考研考博-英語-大連商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

SectionB

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“l(fā)imitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

SectionC

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

SectionD

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

SectionE

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

1.therealizationthattheresourcesofthenationalhealthsystemswerelimited

2.asharpriseinthecostofhealth-care

3.abeliefthatallthehealth-careresourcesthecommunityneededwouldbeproducedbyeconomicgrowth

4.anacceptanceoftheroleofthestateinguaranteeingtheprovisionofhealth-care

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionB中第二句，“Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.”在20世紀(jì)50年代和20世紀(jì)60年代，西方社會(huì)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，提供礦物燃料能源的資源是有限的，也是可耗盡的，自然或環(huán)境維持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人口的能力也是有限的?？膳袛喑鰢乙庾R(shí)到醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的資源是有限的在20世紀(jì)50年代和20世紀(jì)60年代，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionE第三句，“…h(huán)ealthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.”，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占GDP的比例從1960年的3.8%上升到1980年的7%，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占GDP的比例還將繼續(xù)上升?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)療費(fèi)用的增長發(fā)生在1960-1980年，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionB最后一句，“…afterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the‘invisiblehand’ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.”，1939年至1945年世界大戰(zhàn)之后，人們深信從原則上來說，任何社區(qū)的所有基本醫(yī)療需求都能得到滿足，經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步將帶來影響?？膳袛喑鋈藗兿嘈派鐓^(qū)所需的所有醫(yī)療保健資源將隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長帶來保障是在1945-1950年間，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD第一、二句，“bythelate1970s…Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.”，到20世紀(jì)70年代末，人們還認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)權(quán)利使國家有義務(wù)確保從公共財(cái)政中劃分出充分的醫(yī)療保健資源。所以可判斷出人們接受國家在保證提供醫(yī)療保健方面的作用在20世紀(jì)70年代末，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)theword“這個(gè)詞；某個(gè)特定的詞或話”；B選項(xiàng)words“歌詞，臺(tái)詞，談話，言語”；C選項(xiàng)word“消息，音信，謠言，傳說”；D選項(xiàng)thewords“特指某些單詞”。句意：她發(fā)生了什么事情，你得到她的消息了嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.awell-knownhumanist

B.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights

D.asupporterofanimalresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:本題考查了考生對(duì)作者意圖的把握。定位到第一段，EdmundBurke這句話的意思是“好人的不作為就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)想要盛行所需要的所有條件”，可以看出這是在諷刺好人不去做出應(yīng)有的行為，再緊接著后文也提到“現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)組織他們呼吁不要用動(dòng)物來做實(shí)驗(yàn)，動(dòng)物也有自己的權(quán)利，而科學(xué)家必須采取行動(dòng)來回復(fù)這些人”，可以得出，作者的目的是呼吁科學(xué)家們行動(dòng)起來，因此答案為A。

第2題:本題是細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中說“tendtothink”提示我們答案可能在文中沒有直接體現(xiàn)，需要我們結(jié)合原文進(jìn)行推理，推理出這些被誤導(dǎo)的人們對(duì)于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)是何種態(tài)度，題干關(guān)鍵詞就是“misledpeople”，可以幫我們定位到第一段，最后一句說“當(dāng)人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)殘忍對(duì)待動(dòng)物的指控時(shí)，許多人都不明白為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物”。第二段是一個(gè)具體的被誤導(dǎo)的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是說她反對(duì)用動(dòng)物來做研究。第三段最后一句非常關(guān)鍵：“對(duì)于他們來說，動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)說得好是浪費(fèi)，說得不好是殘忍”。從以上的分析可以看出，受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B最符合原文。A中雖然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對(duì)，因?yàn)楸徽`導(dǎo)的人們不可能認(rèn)為那是普通的事情。C說的是“不可避免的，但是邪惡的”，也不正確，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥]有提到不可避免這個(gè)說法。D項(xiàng)說的是“毫無意義，浪費(fèi)的”，文中沒有提到毫無意義這個(gè)意思。

第3題:這也是一道作者意圖題，例子說的是一位老太太向大家發(fā)傳單，呼吁大家不要用任何來自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過的東西。當(dāng)她被問及是否反對(duì)使用疫苗時(shí)，老太太說，若疫苗也來源于動(dòng)物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計(jì)算機(jī)來解決?？梢娎咸珜?duì)科學(xué)的無知。而她的這種無知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句話感嘆“這些好心人壓根兒就不明白”，所以答案為B。A說的是公眾對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的不滿。但是，老太太的例子不僅是為了說明這一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)例子反映的不僅是他們的不滿，更多的要透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，全文來看，作者的目的是為了指出公眾不滿的根源——對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)研究不了解，然后號(hào)召科學(xué)家們針對(duì)這個(gè)根源采取行動(dòng)。因此老太太的例子是為了反映公眾的無知。

第4題:這里考查的是作者的態(tài)度題，解答這類問題時(shí)，考生需要代入作者的思維，從全文把握作者的感情色彩，作者對(duì)這個(gè)事件的看法，然后根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞去定位具體細(xì)節(jié)處。本題關(guān)鍵詞“challengefromanimalrightsadvocates”以及“sientitsshould”，解題線索可在最后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都是有助于他們與公眾更好的交流。答案很明顯是A。選項(xiàng)B、C以及D貌似合理，其實(shí)文中都沒有提到。

第5題:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干問我們StephenCooper是一個(gè)什么身份的人，我們根據(jù)人名定位到最后一段，我們可以找到線索“Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,…courageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.”，這句話告訴我們Cooper是個(gè)名人，同時(shí)也曾經(jīng)生病過，他是高度贊揚(yáng)過動(dòng)物研究的，因此，我們可以得出他是動(dòng)物研究的支持者。答案為D。

4.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.

Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmostprobablydenotesthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearancet

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldaget

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashiont

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashiont

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlifet

B.personaldresst

C.individualhairstylet

D.personalfuturet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniformt

B.variedt

C.unknownt

D.inexplicablet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformityt

B.formalityt

C.informalityt

D.diversityt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.careaboutappearanceinformalsituationst

B.fashioninformalandinformalsituationst

C.ignoringappearanceininformalsituationst

D.ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在第一段中，作者認(rèn)為人是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段，F(xiàn)ewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare（我們中很少有人能滿足于接受自己本來的樣子）可知A項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的外表感到滿意”錯(cuò)誤；Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（在我們十幾歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，我們比生命中的任何時(shí)候都更擔(dān)心我們的外表以及我們?cè)趧e人眼中的形象）可知，人們?cè)谀贻p的時(shí)候最關(guān)注外表，故B項(xiàng)“老年時(shí)關(guān)心外表”表述不準(zhǔn)確；fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion（也很少有人有足夠的勇氣忽視流行趨勢(shì)）可知，C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有忽視什么是時(shí)尚”正確，而D項(xiàng)“不愿跟隨時(shí)尚潮流”正好與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告似乎把時(shí)尚和……聯(lián)系了起來”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.（他們告訴我們，如果我們這樣做，我們就能自信地認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友，從容自信地應(yīng)對(duì)各種情況）可知，時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告把時(shí)尚和自信聯(lián)系在了一起，故A項(xiàng)“生活中的自信”正確。B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人服裝”和C項(xiàng)“個(gè)人發(fā)型”是屬于時(shí)尚的具體方面，不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的未來”屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，時(shí)尚的原因是……”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（是什么導(dǎo)致了時(shí)尚的變化？有時(shí)，便利、實(shí)際需要或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就可以建立一種時(shí)尚），由此可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚的原因有很多種，所以B項(xiàng)“多種多樣”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)一”、C項(xiàng)“未知”和D項(xiàng)“令人費(fèi)解”均不符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)今社會(huì)更加自由和容易，因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)……”。根據(jù)第五段第二句Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿你喜歡的衣服或做你喜歡的發(fā)型，而不是你應(yīng)該的方式，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知，時(shí)尚就是自己可以穿自己喜歡的服裝和發(fā)型，按照自己喜歡的方式來，由此可推斷當(dāng)今社會(huì)更加自由和容易是因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)非拘謹(jǐn)性，故C項(xiàng)“不拘禮節(jié)”正確。B項(xiàng)“拘謹(jǐn)性”與原文相反；A項(xiàng)“均勻性”未提及；D項(xiàng)“多樣性”，這是導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚的原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“最后一段很可能表示……”。最后一段第一句提到Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，然后我們必須仔細(xì)選擇我們的衣服），接著舉了兩個(gè)例子加以說明在一些正式的場(chǎng)合中應(yīng)該選擇合適的衣服，所以A項(xiàng)“在正式場(chǎng)合要注重儀表”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的時(shí)尚”，最后一段沒有做出正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的對(duì)比；C項(xiàng)“在非正式場(chǎng)合忽視外表”，這是斷章取義；D項(xiàng)“在任何情況下都忽視外表”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，第一批網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為我們所用，從而出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾是專為科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和軍隊(duì)所用）可知選D。

2.詞義題。stickinginto意為“堅(jiān)持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意為“輕拍”；makinguseof意為“利用”；investing意為“投資，花費(fèi)”。根據(jù)“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（現(xiàn)在云計(jì)算和移動(dòng)設(shè)備可以……巨大的計(jì)算能力和數(shù)據(jù)庫使站在浴室里籃球賽成為可能）中前后的句意，可知C選項(xiàng)最符合語境。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，連接的設(shè)備……越來越多地收集有關(guān)日常個(gè)人行為和習(xí)慣的新信息，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有關(guān)自己的數(shù)據(jù)）可知選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代計(jì)算機(jī)——從數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知計(jì)算系統(tǒng)——能閱讀推特或電子書或觀看視頻，能并理解其內(nèi)容）可知選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥著大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這可能和說LadyGaga的服裝很有趣一樣顯而易見）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超過80%的數(shù)據(jù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)化的：視頻、新聞報(bào)道、學(xué)術(shù)論文、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)論。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能搜索、分析和與其他數(shù)據(jù)混合）可知B選項(xiàng)“世界上充斥著太多令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)”符合題意。

6.單選題

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）,togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查時(shí)間副詞（短語）。Justwhen正當(dāng)；While當(dāng)……時(shí)；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根據(jù)上下文判斷，事件發(fā)生在前，報(bào)紙報(bào)道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分詞辨析?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，報(bào)紙報(bào)道事件細(xì)節(jié)是主動(dòng)的，所以用giving。

3.

考查關(guān)系代詞。Wherever無論哪里，表地點(diǎn)；Whatever無論什么；However不管怎樣；Whichever無論哪一個(gè)；由后一句onthespot（當(dāng)場(chǎng)）可推斷出應(yīng)選地點(diǎn)狀語wherever。

4.

考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem問題；purpose目的。由動(dòng)詞不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，選項(xiàng)D符合要求。

5.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。make使，讓；publish出版；know知道，了解；write寫。句意：新聞發(fā)生的源頭或是從那些將新聞制作并散播人處獲得，并傳播給那些想要了解新聞的人們。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.

考查代詞辨析。another另一個(gè)；oneanother彼此，互相；theother兩者中的另一個(gè)；other“其他的”。其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。句意：收音機(jī)、電報(bào)、電視以及其他發(fā)明。

7.

考查邏輯連接詞。However然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表結(jié)果。根據(jù)上下文，句子間邏輯判斷為轉(zhuǎn)折。選項(xiàng)中的however意為“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名詞辨析。value價(jià)值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他們快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式來提高速度。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spread傳播；passed傳遞，通過；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的報(bào)紙被印刷并且被閱讀。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既可指人又可指物，branchoutinto“拓展”，只能用于指人。句意：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也使得報(bào)紙拓展到很多其他領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.

考查名詞辨析。matters“當(dāng)前狀況”；affairs“公共事務(wù)及安全事務(wù)”；things“事情”一般用于口語中；events“重大，重要事件”。句意：政治事件以及其他重要且嚴(yán)肅的事件。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.

考查介詞辨析。on在……之上；through通過……；with和……；of屬于……的。句意：報(bào)紙通過廣告影響人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。throug