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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州康大職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

()fabricsusuallydon’twrinkleasmuchascotton.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Symbolic

B.Sympathetic

C.Synthetic

D.Systematic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)symbolic“象征的;符號(hào)的”;B選項(xiàng)sympathetic“同情的;和諧的”;C選項(xiàng)synthetic“綜合的;合成的,人造的”;D選項(xiàng)systematic“系統(tǒng)的;體系的”。句意:合成纖維織物通常沒(méi)有棉織物那么容易起皺。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“fabrics纖維織物”可知“合成的”符合句意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof“foreign”cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”,whilepresentinallanimals,isroostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypesofnutrients

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?31.這篇文章主要討論什么?

A.Howparasitesreproduce.A.寄生蟲(chóng)如何繁殖。

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.B.生物體如何對(duì)入侵者做出反應(yīng)。

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.C.抗生素是如何治療疾病的。

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.D.脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)是如何發(fā)展的。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先,根據(jù)首段最后一句“生物進(jìn)化出了各種各樣的防御機(jī)制來(lái)保護(hù)自己的身體免受其他生物的入侵”,和末段第一句“區(qū)分‘自我’和‘非自我’的能力,雖然存在于所有動(dòng)物中,但在脊椎動(dòng)物中是非常有效的,它們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一種免疫系統(tǒng)作為它們的防御機(jī)制”;從中可知文章首段和尾段討論的都是生物體的防御機(jī)制;然后看到文章行為結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu),開(kāi)頭介紹引發(fā)生物進(jìn)化出防御機(jī)制的原因,后面三段分別討論這種防御機(jī)制的作用。綜上所述,可以得知這篇文章主要討論的是生物體如何對(duì)入侵者做出反應(yīng)。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“寄生蟲(chóng)如何繁殖”和D選項(xiàng)“脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)是如何發(fā)展的”屬于以偏概全;

C選項(xiàng)“抗生素是如何治療疾病的”沒(méi)提及,無(wú)中生有。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.32.第一行中的“intricate”一詞的意思最接近______。

A.difficultA.困難的

B.widespreadB.廣泛的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.complexD.復(fù)雜的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第一句“在這個(gè)龐大而intricate的生物群落中(inthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthings),每個(gè)物種的生存都依賴于其他生物的存在”,由所修飾的assemblage(群落),以及并列的定語(yǔ)vast(龐大的)可推測(cè),intricate應(yīng)該表示“復(fù)雜”的意思,所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“困難的”、B選項(xiàng)“廣泛的”和C選項(xiàng)“批判的”不符合原文意思,曲解原文。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.33.根據(jù)這篇文章,一些生物產(chǎn)生抗生素是為了______。

A.preventdiseaseinhumansA.預(yù)防人類疾病

B.aiddigestionB.有助消化

C.fightoffotherorganismsC.抵抗其他生物

D.createnewtypesofnutrientsD.創(chuàng)造新的營(yíng)養(yǎng)類型

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位原文第二段前兩句“某些真菌,甚至是某些種類的細(xì)菌會(huì)向環(huán)境中分泌抗生素。這些物質(zhì)能夠殺死或抑制同樣占據(jù)該區(qū)域的各種細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng),從而消除或減少對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(eliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients)?!?,從中可知,一些生物產(chǎn)生抗生素是為了消除或減少其他生物對(duì)自身營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)防人類疾病”、B選項(xiàng)“有助消化”和D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造新的營(yíng)養(yǎng)類型”沒(méi)有提到,無(wú)中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.34.根據(jù)這篇文章,在基因不相容的生物體之間移植組織將導(dǎo)致移植的組織______。

A.becomingaparasiteA.成為寄生蟲(chóng)

B.beingtreatedasaninvaderB.被視為入侵者

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeupC.改變其基因組成

D.developinganewimmunesystemD.發(fā)展出新的免疫系統(tǒng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第三段最后一句,文章對(duì)此有描述:“事實(shí)上,在整個(gè)動(dòng)物界,從海綿動(dòng)物到某些種類的蠕蟲(chóng)、貝類和所有的脊椎動(dòng)物,只有來(lái)自基因相容或親緣關(guān)系密切的個(gè)體的細(xì)胞或組織碎片移植到動(dòng)物體內(nèi),才會(huì)被接受”,從中可知在基因不相容的生物體之間移植組織將導(dǎo)致移植的組織不被接受;而該段前面提到“動(dòng)物王國(guó)的成員已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了對(duì)付寄生蟲(chóng)的各種防御機(jī)制。盡管這些機(jī)制差別很大,但所有主要的動(dòng)物群體都能夠檢測(cè)到外來(lái)細(xì)胞的存在并做出反應(yīng)。”,綜合理解可推斷,不相容的組織會(huì)被認(rèn)為是外來(lái)入侵細(xì)胞,使得生物體對(duì)該組織做出防御機(jī)制。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“成為寄生蟲(chóng)”表述錯(cuò)誤,不是成為寄生蟲(chóng),而是會(huì)被生物體視為寄生蟲(chóng)一樣的外來(lái)組織,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“改變其基因組成”和D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展出新的免疫系統(tǒng)”沒(méi)提到,無(wú)中生有。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.35.根據(jù)這篇文章,區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力使脊椎動(dòng)物能夠______。

A.accepttransplantedcellsA.接受移植的細(xì)胞

B.detectandreacttoinvasionB.檢測(cè)并應(yīng)對(duì)入侵

C.weakentheirimmunesystemC.削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)

D.getridofantibioticsD.擺脫抗生素

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段的內(nèi)容:區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力,雖然存在于所有動(dòng)物中,但在脊椎動(dòng)物中是非常有效的,它們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一種免疫系統(tǒng)作為它們的防御機(jī)制(developedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism)。免疫系統(tǒng)會(huì)識(shí)別被視為外來(lái)細(xì)胞的移植組織和外來(lái)入侵者并采取行動(dòng)(recognizesandtakesaction)。從中可知,區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力能夠使脊椎動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生一種免疫系統(tǒng),而這種免疫系統(tǒng)能夠識(shí)別并對(duì)入侵者采取防御措施。這與B項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)并應(yīng)對(duì)入侵”意思相一致,故B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“接受移植的細(xì)胞”與原文相反,免疫系統(tǒng)先會(huì)對(duì)移植組織進(jìn)行識(shí)別,該項(xiàng)反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“削弱他們的免疫系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“擺脫抗生素”沒(méi)提到,無(wú)中生有。

3.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare()(均衡的飲食對(duì)健康是必不可少的)。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which()(把美觀和功能完美地結(jié)合起來(lái))。

3.我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。

4.認(rèn)識(shí)落后,才能改變落后。學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn),才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。

5.一個(gè)不怕困難、百折不撓、堅(jiān)持到底的科學(xué)工作者一定會(huì)在科研工作中取得光輝的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

4.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor(1)toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful(2)ontheeconomyinatleastfourways.

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem(3)theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand,(4)ofmosthighwaysisthe(5)oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily(6)forbycountryorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation(7)arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate(8)inmanyways,forthe(9)ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest(10)ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda(11),suchasintelephoneorelectricservice.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable(12)butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices(13),sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis(14)toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof(15)infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by(16)taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcreditTheycanalso(17)theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto(18)andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs(19)certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto(20)betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Inquiteadifferentarea,governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystemtohelptheunemployedandretirees.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.responsibility.

C.conductivity

D.consequence

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】(1)邏輯分析。文章開(kāi)頭第一句就講到消費(fèi)者與生產(chǎn)者會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響,由此可以推出文章接下來(lái)要講另一個(gè)影響因素,只有D選項(xiàng)element(要素)符合題意。

(2)名詞辨析。powerfuleffect:強(qiáng)大的影響力。故選擇C。

(3)動(dòng)詞辨析。此處為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾federalsystem。郵政系統(tǒng)屬于服務(wù)行業(yè),故選擇B。

(4)名詞辨析。此處為and連接construction和空格,因此此處應(yīng)該填與construction并列的名詞。高速公路除了建設(shè),還需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行保養(yǎng),才保證正常使用。故選擇D:保養(yǎng)、維護(hù)。

(5)名詞辨析。高速公路建設(shè)與保養(yǎng)問(wèn)題,涉及一個(gè)各個(gè)州歸屬與責(zé)任的問(wèn)題。由此可知選B:責(zé)任。

(6)動(dòng)詞辨析。thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment:公共教育系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)的資金由聯(lián)邦政府提供。由此推測(cè)接下來(lái)繼續(xù)談?wù)撡M(fèi)用的支付問(wèn)題。故選擇C:支付。

(7)固定搭配。service:局、部。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitationservices:警察局、消防部門、衛(wèi)生局。

(8)名詞辨析。句意:政府在許多方面監(jiān)管和控制私營(yíng)企業(yè)。故選D:企業(yè)。

(9)名詞辨析。句意:政府實(shí)施對(duì)企業(yè)的管理是為了達(dá)到某一目的,故選擇B:目的,企圖。

(10)名詞辨析。句意:政府指導(dǎo)企業(yè)的發(fā)展,讓企業(yè)在盈利的同時(shí),也需要滿足全社會(huì)的利益,故選擇B:利益。

(11)名詞辨析。句意:在私營(yíng)企業(yè)被壟斷的地區(qū),監(jiān)管調(diào)控是必要的。故得知選擇A:壟斷。

(12)邏輯分析。企業(yè)要生存就必須盈利,故選擇D:利潤(rùn)。proximity:接近,鄰近。blend:混合。breast:胸懷,乳房。

(13)副詞辨析。企業(yè)為了賺得更多的利潤(rùn),會(huì)打價(jià)格戰(zhàn),會(huì)惡意提高價(jià)格,故選擇B:不公平地。fairly:公平地。friendly:友好的。unnecessarily:不必要地。

(14)動(dòng)詞辨析。control:此處理解為調(diào)控,而這一行為是需要實(shí)施,故選擇A:運(yùn)用,實(shí)施。broaden:擴(kuò)大,變寬。bankmpt:破產(chǎn)。exemplify:例證,例示。

(15)名詞辨析。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood:食品藥品管理局禁止生產(chǎn)有害藥品,提出食品加工的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),由此可知選擇C:質(zhì)量。faculty:科,系。quantity:量,數(shù)量。fragment:碎片,片段。

(16)動(dòng)詞辨析。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...:調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱和過(guò)度衰退,抑制通貨膨脹。要解決這些問(wèn)題需要采用一些經(jīng)濟(jì)手段,如:調(diào)整稅率,貨幣發(fā)行量(themoneysupply),故選擇D:調(diào)整。applaud:贊同,鼓掌。assess:評(píng)定,估計(jì)。ascend:上升,攀登。

(17)動(dòng)詞辨析。運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)手段(調(diào)整稅率、貨幣發(fā)行量),會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生一定影響,故選擇A:影響。accommodate:適應(yīng),調(diào)解。adhere:堅(jiān)持。affirm:肯定,斷言。

(18)語(yǔ)義連接。individual:個(gè)人,政府要保證個(gè)體利益也需要照顧全局,由此可以得知選擇B:企業(yè)。beverage:飲料。bondage:束縛,奴役。botany:植物學(xué)。

(19)動(dòng)詞辨析。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;為了企業(yè)的更好的發(fā)展,可以允許減免某些企業(yè)的稅收,故選擇B:允許。perplex:困惑,為難。perturb:擾亂。plunder:搶奪,搶劫。

(20)動(dòng)詞辨析。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods:美國(guó)產(chǎn)品、外國(guó)產(chǎn)品,可得知國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品與外國(guó)產(chǎn)品為了爭(zhēng)得市場(chǎng),必然存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng),故選擇D:競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。compensate:補(bǔ)償、賠償。confront:面對(duì),遭遇。console:安慰。

5.單選題

Anewdegreeofintellectualpowerseemscheapatanyprice.Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws.Andthehumanracehaswiselysignifiedtheirsenseofthis,bycallingwealth,means-'Man'beingtheend.Languageisalwayswise.

ThereforeIpraiseNewEnglandbecauseitistheplaceintheworldwhereisthefreestexpenditureforeducation.Wehavealreadytaken,attheplantingoftheColonies,theinitialstep,whichforitsimportancemighthavebeenresistedasthemostradicalofrevolutions,thusdecidingatthestartthedestinyofthiscountry-this,namely,thatthepoorman,whomthelawdoesnotallowtotakeanearofcornwhenstarving,norapairofshoesforhisfreezingfeet,isallowedtoputhishandintothepocketoftherich,andsay,"Youshalleducateme,notasyouwill,butasIwill:notaloneintheelements,but,byfurtherprovision,inthelanguages,insciences,intheusefulandinelegantarts.ThechildshallbetakenupbytheState,andtaught,atthepubliccost,therudimentsofknowledge,and,atlast,theripestresultsofartandscience".

Humanlyspeaking,theschool,thecollege,society,makethedifferencebetweenmen.AllthefairytalesofAladdinortheinvisibleGygesorthetalismanthatopenskings'palacesortheenchantedhallsundergroundorinthesea,areanyfictionstoindicatetheonemiracleofintellectualenlargement.Whenamanstupidbecomesamaninspired,whenoneandthesamemanpassesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate,leavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought—upanddown,around,alllimitsdisappear.Nohorizonshutsdown.Heseesthingsintheircauses,allfactsintheirconnection.

Oneoftheproblemsofhistoryisthebeginningofcivilization.Theanimalsthataccompanyandservemanmakenoprogressasraces.Thosecalleddomesticarecapableoflearningofmanafewtricksofutilityoramusement,buttheycannotcommunicatetheskilltotheirrace.Eachindividualmustbetaughtanew.Thetraineddogcannottrainanotherdog.AndManhimselfinmanyfacesretainsalmosttheunteachablenessofthebeast.Forathousandyearstheislandsandforestsofagreatpartoftheworldhavebeenledwithsavageswhomadenostepsofadvanceinartorskillbeyondthenecessityofbeingfedandwarmed.Certainnationswithabetterbrainandusuallyinmoretemperateclimateshavemadesuchprogressastocomparewiththeseasthesecomparewiththebearandthewolf.

Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman.Ofcourse,untilitisaccomplished,itisthewarandinsultofthingsoverhim.Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.Enamoredoftheirbeauty,comfortedbytheirconvenience,heseeksthemasends,andfastlosessightofthefactthattheyhaveworsethannovalues,thattheybecomenoxious,whenhebecomestheirslave.

Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties,thiscravingbody,whoseorgansaskalltheelementsandallthefunctionsofNaturefortheirsatisfaction,educatethewondrouscreaturewhichtheysatisfywithlight,withheat,withwater,withwood,withbread,withwool.Thenecessitiesimposedbyhismostirritableandall-relatedtexturehavetaughtManhunting,pasturage,agriculture,commerce,weaving,joining,masonry,geometry,astronomy.Hereisaworldpiercedandbeltedwithnaturallaws,andfencedandplantedwithcivilpartitionsandproperties,whichallputnewrestraintsontheyounginhabitant.Hetoomustcomeintothismagiccircleofrelations,andknowhealthandsickness,thefearofinjury,thedesireofexternalgood,thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.Thehouseholdisaschoolofpower.There,withinthedoor,learnthetragicomedyofhumanlife.Hereisthesincerething,thewondrouscompositionforwhichdayandnightgoround.Inthatroutinearethesacredrelations,thepassionsthatbindandsever.Hereispovertyandallthewisdomitshatednecessitiescanteach,herelabordrudges,hereaffectionsglow,herethesecretsofcharacteraretold,theguardsofman,theguardsofwoman,thecompensationswhich,likeangelsofjustice,payeverydebt:theopiumofcustom,whereofalldrinkandmanygomad.HereisEconomy,andGlee,andHospitality,andCeremony,andFrankness,andCalamity,andDeath,andHope.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatdoestheword“torpid”meaninparagraph3?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

4.Whatdoesthesentence“Victoryoverthingsistheofficeofman”mean?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanassumethattheauthorbelievesthat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepowerofhumancivilization.

B.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnature.

C.Manlearningthelawsofsociety.

D.Theeducationempowermentofman.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Slow.

B.Stagnant.

C.Confused.

D.Excitable.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Arangeofexperiencescanbefoundinone'sownhome.

B.Notalllifelessonsrequireateacherorclassroom.

C.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

D.Humanendeavorissubjecttothelawsofnature.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manisdrivenbyambitionanddesire.

B.Manbelieveshimselfsuperiortothenaturalworld.

C.Itisthedutyofmantoworktotheend.

D.Victorycanbeprecarious.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.mandoeshisbesttomeethisneeds

B.thefutureofcivilizationrestsonman'slearningaboutnaturallaws

C.manhasgreatpotentialwithinhim

D.manisresponsibleforhisowndestruction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,第一段提出“Theuseoftheworldisthatmanmaylearnitslaws”,在接下來(lái)的段落提到了人與教育之間的關(guān)系,在最后兩段作者主要強(qiáng)調(diào)人類的教育賦權(quán),即本文的主題,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:2.詞義判斷題。根據(jù)原文“passesoutofthetorpidintotheperceivingstate”從“torpid”的狀態(tài)進(jìn)入到感知的狀態(tài),再根據(jù)下文“l(fā)eavesthedinoftrifles,thestuporofthesenses,toenterintothequasi-omniscienceofhighthought...”留下瑣事的喧囂,麻木的感官,進(jìn)入到類似全知的高度思維狀態(tài)······由此可推測(cè),“torpid”的狀態(tài)和瑣事喧囂,麻木的感官是相對(duì)應(yīng)的,所以“torpid”意為遲鈍的,不活潑的,選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thisapparatusofwantsandfaculties…withbread,withwool.”可知,并不是所有的人生課程都需要老師或教室,大自然同樣也能教育人類。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“Hiscontinualtendency,hisgreatdanger,istooverlookthefactthattheworldisonlyhisteacher,andthenatureofsunandmoon,plantandanimalonlymeansofarousinghisinterioractivity.”他(人類)持續(xù)的傾向以及巨大的危險(xiǎn),是忽視了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):世界只是他的老師,太陽(yáng)和月亮,植物和動(dòng)物的本質(zhì)只是激發(fā)人類內(nèi)心活動(dòng)的手段。由此可推斷,人類喜歡戰(zhàn)勝一切是由于野心和欲望的驅(qū)使。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三四句“Hereisaworldpiercedandbelted...thecharmofriches,thecharmofpower.”這是一個(gè)被自然法則束縛的世界,安置著民用隔墻和財(cái)產(chǎn)并用圍欄圍著,所有這些都對(duì)年輕的居民施加了新的限制。他也必須進(jìn)入這個(gè)神奇的關(guān)系圈,了解健康和疾病,對(duì)傷害的恐懼,對(duì)外在美好的渴望,以及財(cái)富和權(quán)力的魅力。也就是說(shuō),人們應(yīng)該要學(xué)習(xí)自然法則,因?yàn)槲拿鞯奈磥?lái)取決于人類對(duì)自然規(guī)律的了解。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

6.單選題

Itwas__________tocontinuethenegotiationsincebothsideslackthesincerity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fertile

B.futile

C.fugitive

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。fertile“多產(chǎn)的,富饒的”;futile“無(wú)效的,無(wú)用的”;fugitive“逃亡的,無(wú)常的”;fussy“大驚小怪的,愛(ài)挑剔的”。句意:因?yàn)殡p方都缺少真誠(chéng),繼續(xù)談判是無(wú)效的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegeorevenhigherdegrees,______occupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sotoothereare

B.soalsothereare

C.sotherearetoo

D.sotooarethere

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是“justas…so”句型和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),“justas…so”的意思為“正好和……一樣”。so在本句中表達(dá)“也,同樣”的含義,連接并列句。too如果在句子中提前,則要求后面的主謂形成部分倒裝,所以A,C均不成立;so和also語(yǔ)義重復(fù),因此B選項(xiàng)排除。因此D為正確答案。

8.單選題

SanFranciscoclimbsandfallsovernumeroushills,whichprovide(

)viewsofthewidebayandtheGoldenGateBridge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flashy

B.transient

C.breathtaking

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。flashy“閃光的,瞬間的”;transient“短暫的”;breathtaking“驚人的,驚險(xiǎn)的,令人激動(dòng)的”;ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意:舊金山位于高低起伏的小山上,能讓人們看到令人激動(dòng)的大灣以及金門橋。由climbsandfallsovernumeroushills以及空格后的widebay“寬闊海灣”可知海灣和金門橋的景象是令人激動(dòng)的。答案C

9.單選題

Thestudentswholiketoabsentthemselvesfromclasseswillsoonerorlaterreceiveseverityoftheschoolregulations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vindication

B.concurrence

C.deference

D.rigor

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.vindication辯護(hù),證明無(wú)罪B.concurrence同時(shí)發(fā)生;贊同,合作

C.deference順從,尊重D.rigor嚴(yán)格,嚴(yán)苛

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“喜歡逃課的學(xué)生遲早要受到校規(guī)的懲罰”可知,劃線單詞severity表示“嚴(yán)重,嚴(yán)格,嚴(yán)重程度”,因此只有D選項(xiàng)含義最為接近。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)與劃線單詞意思不符合。

【句意】喜歡逃課的學(xué)生遲早要受到校規(guī)的嚴(yán)厲懲罰。

10.翻譯題

Thedimensionsoftourismareastonishing.In2012,theU.N.tourismorganizationcelebratedreaching1billioninternationaltripsinasingleyear.Ingrosseconomicpoweritisinthesamecompanyasoil,energy,financeandagriculture.Atleastoneoutofeverytenpeoplearoundtheworldisemployedbytheindustry,accordingtoWolfgangWeinzoftheInternationalLabourOrganization.

Travelhasalsobecomeadefaultfund-raisingtechnique.(1)Todaypoornationsseetourismastheirbestbetoutofpoverty,secondonlytooilandenergyasthemajorengineofdevelopment.Thailandistheworld’sbiggestexporterofrice,yetitstourismisitsnum-ber-onemoneyearner.CostaRicahasturneditswildernessintoavenueforhighlyprofita-bleecotcurism.AssoonasSriLanka,andnowBurma,beganseeinganendtoconflict,theyopenedthedoortoarushoftourists.AftertheArabSpringuprising,Egyptsentoutapleatocruisecompaniesandtouroperatorstoreturnandkick-starttheeconomy

(2)TheU.N.tourismorganizationnowplacespovertyreductionasoneofitstopob-jectives,alongwiththehigh-mindedidealsofimprovinginternationalpeaceandprosperi-ty.SincetheendoftheColdWarandtheopeningoftheworldfortravel,tourismhasbe-comeanimportantsourceofforeignexchangefortheworld’spoorestnations,oftentheonlyone.Whiletourismrequiressomeinfrastructure,fromairfieldstomodernhigh-ways.Itislessexpensivethanbuildingfactories.Intheory,poorcountriesshouldbeabletousethenewrevenuefromthetourismindustrytopayfortheinfrastructurewhileraisingstandardsoflivingandimprovingtheenvironment.Onehundredoftheworld’spoorestna-tionsdoearnupto5percentoftheirgrossnationalproductfromforeigntouristswhomar-velattheirexoticcustoms,buysuitcasesofsouvenirsandtakeinnumerablephotographsofstunninglandscapes.

(3)Butjustastourismiscapableofliftinganationoutofpoverty,itisjustaslikelytopollutetheenvironment,reducestandardsoflivingforthepoorbecausetheprofitsgotointernationalhotelchainsandcorruptlocalelites,andcatertotheworstoftourism,in-cludingcondemningchildrentheexploitationofsextourism.Likeanymajorindustry,tourismhasaseriousdownside,especiallysincetourismandtravelisunderestimatedasaglobalpowerhouse,itsstudyandregulationisspottyatbest.(4)Tourism

isoneofthosedouble-edgedswordsthatmaylooklikeaneasywaytoearndesperatelyneededmoneybutcanravagewildernessareasandunderminenativeculturestofitintopackagetours:afifteen-minutesnippetofaballetperformedinSouthernIndia;nativehandicraftsrefashionedtofitoversizetour-ists.Whatisknownisthattourismandtravelisresponsiblefor5.3percentoftheworld’scarbonemissionsandthedegradationofnearlyeverytropicalbeachintheworld.

Tomakewayformoreresortswithspectacularviews,developersdestroynativehabi-tatsandignorelocalconcerns.(5)Preservationistsdecrythegrowingpropensitytobulldozeoldhotelsandbuildingsinfavorofconstructingnewresorts,waterholesandentertain-mentspotsthatlookidenticalwhetherinSingapore,DubaiorJohannesburg,aworldwherediversityisreplacedwithhomogeneity.Anothercatastropheforcountriesbettingontourismhascomefromwealthyvacationerswhofallinlovewithacountryandbuysomanysecondhousesthatlocalscannolongeraffordtoliveintheirowntownsandvillages.

【答案】(1)現(xiàn)今的貧窮國(guó)家將旅游業(yè)視為擺脫貧困的最佳方法,僅次于石油和能源這兩個(gè)重要的發(fā)展引擎。

(2)聯(lián)合國(guó)旅游組織現(xiàn)在將扶貧和增進(jìn)國(guó)際和平與繁榮的高尚理想一起作為其首要目標(biāo)之一。

(3)但是,正如旅游業(yè)能幫助一個(gè)國(guó)家擺脫貧困,它同樣有可能污染環(huán)境、降低貧困人群的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是旅游業(yè)的收益都流向了國(guó)際連鎖酒店,并使當(dāng)?shù)氐恼茩?quán)人物腐化墮落。

(4)旅游業(yè)是眾多雙刃劍之一。旅游業(yè)看起來(lái)像是一種賺取急用錢的簡(jiǎn)單方法,但它也能破壞野生地區(qū),弱化本土文化以適應(yīng)旅游團(tuán)體。

(5)為了建造新的度假勝地、酒吧和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所,老酒店和老建筑都被推倒。無(wú)論是在新加坡、迪拜或約翰內(nèi)斯堡,這些新建的景區(qū)、建筑看起來(lái)都完全一樣。保護(hù)主義者對(duì)這種日益嚴(yán)重的趨勢(shì)加以譴責(zé)。

11.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句,forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,在這個(gè)從句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定語(yǔ),展開(kāi)后半截應(yīng)該是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge,是主句中的we主動(dòng)的發(fā)出base這個(gè)動(dòng)作,所以不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),排除A,D選項(xiàng);動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要加上which完善結(jié)構(gòu)(但是并非從句)且和base這個(gè)動(dòng)作搭配的介詞upon需要放在which之前,排除B選項(xiàng)。句意:沒(méi)有事實(shí),我們就不能形成有價(jià)值的觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槲覀冃枰聦?shí)知識(shí)來(lái)作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto(

)farming.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goinfor

B.gothroughwith

C.gobackon

D.goalongwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。goinfor意為“從事,喜歡”;gothroughwith意為“完成,把……進(jìn)行到底”;gobackon意為“違背,背棄”;goalongwith意為“贊同,接受,服從”。

句意:大衛(wèi)喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活,并決定從事耕作。

13.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.retains保持B.gains獲得

C.achieves達(dá)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得;取得

【考察點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations做habitualways的后置定語(yǔ)。句意為獲得對(duì)各種情況作出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。這里與habitualways相符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)retain在這里不符合句子邏輯;

B選項(xiàng)gain指獲得,贏得,經(jīng)過(guò)努力或奮斗獲得某種利益;

C選項(xiàng)achieve得到,獲得,多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。

以上選項(xiàng)均不能和habitualways搭配。

【句意】正是通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),個(gè)人獲得了對(duì)各種情況作出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。

14.填空題

Hediscoveredfromthetimetablethatthetrainwas(1)intwentyminutes.Edgarsettledhimselfintoacorner,worriedin(2)

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