考研考博-英語-廣西經(jīng)濟職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西經(jīng)濟職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

（

）ishisowndecision.

問題1選項

A.Whenleaving

B.Whendoesheleave

C.Whenheleaves

D.Heleaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格后“ishisowndecision”的對應知這里缺少主語，故能充當主語的C項“Whenheleaves”正確。A項“Whenleaving”屬于時間狀語；B項“Whendoesheleave”屬于疑問句，不能充當主語；D項“Heleaves”中謂語動詞“l(fā)eaves”與空格后系動詞“is”重復，在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上不正確。選項C正確。

2.寫作題

Directions:Humanidentity,theideathatdefineseachandeveryoneofus,couldbefacinganunprecedentedcrisis.Itisacrisisthatwouldthreatenlong-heldnotionsofwhoweare,whatwedoandhowwebehave.Accordingtoneuroscientists,thiscrisiscouldreshapethewaywethink,welearnandweinteractwitheachother,alterwhatmakesushappy,andmodifyourcapacityforreachingourfullpotentialasindividuals.Itiscausedbyonesimplefact:Weareexcessivelyreliantontheuseoftheinformationtechnology.Likewise,thewaywetraditionallylearnandteachinclassroomsisunderthreatfromthemoderntechnologyandfailstoattractthepost-1990s,whohavebeennegativelystereotypedasaselfishgrouporlabeledasIphonefansorWechat-(orQQ-)addictedkids.

WhatdoyouthinkofthepossiblechangesthatcouldbemadeintheChinesetertiaryeducationtobeadaptedtothelearningneedsofthepost-1990sintheneweraofinformationtechnology?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Note:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.,yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

3.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的意見，他應該提出自己的計劃來改善這些人的生活條件。

4.單選題

BadluckhasplaguedMr.Averythroughouthisentirelife.

問題1選項

A.hunted

B.followed

C.haunted

D.clungto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。plague“困擾；使苦惱；使得災禍”；A選項hunt“打獵；搜索”；B選項follow“跟隨；遵循；追求”；C選項haunt“困擾，使苦惱”；D選項clingto“堅持；依靠；依附”。句意：艾弗里先生一生都為壞運氣所困擾。題干說到“throughouthisentirelife他的整個一生”，可推測出plague在這里有“困擾”的意思，因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Adealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide一thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat（1）doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessinvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positive（2）thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Actually,therearereasonstobe（3）.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore（4）,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential（5）thereare.Moreandmoreenterprises,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft（6）,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor（7）worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave,butithasbigpotential.

To（8）advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices（9）respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof（10）(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—concerningroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

問題1選項

A.divide

B.information

C.world

D.lecture

問題2選項

A.forces

B.obstacles

C.events

D.surprises

問題3選項

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.pleasant

D.disappointed

問題4選項

A.developed

B.centralized

C.realized

D.commercialized

問題5選項

A.users

B.producers

C.customers

D.citizens

問題6選項

A.away

B.for

C.aside

D.behind

問題7選項

A.containing

B.preventing

C.keeping

D.combating

問題8選項

A.bring

B.keep

C.hold

D.take

問題9選項

A.at

B.with

C.of

D.for

問題10選項

A.construction

B.facility

C.infrastructure

D.institution

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】（1）文中指示代詞that指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞，中心詞為前面出現(xiàn)的so-calleddigitaldivide，divide為中心詞。選項A符合題意。

（2）根據(jù)上下文語境。根據(jù)positive可以判斷出，被修飾的單詞應該是具有積極意義的名詞。根據(jù)語境單詞force最為合適。選項A符合題意。

（3）根據(jù)上下文語境。第一段主要是講的存在一種力量可以抵抗數(shù)字化鴻溝，第二段的首句就提到了一些技術因素可以使數(shù)字鴻溝不斷窄化。選項B符合題意。

（4）根據(jù)上下文語境。根據(jù)下文提到的theinterestofbusiness可以推測出，應該有商業(yè)化的意思，所以單詞commercialized最為合適，選項D符合題意。

（5）根據(jù)上下文語境。文章一直在討論“商業(yè)化”、“貿(mào)易這些話題”，所以空格中應該填入與之相關的詞匯，customer最符合語境，選項C符合題意。

（6）考查短語的固定搭配。短語leavebehind“落后”，句意：企業(yè)擔心自己的國家會落后。選項D符合題意。

（7）考查動詞詞義辨析。單詞combat意思為“反對，與……戰(zhàn)斗”，最符合語境，選項D符合題意。

（8）考查短語的固定搭配。takeadvantageof意思為“利用”，為固定搭配。選項D符合題意。

（9）考查短語的固定搭配。withrespectto“關于，至于”，選項B符合題意。

（10）考查單詞釋義理解。括號中的釋義為“社會基本建筑基礎”，選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Accordingtogovernmentstatistics，menofallsocialclassesinBritainvisitpubsquiteregularly,（1）thekindofpubtheygotomaybedifferentandtheirreasonsforgoingthere（2）too.Nowadaystheyoftentaketheirwivesorgirl-friends,which（3）tobethecase.ThefactisthatthetypicalEnglishpubischanging,partly（4）thelicensinglawsnotbeingsostrictasthey（5）,butalsobecausepublicansaretryingto（6）awaywiththeoldVictorian（7）ofthepuband（8）providecoupleswithanatmospherewheretheycanbothenjoythemselves.Pubusednottoopen（9）atcertaintimes.Theresultwasthattheywereusually（10）withmenwhoseemedtobedrinkingasmuchaspossibleinthetime（11）Butthatkindofpubisrapidlybecomingathingofthepast.

Curiouslyenough,theoldBritishlicensinglaws,whichforeignersfoundsoobjectionableandab-surd,were（12）introducedasa（13）measuretostopworkersdrinkingintheFirstWorldWar.（14）,thestrongPuritanical（15）inParliamenttook（16）o￡thelawand（17）it.

Openinghoursare（18）limitedtoeighthoursaday,butthepublicancannowchoosewhichhours（19）himbest.Andthesedaysyoucanevengetacupofcoffeeifyouprefer（20）beer.ButinspiteofthisthePuritanswouldneverdreamofadmittingthatapubcouldbecomearepeatableplace.

問題1選項

A.and

B.though

C.when

D.as

問題2選項

A.disagree

B.diverge

C.vary

D.deviate

問題3選項

A.usednot

B.notused

C.used

D.isused

問題4選項

A.because

B.becauseof

C.for

D.inthat

問題5選項

A.were

B.are

C.used

D.hadbeen

問題6選項

A.take

B.do

C.keep

D.go

問題7選項

A.sight

B.image

C.appearance

D.perception

問題8選項

A.then

B.instead

C.further

D.still

問題9選項

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.only

D.onlyfor

問題10選項

A.covered

B.crowded

C.full

D.plenty

問題11選項

A.available

B.proper

C.probable

D.accessible

問題12選項

A.ordinarily

B.generally

C.originally

D.formerly

問題13選項

A.perpetual

B.temporary

C.uniform

D.temperate

問題14選項

A.Nevertheless

B.However

C.Afterwards

D.Furthermore

問題15選項

A.factor

B.element

C.component

D.atom

問題16選項

A.advantage

B.profit

C.use

D.charge

問題17選項

A.retained

B.contained

C.maintained

D.protected

問題18選項

A.even

B.just

C.but

D.still

問題19選項

A.suit

B.match

C.meet

D.agree

問題20選項

A.against

B.for

C.with

D.to

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.邏輯推理。句意：據(jù)英國政府統(tǒng)計，所有社會階級的人都會頻繁光顧酒吧，他們選擇的酒吧

類型可能不同?？崭袂昂缶渥訛樽尣疥P系。故B項正確。

2.詞義辨析。句意：盡管他們選擇的酒吧類型可能不同，去的理由也。disagree不同意；diverge偏離；vary不同；deviate脫離，出軌。And為并列連詞，因此，空格處應表達跟different相似的含義。故選C。

3.語法分析。句子想表達的是：與以往情況不同，他們現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常帶著他們的妻子和女朋友去酒吧。因此，空格處應為否定，排除C，D項。A項usednot后面接tobethecase表示“過去不是這樣”，符合句意且語法正確。

4.語法分析。句意：事實是典型的英國酒吧正在改變，部分原因是特許經(jīng)營法不如之前那么嚴格。

C、D項后面應接完整的從句，而空后為動詞ing形式，故選B。

5.語法分析。句意：特許經(jīng)營法不如之前那么嚴格。因此此處應為一般過去時，而主語是“they”，因此A項“were”正確。

6.詞義辨析。句意：同時也因為酒店老板想要舊維多利亞時代酒吧的形象。doawaywith廢除；takeaway帶走，擺脫；keepaway使離開；goawaywith私奔。故B項符合句意。

7.詞義辨析。句意：想要擺脫舊式維多利亞時代的酒吧。sight視力；image形象；appearance外貌；perception知覺。故B項符合句意。

8.邏輯推理。句意：想要擺脫舊式維多利亞時代的酒吧形象，為伴侶提供一個雙方都能玩得開心的環(huán)境。前后并無遞進關系。B項instead表示“取而代之的是”，符合句意。

9.詞義辨析。句意：除了在特定時間段，其他時間酒吧均不開門。except除了；exceptfor除了……以外；only只有；onlyfor要是沒有。B和D選項中都有介詞for，后面應接名詞或動名詞，因此排除，C項only不符合句意。故選A。

10.詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果是酒吧里經(jīng)常人，人們總是在酒館開門的時間內(nèi)盡情暢飲。Becrowdedwith搭配表示“擠滿”。而C，D項也表示“擠滿的”，但它們與介詞“of”搭配。故選B。

11.詞義辨析。句意：在的時間內(nèi)盡情暢飲。available可利用的，可獲得的；proper適合的；probable可能的；accessible可進入的。D選項為干擾項，而D項后面接名詞時要接介詞to。故選A。

12.詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渲v述了英國營業(yè)執(zhí)照法律的歷史以及后來情況。因此，C項originally“最初”正確。

13.詞義辨析。句意：一戰(zhàn)期間引進的法律，只是的措施以阻止工人飲酒。perpetual永遠的；temporary暫時的；uniform始終如一的；temperate溫和的。因此，B項符合句意。

54.邏輯推理。句意：，強大的清教徒……。Nevertheless然而；However然而；Afterwards后來；Furthermore此外?？崭窈蟊硎竞髞戆l(fā)生的事情，故選C。

55.詞義辨析。factor因素；element社會的某一集團，組成集團的個體；component組成部分；atom原子。空格處指清教徒勢力，故選B。

56.固定搭配。句意：國會中的清教徒勢力利用這一法律。Takeadvantageof為固定搭配，表示“利用”。

57.詞義辨析。句意：國會中的清教徒勢力利用這一法律，使得這一條款保留了下來。retained保留；contained包含；maintained維修；protected保護。故選A。

58.邏輯推理。句意：開業(yè)時間仍然限定在八個小時。even甚至；just只是；but但是；still仍然。故選D。

59.詞義辨析。句意為“但是現(xiàn)在酒店老板可以選擇最自己的時間段。suit適合；match與……相配；meet遇見；agree同意。因此，A項符合句意。

60.固定搭配。prefersth.tosth.為固定搭配，表示比起后者，更喜歡前者。

7.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestlingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower:norisPicasso’spainting“Guernica”primarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT（）.

5.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimitswith（）.

問題1選項

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問題2選項

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

問題3選項

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinamusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleoforganizationwasintroduced

問題4選項

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

C.Is.Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

問題5選項

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞“coherentlyrelatesdiversephenomena”定位到文章第一段“…h(huán)ighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization…Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”可知高度創(chuàng)造性的活動超越了現(xiàn)有形式的限制，建立了新的組織原則。創(chuàng)新的科學產(chǎn)生了新的理論，在這個理論中，使不同的現(xiàn)象以更加連貫清晰的方式聯(lián)系在一起?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J為這種將不同的現(xiàn)象更加連貫地聯(lián)系起來的新理論是高度創(chuàng)造性科學活動的結(jié)果。故選項D符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“Beethoven’smusic”定位到文章第二段“IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.”可知據(jù)說貝多芬推翻了規(guī)則，把音樂從沉悶的傳統(tǒng)形式中解放出來。但是仔細研究貝多芬的音樂就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，他的音樂并沒有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反，他是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他從海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫等前輩那里繼承了一些規(guī)則、形式和慣例，并以驚人的獨特的方式加以利用。可判斷出作者提到貝多芬的音樂具有驚人的獨創(chuàng)性是因為貝多芬以一種高度創(chuàng)新的方式操縱著音樂創(chuàng)作的既定的規(guī)則。故選項D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到文章第二段“…whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.”可知一部作品是否在音樂史上確立了新的原則，與它的美學價值并沒有多大的關聯(lián)。因為它體現(xiàn)了一種新的組織原則。有些音樂作品，如佛羅倫薩的歌劇，具有顯著的歷史重要性，但是很少有聽眾或音樂學家會把這些作品列入偉大的音樂作品之列。可判斷出作者認為弗羅倫薩的歌劇雖然在音樂史上很重要，帶來了巨大的影響，但是并沒有認為具有很高的審美價值。故選項B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary…”，可知杰出的創(chuàng)造性活動具有革命性的特征，可回答選項A的問題，故選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段“Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.”可知他是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他從海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫等前輩那里繼承了一些規(guī)則、形式和慣例，并以驚人的獨特的方式加以利用。可回答選項B的問題，故選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段“Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.”可知莫扎特的《費加羅的婚姻》無疑是偉大的音樂作品之一，盡管它僅僅體現(xiàn)出對現(xiàn)有方式和規(guī)則的擴展創(chuàng)新?？苫卮疬x項C的問題，故選項C可排除。文章第二段中，除了提到Monteverdi的音樂作品體現(xiàn)了新的創(chuàng)作原則并且具有很好的審美價值，并未提及其它的音樂家。故選項D符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由題干關鍵詞“allhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimits”定位到文章第一段最后兩句“Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.”可知具有高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術活動所產(chǎn)生的并不是一種超越既定規(guī)則的新的概括，而是一種美學上的特殊產(chǎn)物。極具創(chuàng)造力的藝術家所創(chuàng)造的美學細節(jié)，以一種創(chuàng)新的方式，擴展或利用了一種現(xiàn)有的形式規(guī)則，而不是超越那種形式?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔τ谒芯哂懈叨葎?chuàng)造性的藝術活動都超越了現(xiàn)有的形式和規(guī)則的觀點是持有懷疑態(tài)度的。故選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

問題2選項

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

問題3選項

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

問題4選項

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

問題5選項

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科學》雜志的主編MarciaMcNutt今天宣布該雜志正在為自身的同行評議過程增加一輪額外的統(tǒng)計檢查。在人們廣泛擔心數(shù)據(jù)分析的基本錯誤正導致很多出版的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不能再生產(chǎn)之后，《科學》雜志的該政策跟隨了其它雜志的類似努力)。由此可知B項“各類雜志正在強化自身的統(tǒng)計檢查”正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(雜志的內(nèi)部編輯、現(xiàn)有的審稿委員會或外部同行審稿人將對Manu進行進一步的審查),由此可知“flagup”有“標出；指出”的意思，故C項“被標記”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience(這個影響不僅通過《科學》雜志本身的出版物來產(chǎn)生，而且希望通過大量的出版機構(gòu)來產(chǎn)生影響，這些機構(gòu)可能想去模仿《科學》雜志的方式)。由此可知D項“為其它雜志樹立榜樣”正確。

4.推理判斷題。第一段支出:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityof,manypublishedresearchfindings(《科學》雜志的主編MarciaMcNutt今天宣布該雜志正在為自身的同行評議過程增加一輪額外的統(tǒng)計檢查。在人們廣泛擔心數(shù)據(jù)分析的基本錯誤正導致很多出版的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不能再生產(chǎn)之后，《科學》雜志的該政策跟隨了其它雜志的類似努力),由此可推知C項“有進一步改善的空間”正確。

5.主旨大意題。全文中心句出現(xiàn)在第一段:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科學》雜志的主編MarciaMcNutt今天宣布該雜志正在為自身的同行評議過程增加一輪額外的統(tǒng)計檢查。在人們廣泛擔心數(shù)據(jù)分析的基本錯誤正導致很多出版的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不能再生產(chǎn)之后，《科學》雜志的該政策跟隨了其它雜志的類似努力),由此可推知A項“《科學》雜志在論文方面加入審査統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的行列”比較適合作標題。

9.單選題

Researchsuggeststhat,heavypenaltiesdonotactasa（）topotentialcriminals.

問題1選項

A.deterrent

B.prevention

C.safeguard

D.distraction

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。deterrent“威懾物；制止物”；prevention“預防；阻止”；safeguard“保護；安全設施”；distraction“分心；消遣”，heavypenalties“嚴厲的刑罰”是用來威懾那些犯罪者的，所以此處應該選擇名詞deterrent，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：研究表明，嚴厲的刑罰并不能威懾那些潛在的犯罪者。

10.單選題

I'msureyoursuggestionwill（

）theproblem.

問題1選項

A.contributetosolving

B.becontributedtosolve

C.contributetosolve

D.becontributedtosolving

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。contributeto后面要接名詞或者動名詞，選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.Shemakesalivingnowasadressmaker.

B.Shemakesalivingnowasalandlady.

C.Sheworriesalotaboutherhealth.

D.Shenowlivesonherpension.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Doyouwork?

W:Iamadressmaker，butIhaven’tworkedforayear.

M:Thenhowcanyoumanagetolivewithoutworking?

W:Ihaveatenant.

M:Doyouoftenworryaboutthings?

W:Iusedtoworrybutnotnow.Iknowit'snotworthit.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說：Ihaveatenant（我有房客），即她是房東。

12.單選題

Thedevelopmentoftoothpastebeganaslongagoas3000/5000BCintheancientcountiesofChinaand304.AccordingtoChinesehistory,Huang-Ticlaimeddifferenttypesofpairfeltinthemouthcouldbecuredbystickinggoldandsilverneedlesintodifferentpartsofthejawandgum.Itwastheoriessuchasthesethatledtothedevelopmentofdentalcream.Duringtheyears3000/5000BC,Egyptiansmadetoothpasteusingarecipeofpowderedashesofhoovesofoxen,myrrh,powderedandburnedeggshellsandpumice.ItisassumedthattheancientEgyptiansusedtheirfingerstorubthemixtureontoteeth.

Thetooshtick,theforerunnerofthetoothbrushhadnot,asfarasisknown,beendiscoveredatthistime.FromtherecordsoftheancientcountriesofIndiaChinaandEgypt,itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.During1000AD,thePersians,gaveadviceonthedangersofusinghardtoothpowderandrecommendationsweremadetomaketoothpowderfromburnthart-shorn,theburntshellsofsnailsandoystersandburnedgypsum.

OtherPersianrecipesincludeddriedanimalparts,herbs,honeyandminerals.Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.

Toothpowderordentifrice,wasfirstavailableinBritaininthelate18thcentury.Itcameinaceramicpotandwasavailableeitherasapowderorpaste.Therichapplieditwithbrushesandthepoorwiththeirfingers.Thepowdersweredevelopedbydoctors,dentistsandchemistsandoftencontainedingredientsthatwerehighlyabrasiveandharmfultotheteeth,suchasbrickdust,china,earthenwareorcuttlefish,andtomakethemmorepalatable,theycontainedglycerin.Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.Inthelate18century,boraxwasintroducedintheU.S.andin,1896,DentalCreamwasfirstpackagedinpowderwasusedtogetthefoamingeffect.In1873,anaromatictoothpasteinajar:collapsibletubes.BeforetheSecondWorldWar,themajorityoftoothpasteonthemarketusedsoapasanemulsifyingagent,eventhoughitwasknownthatsoaphadcertaininherentdefects.

1.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

2.Theword"extraction"inline11refersto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheGreeksandRomans（

）.

4.TheauthormentionsthatthePersiansusedtoothpowdersforwhichpurposeotherthancleaningteeth?

5.Accordingtothepassage,strontiumwasmostusefulfor（

）.

問題1選項

A.methodsofcleaningteeth

B.methodsofcaringforteeth

C.developmentoftoothpaste

D.dentalhistory

問題2選項

A.cleaning

B.removal

C.replacement

D.brushing

問題3選項

A.alsodevelopedthetoothbrush

B.hadmoredentalproblemsthanotherculture

C.werethefirsttosupportartificialteeth

D.didnotkeeprecordsoftheirdentalpractices

問題4選項

A.strengthening

B.beautifying

C.coloring

D.extracting

問題5選項

A.concentratingonthegums

B.gettingafoamingeffect

C.reducingsensitivity

D.emulsifyingagent.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要介紹了牙膏