考研考博-英語-德宏職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-德宏職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:absorption“吸收”；B:transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；C:consumption“消費”；D:interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐后w，吸收了周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這種吸收產(chǎn)生了周圍的人工寒冷。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里所指的是吸熱，因此A最合適。

2.單選題

Toconductsomeformsofsleepresearch,wehavetofindawaytotracksleepinessovertheday.Somepeoplemightbelievethatmeasuringsleepinessisafairlytrivialtask.Couldn'tyou,forinstance,simplycountthenumberoftimesapersonyawnsduringanygivenhourorso?

Inmostpeople'sminds,yawning—thatslow,exaggeratedmouthopeningwiththelong,deepinhalationofair,followedbyabrieferexhalation—isthemostobvioussignofsleepiness.Itisacommonbehaviorsharedbymanyanimals,includingourpetdogsandcatsbutalsocrocodiles,snakes,birds,andevensomefishes.Itiscertainlytruethatsleepypeopletendtoyawnmorethanwide-awakepeople.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhosaytheyareboredbywhatishappeningatthemomentwilltendtoyawnmorefrequently.However,whetheryawningisasignthatyouaregettingreadyforsleeporthatyouaresuccessfullyfightingoffsleepisnotknown.Simplystretchingyourbody,asyoumightdoifyouhavebeensittinginthesamepositionforalongperiodoftime,willoftentriggerayawn.

Unfortunately,yawnsdon'tjustindicatesleepiness.Insomeanimals,yawningisasignofstress.Whenadogtrainerseesadogyawninginadogobedienceclass,itisusuallyasignthattheanimalisunderagooddealofpressure.Perhapsthehandlerispushingtoohardormovingtoofastforthedogtofeelincontrolofthesituation.Amomentortwoofplayandthenturningtoanotheractivityisusuallyenoughtobanishyawningforquiteawhile.

Yawningcanalsobeasignofstressinhumans.Once,whenobservingairbornetroopsabouttotaketheirfirstparachutejump,Inoticedthatseveralofthesoldiersweresittingintheplaneandyawning.Itwas10a.m.,justafteracoffeebreak,andIdoubtedthattheyweretired;Iknewforafactthattheywerefartoonervoustobebored.WhenIaskedaboutthis,theofficerinchargelaughedandsaiditwasreallyquiteacommonbehavior,especiallyonthefirstjump.

Thereisalsoasocialaspecttoyawning.Psychologistshaveplacedactorsincrowdedroomsandauditoriumsandhadthemdeliberatelyyawn.Withinmoments,thereisusuallyanincreaseinyawningbyeveryoneelseintheroom.Similarly,peoplewhowatchfilmsorvideosofothersyawningaremorelikelytoyawn.Evenjustreadingaboutyawningtendstostimulatepeopletoyawn.

Thetruthofthematteristhatwereallydon'tknowwhatpurposeyawningserves.Scientistsoriginallythoughtthatthepurposeofyawningwastoincreasetheamountofoxygeninthebloodortoreleasesomeaccumulatedcarbondioxide.Wenowknowthatthisisnottrue,sinceincreasingtheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairseemsnottomakepeoplemorelikelytoyawnbuttomakethembreathefastertotrytobringinmoreoxygen.Ontheotherhand,breathing100percentpureoxygendoesnotseemtoreducethelikelihoodofyawning.

Sinceyawningseemstobeassociatedwithalotmorethantheneedforsleep,weobviouslyhavetofindsomeothermeasureofsleepiness.Someresearchershavesimplytriedtoaskpeoplehowsleepytheyfeelatanytimeusingsomesortofself-ratingscale.Thereare,however,problemswithgettingpeopletomakethesetypesofjudgments.Sometimespeoplesimplylietotheresearcherswhenaskedabouthowsleepytheyare.Thisoccursbecauseinmanyareasofsocietyadmittingthatoneisfatiguedandsleepyisconsideredamarkofweaknessorlackofambitionanddrive.Inotherinstances,peoplemayadmittheyneedfourcupsofcoffeetomakeitthroughthemorning,butitmayneveroccurtothemthatthismightbeduetothefactthattheyaresosleepythattheyneedstimulationfromcaffeinetobeabletodotheirrequiredtasks.Forthesereasons,manyresearchershavedevelopedanalternatemethodtodeterminehowsleepyapersonis.Itisbaseduponasimpledefinitionofsleepneed:Thegreateryoursleepneed,orthesleepieryouare,thefasteryouwillfallasleepifgiventheopportunitytodoso.

1.ThequestioninLines3-4(Paragraph1)isbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

2.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph?

3.Theauthormentionsthe"coffeebreak"toemphasizethata（）

4.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdirectlydisprovewhat"scientistsoriginallythought"？

5.Thepassageasawholeisbestcharacterizedas（）

問題1選項

A.Directobservationistheonlyreliablemethodofconductingsleepresearch.

B.Peoplewillyawnmostfrequentlyinthemomentsbeforetheyfallasleep.

C.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenyawningandsleepiness.

D.Yawningisabehavioroverwhichindividualsexertlittleconsciouscontrol.

問題2選項

A.Understatement.

B.Anecdote.

C.Analogy.

D.Metaphor.

問題3選項

A.briefrespitewassorelyneeded

B.givenattitudewasinappropriate

C.specificresponsewasunderstandable

D.certainbehaviorwasunexpected

問題4選項

A.Carbondioxidedoesnotaffectpeople'sbreathingrates.

B.Yawningdoesnotreducetheneedforsleep,thoughitmaymakeapersonfeellesstired.

C.Becauseyawningbringsmoreairintothelungs,itcanincreasetherateatwhichoxygenisabsorbed.

D.Peopledonottendtoyawnmuchathighaltitudes,whereoxygenlevelsintheairarelow.

問題5選項

A.informative

B.confessional

C.philosophical

D.argumentative

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章首段的問題是很多人認(rèn)為測量睡眠不難，難道數(shù)一數(shù)在測定時間內(nèi)的哈欠數(shù)不可以嗎？在第二段中提及打哈欠是失眠最明顯的跡象。言外之意是在睡眠與哈欠之間有某種關(guān)系。選項C正確。

第2題:信息歸納題。understatement"陳述"；anecdote"奇聞軼事"；analogy"類比"；metaphor"暗喻"。第四段作者舉了一個親身經(jīng)歷的例子，關(guān)于士兵第一次跳傘都會打哈欠的事例，此例子應(yīng)屬于奇聞軼事。選項B正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“coffeebreak”定位到第四段，作者認(rèn)為士兵們剛過了coffeebreak，不應(yīng)該感到困乏。所以打哈欠這個行為是出乎意料的。選項D正確。

第4題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句的科學(xué)家最初認(rèn)為打哈欠的目的是增加血液中的氧氣含量或釋放一些積聚的二氧化碳。根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句可知選項A表述錯誤；選項B與題干不符；選項C在文中沒有提及；選項D在氧氣濃度低的高地，人們并沒有打更多哈欠的趨勢。按照科學(xué)家的理論，在氧氣濃度低的地方，為了增加血液中的氧氣，人們要多打哈欠，而現(xiàn)在恰恰沒有多打,因此證明科學(xué)家之前的想法是不正確的。所以本題選D。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。informative"教育性的"；confessional"懺悔的"；philosophical"哲學(xué)的"；argumentative"爭辯的"。本文主要針對別人的觀點進(jìn)行了反駁，看似是辯論，但文中的反駁都是為作者的敘述而服務(wù)的，并非針鋒相對的辯論，所以總體看來還是一篇以普及教育為主的文章，所以選項A更為合適。

3.單選題

ThelostcaroftheThompsonswasfoundforsakeninthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。forsake意為“拋棄，遺棄”；vanish意為“消失”；scatter意為“驅(qū)散，散開”；abandon意為“放棄，拋棄”；reject意為“拒絕”。

句意：湯普森一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在遠(yuǎn)離高速公路的樹林里。

4.單選題

Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either（）orsignificant.

問題1選項

A.preliminary

B.versatile

C.trivial

D.alternate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。preliminary“初步的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；trivial“不重要的”；alternate“交替的”。根據(jù)orsignificant可知空格處詞語的意思應(yīng)該與significant相反，因此選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

ThebeautyofHopipaintedpotteryisknownthroughoutthemodernworld;soalsowasitknownandhighlyvaluedintheaboriginalworldoftheNorthAmericanWest.UntilapproximatelyA.D.1300potteryintheHopicountrywassimplyaregionalvariationonthewaresofotherpartsofthePuebloarea.Then,withtheadventofthefourteenthcentury,cameanartisticexplosion.Theblack-on-whitedesigns,belovedofarchaeologistsbutrelativelyundistinguished,weresupersededbybrilliant,black-on-orangedesignsandorangepolychromes.Theseinturnweresupersededbyblack-on-yellowtypesquitedifferentindesign,layout,andexecutionfromanyotherPuebloware.Bytheadditionofredtothis,apolychromewasproduced.Itsmoderncounterpartisinconstantdemandinshopsthroughoutthecountry.ItiscalledSikyatkiPolychromeafterthefirstmajorarchaeologicalexcavationintheHopicountry.

IncontrasttothealmostexclusivelygeometricnatureofotherPueblowares,thelateprehistoricHopiyellowsandpolychromesarecharacterizedbystartling,sweepingcurvilinearmotifs;bird,animal,floral,andhumanrepresentations;andreligiousmasksandceremonialscenes.TheirfreedomofrenditioniscompletelyatvariancewiththecanonsofallotherprehistoricPuebloschoolsofpotterydesign,exceptforthecontemporaryMimbreswareinwesternNewMexico,whichsharedsome,butfarfromallofthefreedomfromestablishedtradition.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?

問題1選項

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.

問題2選項

A.NorthAmericanWest

B.qualityofakindofpottery

C.Hopiculture

D.modernworld

問題3選項

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.

問題4選項

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.

問題5選項

A.Birdrepresentations.

B.Commonweapons.

C.Ceremonialscenes.

D.Humanfigures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.這篇文章主要討論什么？

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.A.霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)。

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.B.在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器。

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.C.霍皮人在繪制陶器時使用的各種圖案和顏色。

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.D.霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計的陶器的關(guān)系。

【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一句指明“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名”，隨之，作者介紹了不同時期下霍皮彩陶的特點，包括它們使用的色彩和圖案，所以整篇文章主要討論的就是霍皮人在彩繪陶器中使用的圖案和色彩，所以該題選擇C選項“霍皮人在繪制陶器時使用的各種圖案和顏色”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)”，原文沒有提到霍皮人的銷售技術(shù)，該項無中生有；

B項“在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器”和D項“霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計的陶器的關(guān)系”只是原文中的某一個方面，不是主要內(nèi)容，以偏概全。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.2.第一句中的it指的是______。

A.NorthAmericanWestA.北美西部

B.qualityofakindofpotteryB.一種陶器的品質(zhì)

C.HopicultureC.霍皮文化

D.modernworldD.現(xiàn)代世界

【答案】B

【考查點】詞匯推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至首段第一句“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名；因此，在北美西部的土著世界也被人們所知并被高度重視”，從中可知，這里的it指的依然是霍皮彩陶，所以該題選擇B項“一種陶器的品質(zhì)”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“北美西部”由解題思路可知，該項曲解原文；

C項“霍皮文化”和D項“現(xiàn)代世界”在該句都沒有提及，無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?3.在第一段中，關(guān)于公元1300年以前的霍皮陶器是怎么說的？

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.A.它被運往世界各地。

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.B.它的昂貴價格使它很難購買。

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.C.它的黑白設(shè)計很少見。

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.D.它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似。

【答案】D

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“大約在公元1300年以前，霍皮人國家的陶器僅僅是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種”可知，霍皮陶器是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種，這也就是說霍皮陶器其實和其他普韋布洛陶器相似。因此，該題選擇D項“它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“它被運往世界各地”在原文中只在第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“它的現(xiàn)代版（moderncounterpart）在全國各地的商店里不斷地有需求”，從moderncounterpart（現(xiàn)代版）可知這并不是公元1300年以前的事情，該項曲解原文；

B項“它的昂貴價格使它很難購買”在原文并沒有提到關(guān)于霍皮彩陶的價格，該項無中生有；

C項“它的黑白設(shè)計很少見”，定位第一段第四句“考古學(xué)家們鐘愛黑白圖案，但相對來說并不出眾（relativelyundistinguished）……”可知，黑白圖案的設(shè)計只是并不出眾，而不是很少見，該項曲解原文。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?4.根據(jù)這篇文章，霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)生在什么時候？

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.A.在十三世紀(jì)之前的幾年里。

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.B.在十三世紀(jì)的頭幾十年里。

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.C.在十四世紀(jì)初。

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.D.在十四世紀(jì)中期。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三四句“然后，隨著十四世紀(jì)的到來，藝術(shù)出現(xiàn)了爆炸性的發(fā)展（cameanartisticexplosion）?？脊艑W(xué)家們鐘愛的黑白圖案，但相對來說并不出眾，后來被明亮的顏色所代替，出現(xiàn)了彩陶?！笨芍?，十四世紀(jì)的到來，霍皮陶器取得了重大進(jìn)步，這也就是說霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)生在十四世紀(jì)早期。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在十三世紀(jì)之前的幾年里”和B項“在十三世紀(jì)的頭幾十年里”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項屬于曲解原文；

D項“在十四世紀(jì)中期”在原文沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?5.以下哪一項沒有被提到作為霍皮彩陶的設(shè)計？

A.Birdrepresentations.A.鳥禽描繪。

B.Commonweapons.B.普通武器。

C.Ceremonialscenes.C.儀式場景。

D.Humanfigures.D.人體畫像。

【答案】B

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第二段第一句“與其他普韋布洛人的幾乎完全的幾何性質(zhì)相比，史前晚期的霍皮黃陶和彩陶以驚人的、廣泛的曲線圖案為特征，表現(xiàn)元素多為鳥、動物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場景”可知，霍皮彩陶的圖案多為鳥、動物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場景，只有B項“普通武器”沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A項“鳥禽描繪”、C項“儀式場景”和D項“人體畫像”由解題思路可知，這三項都是霍皮彩陶的圖案，屬于反向干擾。

6.單選題

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.

Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,ifthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern’’toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling（呼呀學(xué)語）,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

1.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas（

）.

2.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostlikelythat（

）.

3.Whatisparticularlyremarkableaboutachildisthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewillinfuture（

）.

問題1選項

A.toprovethatchildrenarebomwiththeabilitytospeak

B.todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech

C.tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak

D.toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage

問題2選項

A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly

B.theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce

C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak

D.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem

問題3選項

A.heisbomwiththecapacitytospeak

B.hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s

C.hecanproducehisownsentences

D.heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing

問題4選項

A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

B.Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.

C.Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.

D.Alltheabove.

問題5選項

A.haveahighIQ

B.belessintelligent

C.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals

D.notnecessarilybebackward

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。該實驗?zāi)康某霈F(xiàn)在第一段最后一句:Hopingtodiscoverwhat1anguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent(他希望能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子在沒有聽到任何母語的時候會說什么，并囑咐護(hù)士們保持沉默)。因此B項(發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子在沒有聽到任何人類語言的情況下會說什么語言)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞backwardinspeaking定位至第三段,后一句給出了原因:Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly(最常見的原因是，母親對嬰兒的信號不敏感)。故選C項(母親對他們試圖說話的信號不敏感)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways(更加令人難以置信的是，嬰兒的大腦能夠從他聽到的周圍各種聲音中找到語言的順序，并且對其進(jìn)行分析，從而把這種語言以新的方式進(jìn)行組合和重新組合),此句的incredible與題干中的remarkable對應(yīng),因此C項(他們能生成新的句子)正確。

4.推斷題。第五段:Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak(最近的證據(jù)表明嬰兒具有說話能力),因此A項正確。由第五段的第二,三句可得出B項(孩子的大腦是高度選擇性的)正確。第四段:Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage(專家認(rèn)為，語言階段是以固定的順序和固定的年齡達(dá)到的)，因此C項(大多數(shù)兒童在特定階段學(xué)習(xí)語言)正確。故選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段:buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ,說明一個孩子比別人開始說話晚也有可能在未來擁有高智商,故選D。

7.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步正在使我們能夠去了解宇宙最遠(yuǎn)的地方、物質(zhì)最基本的成分和生命的奇跡。

與此同時，人類今天的作為和不作為，不僅危及地球上的生命，且還危害地球本身的壽命。

全球化正在讓世界變得更小、更快速地運轉(zhuǎn)和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感卻提醒我們一個更小、更快速運轉(zhuǎn)的世界不一定是一個更安全的世界。

我們的世界正充滿知識，但其迫切需要智慧?，F(xiàn)在，當(dāng)（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出正變得更短、即時信息排擠短文和和個人生活變得更瘋狂時，能夠深思的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是我們這個世界所需要的。

由于這些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更堅定地相信，大學(xué)有著獨特的且無可取代的使命。

8.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問題1選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題2選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題3選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題4選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題5選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開頭提到committee時，使用了定冠詞the修飾committee，說明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過，選項F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文。空格前一句提及應(yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而對此卻束手無策。選項E中提及女性沒有成為科學(xué)家是因為科學(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性，與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭竦那耙痪渲刑岬讲⒉皇敲恳粋€人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問題就是歧視的這一說法，接下來作者很有可能要舉例說明該觀點。另外，第二段末提到了一個人名Kleinfeld,說明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息，選項中符合語境的只有選項B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂暗亩沃刑峒癒leinfeld教授認(rèn)為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因為性別歧視，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問題通常來自于無意識的偏見(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反，由此可知，空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折