第一步，精準定位，定位到第五段最后一句話Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.（事實上，如果管理層采用新的精益和綠色模式，超越合規(guī)可以在節(jié)約成本的同時產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)金），從這里可知答案選A選項“它幫助企業(yè)省錢，同時獲利”。

B選項“只有少數(shù)領(lǐng)先的公司才負擔得起”，定位到第六段第一二句話Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenvironmentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebiggestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.（精益意味著用更少的錢做更多的事。然而，在大多數(shù)公司中，經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境的持續(xù)改善被認為是相互沖突的。這是大多數(shù)行業(yè)錯失的最大機遇之一。），從這里關(guān)鍵詞，mostindustries可知其實很多公司是承擔得起的，只是覺得會減少自己的利益，所以不愿意去做，所以B選項錯誤，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項“這可能會引發(fā)新一輪激烈的競爭”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“所有公司都需要很長時間才能接受它”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

15.事實細節(jié)題，第一步，精準定位，定位到第七段第一句話Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors（大約50項研究表明，那些致力于實現(xiàn)零浪費、零有害排放、零使用不可再生資源等雄心勃勃的目標的公司，在財務(wù)上勝過競爭對手），B選項“在收入方面，他們比同行做得更好”是該句的同義替換，所以答案選B。

A選項“他們的社會責任感大大增強了”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“他們已經(jīng)放棄了所有過時的設(shè)備和技術(shù)”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“他們比他們的對手對人類進步做出更大的貢獻”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

8.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（）.

問題1選項

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項luxury“奢侈品，享受”；B選項accommodation“住處，膳宿，調(diào)節(jié)”；C選項entertainment“娛樂，消遣，款待”；D選項refreshment“點心，起提神作用的東西，精力恢復(fù)”。句意：在這個貧窮的國家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalledfootwearforyuppies.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.

Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Rebookshoes,whicharcpricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.

Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.

Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.

1.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwear

ofyuppies”isthat（）.

2.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat（）.

3.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause（）.

4.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it（）.

5.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?

問題1選項

A.theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups

B.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes

C.“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimage

D.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices.

問題2選項

A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit

B.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors

C.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit

D.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores

問題3選項

A.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand

B.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits

C.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket

D.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts

問題4選項

A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork

B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores

C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts

D.Stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts.

問題5選項

A.Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.

B.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.

C.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.

D.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段第二句活TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.“他們認為，銳步關(guān)注的是多元化的細分市場，特別是因為公司在為18歲以下顧客制造籃球鞋和童鞋的同時，也為不愛做有氧運動或跑步的老年顧客提供步行鞋?！保纱丝芍J步關(guān)注的是多元化的細分市場。所以A項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可以定位在文章第二段的Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetwork.“銳步計劃對高端市場零售網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行一些調(diào)整?！焙蚏ebookshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesol