考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisaruleinhisfamilythat（）comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anybody

B.who

C.whothat

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】句意:無論是誰回家得早，都應(yīng)該給家人做晚飯，這是他家的規(guī)定。

語法題?？疾槊~性從句引導(dǎo)詞。空格所在句為主語從句而且從句中缺主語。A不能引導(dǎo)從句,故排除。B項(xiàng)表示“誰”，具有特指的情況，不符合語境。C項(xiàng)的“who和that”不能搭配引導(dǎo)主語從句。whoever有兩個(gè)詞義：（l）nomatterwho,在這種用法時(shí)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句；（2）anybodythat（who），在這種用法時(shí)，它連接一個(gè)名詞性從句，因此，在本題中它連接的是主語從句。

2.單選題

“Howmanyofyouhavebeenangryatleastoncetoday?”askedtheconductorofananger-managementseminar.AccordingtoanarticleinTheNewYorkTimes,mostofthoseintheroomraisedtheirhands.“Thefactis,”theseminarleadercontinued,“peoplegetangryatanaverageof10to14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you’reguaranteedtogetangry.”

Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastremark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.

Althoughsomestatisticsindicatethatthenumberofon-the-jobflare-upshasincreasedinrecentyears,toholdontothenotionthatworkplaceangeristhereforeguaranteediscounterproductive.Itleavesonewiththeimpressionthatanyeffortstoremaineven-temperedatworkare,atbest,onlyabandit.

Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:don’tletitfaster;don’tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don’tgetcaughtupinotherpeople’sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.

Iwouldadd,pray.

Insteadofsittingtherefumingoversomeencounter,whynotusethetimetolistenforGod’sthoughts,hismessagestoyou?Tobesure,theywillsnuffouttheheatofangerandbringcalmness,clarity,andhealing.“ForIknowthethoughtsthatIthinktowardyou,thoughtsofpeace,andnotofevil,togiveyouanexpectedend.”

Betterstill,onecanactpreemptivelytopreventavolatileatmosphereonthejob.Agoodstartistoconsiderthatthepeopleweworkwith—whetherit’sthepersonatthedeskacrossfromoursorthepresidentofthecompany—arenotwhatweseeonthesurface.

Ifwetakeitforgrantedthatourcoworkersaresomanyindividualsmerelyofanassortmentofphysicalandemotionalcharacteristics,thenouroverallexpectationsonthejob,aswellasourconcernforthewell-beingofthoseweworkwith,arelimited.Butourtruenatureisn’tthesumofmaterialandsometimesfieryemotionalelements.EachoneofusisGod’schild.Everyone’strueselfhoodcomesfromthisonesource—God,divineSpirit—andisthereforepurelygoodandspiritual.

“Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,”wroteMaryBakerEddy,theauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese“highqualities”asourrealnature,respectfulandloving,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.

Whatweshouldbecountingonatwork,then,oranywhereelsewherepeoplecomeintocontactwithoneanother,isanatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsupheldbyGod’sthoughtsofpeace.Inthisatmosphere,solidrelationshipsdevelopandsolutionsappeareveninsituationswhereitwasbelievedthatnonewerepossible.

So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clients,andcustomers,areallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You’recertaintohavehigher-expectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemakerattitude.

Thisisdoingmorethanmanagingwork-relatedanger.Thisishelpingtoeliminatingit.

1.Whatdoesthesentence“Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork”inthe1stparagraphmean?

2.What’sthemeaningofthefirstsentenceinthe2paragraph“Upwouldhavegonemyhand”?

3.Whatguidelinesdotheanger-managementexpertsoffertosubdueworkplaceanger?

4.WhatdoestheauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScripturestrytoconveytothereadersinthe

book?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Angerforsurewouldcauseharmtoone’swork.

B.Angerisasinevitableinworkplaceasindisposition(不舒服，微恙)toaperson.

C.Angercanthreatenone’spositioninaworkplace.

D.Angerislikeanindisposition;itisunavoidablebutinsignificant.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Iwouldhaveraisedmyhand.

B.Iwouldhavevetoedtheproposalbyraisingmyhand.

C.Iwouldhavestronglyopposedtotheview.

D.Iwouldhavedisagreedandairedmyownview.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Calmdownandtrytosolvetheproblem.

B.Takeabreathbeforeyoulosecontrol.

C.Divertyourattentiontopleasantthings.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ManiscreatedbyGodwithbenevolentqualities.

B.Humanbeing’srealnatureisasrespectfulasGod.

C.WearealloffspringofGod,andourrelationshipswithothersarethatofbrotherhoodorsisterhood,sothere’snoreasonforconflicts.

D.Alloftheabovepoints.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Weshouldsparenoeffortstoeliminateworkplaceanger.

B.Praycanhelpminimizework-relatedanger.

C.TheChristianatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsasequalsonsanddaughtersofGodshouldbeadvocatedtoreduceworkplaceanger.

D.Amongvarioussolutionstoworkplaceanger,resortingtopeacebyvirtueofChristianbeliefismostefficient.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork”定位到文章第一段“…peoplegetangryatanaverageof10to14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you’reguaranteedtogetangry.”可知人們平均每天會(huì)生氣10到14次。但是生氣在工作中尤其普遍。如果你在工作，你肯定會(huì)生氣?？膳袛喑鰬嵟诠ぷ髦惺遣豢杀苊獾模瑫?huì)令人感到不適。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Upwouldhavegonemyhand”定位到文章第二段“Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastremark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.”，可知如果我當(dāng)時(shí)在房間里，聽到最后兩句話，我也會(huì)舉起我的手。并且會(huì)尊重性地表達(dá)我的反對(duì)意見?？膳袛喑鲎髡邥?huì)舉手表示對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的贊同。故選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Anger-managementexperts...guidelines”定位到文章第四段“Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:don’tletitfaster;don’tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don’tgetcaughtupinotherpeople’sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.”，可知憤怒情緒管理專家確實(shí)提供了一些常識(shí)性的指導(dǎo)方法來抑制工作憤怒：不要太快；不要因?yàn)橐恍┢桨谉o故的困難而怠慢工作；不要被別人的抱怨所困擾；如果情緒開始失控，休息一下。可判斷出憤怒情緒管理專家提出的解決方法包括及時(shí)冷靜下來并且尋找解決方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures”定位到文章第九段“‘Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,’wroteMaryBakerEddy,theauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese“highqualities”asourrealnature,respectfulandloving,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.”，可知瑪麗?貝克?艾迪在書中提到男人（包括女人）不是低等人的后代，都是最具智慧的神的后代。這個(gè)神圣的上帝，在我們每個(gè)人身上體現(xiàn)出一些高尚的品質(zhì)，這些品質(zhì)都是我們的本性——尊敬和愛，并顯示我們作為上帝的兒女彼此之間的真實(shí)關(guān)系。可判斷出作者在書中想給讀者表達(dá)出來的意思是：人類是上帝創(chuàng)造的，具有高尚善良的品質(zhì)；人的真實(shí)本性是像上帝一樣恭敬有禮貌的；我們都是上帝的后代，我們與他人的關(guān)系是情同手足，所以沒有理由產(chǎn)生沖突。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clients,andcustomers,areallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You’recertaintohavehigher-expectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemakerattitude.”，可知你可以滿懷信心地去工作，相信你和你的同事、客戶、顧客都是天性善良的人，都是慈愛的造物主的后代。你肯定會(huì)有更高的期望值，更有同情心，更有耐心。會(huì)具有一種真正的和平主義者的處事態(tài)度。最后一段為全文的主旨段，可判斷出作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該提倡基督教的氛圍，讓每個(gè)人都覺得自己是上帝的兒女，人人平等，以減少工作場(chǎng)所的憤怒情緒。故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

（）authoritiesallowaboutonetontoeachfootoflength.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tocalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale

B.Theycalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale

C.Inthecalculationtheweightofanaverageadultwhale

D.Eventhoughtheycalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)“Tocalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale”（來計(jì)算一頭普通成年鯨魚的重量），表示因果關(guān)系，符合句型結(jié)構(gòu)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“Theycalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale”（他們計(jì)算了一頭普通成年鯨魚的重量），they代指前面的內(nèi)容，因此可排除。C選項(xiàng)“Inthecalculationtheweightofanaverageadultwhale”（在計(jì)算一頭普通成年鯨的重量時(shí)），不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)與B選項(xiàng)同理。句意：……當(dāng)局允許每英尺長約一噸。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語搭配。intermsof“按照”；infavorof“有利于”；inspiteof“盡管”；inplaceof“代替”。句意：目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草，甚至動(dòng)物的排泄物代替石油來為美國制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver（）thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defend辯護(hù)；acknowledged承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)；inferred推測(cè)；contended主張，為…競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。句意：盡管他收到了幾張交通罰單，但司機(jī)辯護(hù)稱他對(duì)這幾起交通事故都沒有責(zé)任。由Although可知前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系。雖然該司機(jī)收到幾張罰單，但他辯護(hù)….故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

TheprominentBritishsurgeonJosephListerpioneeredtheuseofcarbolicacidto______surgicalinstruments,suturesandwounddressing,therebypreventinginfectionofwounds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obviate

B.desolate

C.mandate

D.sterilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)obviate“排除，避免，消除”，B項(xiàng)desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”，C項(xiàng)mandate“授權(quán)，托管”，D項(xiàng)sterilize“消毒，殺菌，使成不毛”。根據(jù)therebypreventinginfectionofwounds“從而防止傷口感染”可知，sterilize符合語境。句意：著名的英國外科醫(yī)生JosephLister率先使用石炭酸消毒手術(shù)器械、縫合線和傷口敷料，從而防止傷口感染。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence（AI）predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.35.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversationsthemostpowerfulcomputersstruguletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobjectthemostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwheretheheldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural,networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（）.

4.What'stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”（para.4）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheShapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild.

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversations,themostpowerfulcomputersstruguletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobjectthemostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.更不用說像會(huì)話這樣復(fù)雜的事情，最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)現(xiàn)在正竭力地識(shí)別物體的形狀，這對(duì)于10個(gè)月大的孩子來說是最基本的任務(wù)?？芍狣項(xiàng)“最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)仍然不能用人類的語言與人類交流。”正確。A項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別物體的形狀”與原文不符，原文提到計(jì)算機(jī)正竭力地去做這件事。B項(xiàng)文中未提及，C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的計(jì)算機(jī)與50年代的計(jì)算機(jī)表現(xiàn)不一樣”，文中提到50年代人們預(yù)測(cè)到20世紀(jì)末計(jì)算機(jī)能做家務(wù)，能與人交流，但如今計(jì)算機(jī)仍然離與人類交流還有很長的路要走。故C項(xiàng)不正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwheretheheldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI…Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.”越來越多的人工智能研究人員認(rèn)為，他們知道錯(cuò)誤在哪里。科學(xué)家們說，問題在于，人工智能一直在試圖分離最高、最抽象的思維層次，比如語言和數(shù)學(xué)，然后用邏輯的、循序漸進(jìn)的程序來復(fù)制它們。另一方面，人工智能領(lǐng)域的新動(dòng)向則更近距離地審視了自然產(chǎn)生智能的更為迂回的方式。這些研究人員中的許多人研究進(jìn)化和自然適應(yīng)，而不是形式邏輯和傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)程序。可知人工智能的新動(dòng)向源于發(fā)現(xiàn)了以前的錯(cuò)誤，即人工智能不能用邏輯程序來復(fù)制抽象的思維。于是人工智能有了新動(dòng)向…。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.有些人想研究腦細(xì)胞和蛋白質(zhì)，而不是數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)和晶體管。這些早期努力的結(jié)果是有希望的，因?yàn)樗麄兪仟?dú)特的，和新的自然為基礎(chǔ)的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)是緩慢的，但肯定會(huì)走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿?！币约暗谌巍癝pecifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.具體地說，康拉德認(rèn)為，大腦的許多能力源于組成每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。他聲稱，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法，是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來制造?？芍道录捌銩I研究團(tuán)隊(duì)將把大腦的分子技術(shù)運(yùn)用于人工智能設(shè)備上，發(fā)起了以自然為基礎(chǔ)的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)。故C項(xiàng)“該團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)了解智力是如何在自然界中發(fā)展的作出了巨大努力?！闭_。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.這些早期努力的結(jié)果是有希望的，因?yàn)樗麄兪仟?dú)特的，雖然新的以自然為基礎(chǔ)的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)是緩慢的，但肯定會(huì)走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)將走向該領(lǐng)域前沿，也就意味著人工智研究的方向是正確的。故D項(xiàng)“盡管沒有人能確定它的未來前景，但它被證明是在正確的方向上。”正確。

5.由倒數(shù)第二段Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.他聲稱，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法，是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來制造。和最后一段“Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.目前，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件根本無法匹配大腦中發(fā)生的過程仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。但如果這是真的，那么康拉德和他的同伴們的努力可能是唯一的游戲。聯(lián)系上下文可知，如果傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件根本無法匹配大腦過程這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是正確的，那么康拉德和其團(tuán)隊(duì)的觀點(diǎn)，即將大腦同樣的分子技術(shù)運(yùn)用于人工智能設(shè)備的制造上是唯一可行的制造新的人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的方法。故A項(xiàng)“這是制造人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的唯一方法”正確。

8.單選題

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.present禮物；禮品B.token象征；標(biāo)志

C.mark污點(diǎn)；污漬D.sign跡象；征兆

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交換了戒指）可推知，交換戒指是愛情的象征，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在婚禮上，新郎和新娘交換了戒指作為他們愛情的象征。

9.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday'smediaandtechnologybrawl—iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD—wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it'sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit'sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.(1)Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfotechisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday'sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.(2)SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn'texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It'snosurprise,ofcourse.(3)Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision'sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

(4)Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople~over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumers.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe'dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe'reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

(5)NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.B.White,whoin1938wrote,"Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure."Westilldon'tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese

【答案】（1）當(dāng)你設(shè)法弄清消費(fèi)信息技術(shù)將向何處發(fā)展以及這對(duì)社會(huì)意味著什么時(shí)，要記住這個(gè)重要的核心事實(shí)：人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

（2）就像其他每個(gè)消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司做的那樣，索尼公司在最近的消費(fèi)類電子產(chǎn)品展會(huì)上推出大量產(chǎn)品，這些產(chǎn)品是用來把網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻放到電視上。在同時(shí)舉行的麥客世界展會(huì)上，蘋果公司總栽史蒂夫?喬布斯推出具有同樣功能的蘋果電視。

（3）從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在，基本而明顯的事實(shí)是處理器的功能不斷提高和帶寬的不斷增大，而預(yù)言家們已經(jīng)自信地預(yù)測(cè)了這一天。正如他們自信地預(yù)言它的含義：傳統(tǒng)的電視節(jié)目會(huì)被替代。

（4）實(shí)際情況卻正好相反。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代有其他多種選擇，我們美國人如今看的無聊電視卻比以往任何時(shí)候都多，這就說明了問題。

（5）關(guān)于電視，沒有人比著名的《紐約人》雜志評(píng)論家E.B.懷特的評(píng)價(jià)更恰當(dāng)。他在1938年寫道：“我們的好壞將取決于電視,這一點(diǎn)我敢肯定?！?/p>

10.單選題

Despiterepeated（

）byeducationalauthoritiesforconcretemeasurestoreducestudents’burdens，littlehaschanged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.directions

B.recommendations

C.advice

D.calls

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管教務(wù)部再三呼吁減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)，但是幾乎沒有改變。direction“指示”；recommendation“推薦；建議”；advice“建議”；calls“呼吁”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Examinethedataovertime,andyou’llfindirrefutableevidenceofprogress:thedeclineofwar,theincreaseinlifespan;（）ofliteracy,democracy,andequalrights,（）ofprivilegebasedonrace,gender,heredityandbeliefs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thespread...thewaning

B.thespreading...thewane

C.thespreads...thewanes

D.thespreading…thewaning

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞性。the+名詞，表示特指。spread可以做動(dòng)詞，也可以做名詞。Wane是動(dòng)詞，變名詞為在其后加-ing。句意：回顧一段時(shí)間以來的數(shù)據(jù)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有不可辨駁的證據(jù)證明社會(huì)在進(jìn)步：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)減少，壽命延長，識(shí)字率的提高以及民主和權(quán)利平等意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，基于種族、性別、出身、信仰而獲得的特權(quán)的減少。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebest

B.thebetter

C.betterthan

D.asgoodas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。“The+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”，表示“越……就越……”，B選項(xiàng)正確。句意是‘達(dá)爾文指出，一個(gè)生物擁有的生存特征越多，該物種拙有這些特征的機(jī)會(huì)越大?！?/p>

13.單選題

Metalmustbehammeredandcooledrapidlyto______internalstresscausedbyheating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.release

C.relieve

D.replace

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retain“保持”；B選項(xiàng)release“釋放”；C選項(xiàng)relieve“減輕”；D選項(xiàng)replace“取代”。句意：金屬必須迅速錘擊和冷卻，以減輕加熱引起的內(nèi)應(yīng)力。本句減輕內(nèi)應(yīng)力。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ifyoukeepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deficient

B.deceptive

C.defective

D.ineffective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deficient“不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的”，尤指數(shù)量不足；B選項(xiàng)deceptive“欺詐的；迷惑的；虛偽的”；C選項(xiàng)defective“有缺陷的；不完美的”，尤指質(zhì)量不佳；D選項(xiàng)ineffective“失效的，不起作用的，無效的”。句意：如果你總是打錯(cuò)電話，你的電話可能是無效的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Doyouhaveany（

）aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideal

B.comprehension

C.notion

D.intelligence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。ideal“理想”；comprehension“理解力”；notion“觀念，意見”；intelligence“智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么樣的嗎？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，這家旅館的雙人間只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索價(jià),要價(jià)。

17.單選題

Johnmade（）keysforthehouse:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deviate

B.duplicate

C.dozen

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。deviate偏離的；duplicate復(fù)制的；dozen一打；deliberate故意的。句意：約翰復(fù)制了兩把房子的鑰匙,

一把給妻子,

一把給自己。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital______practicinginmedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withaviewto

B.withregardto

C.withtheaimat

D.withtheobjectfor

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.withaviewto著眼于，以……為目的B.withregardto關(guān)于，至于

C.withtheaimat目的在于D.withtheobjectfor目的是為了

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由walkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital（在圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房里巡視）可知，______practicinginmedicine（行醫(yī)）中的空格處應(yīng)該表示“目的是……”，而withaviewtodoingsth.為固定用法，表示“為了做某事”。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)不符合句意；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒有這個(gè)用法。

【句意】后來，薩默塞特?毛姆在圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房里巡視，目的是能從醫(yī)。

19.單選題

Youwillhavetoworkhardto（

）

thetimeyoulost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeuseof

B.makeupfor

C.makewayof

D.makeroomfor

【答案】B

【解析】makeuseof利用；makeupfor彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償；makewayfor讓路,為...開路；makeroomfor為...騰出空位。句意:你必須努力工作來彌補(bǔ)你失去的時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實(shí)行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計(jì)算個(gè)人每日所需熱量時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到體型、體力活動(dòng)和年齡的變化。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

21.單選題

Bobisso（）tohisappearancethatheneverhashisclothespressedorhisshoesshined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hardy

B.intense

C.indifferent

D.bewildered

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hardy“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”；B選項(xiàng)intense“強(qiáng)烈的”；C選項(xiàng)indifferent“不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)bewildered“困惑的”。句意：鮑勃對(duì)自己的外表漠不關(guān)心，他從不熨衣服或擦鞋。本句表示對(duì)外表不在意、漠不關(guān)心。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Leo.Tolstoywas（）asthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.saluted

B.estimated

C.scaled

D.measured

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)salute“敬禮，致敬”；B選項(xiàng)estimate“估計(jì)，判斷”；C選項(xiàng)scale“測(cè)量，攀登”；D選項(xiàng)measure“測(cè)量，估量”。句意“列夫?托爾斯泰被譽(yù)為20世紀(jì)最偉大的作家?！边x項(xiàng)A符合語境。

23.單選題

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits