考研考博-英語-山西工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep（）of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orders

B.rules

C.patterns

D.characters

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orders“順序；命令”；B選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則”；C選項(xiàng)patterns“模式”；D選項(xiàng)characters“特征”。句意：這項(xiàng)研究包括監(jiān)測100名45歲至80歲精神健康的人的睡眠（）。根據(jù)語境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻譯為：在追求精確性過程中，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘，它依賴于各種振動的原子或分子，以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知，B選項(xiàng)符合題意，科學(xué)家們希望原子鐘更加準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻譯為：這個原子鐘的中心是一個銫原子，當(dāng)加熱到沸水的溫度時，它每秒振動92億次。因此，A項(xiàng)“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻譯為：在以每小時18000英里的速度運(yùn)行的軌道衛(wèi)星中，時鐘可以將其時間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站，并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進(jìn)行比較。可以推測出C選項(xiàng)“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻譯為：這是可能的，因?yàn)槊糠N原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻譯為：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次?？梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“振動”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計時精確度、特性和相關(guān)原理，以及它在天文領(lǐng)域的一些應(yīng)用。推測出A選項(xiàng)“和平時期原子的使用”正確。

3.翻譯題

TheEnglishmanhasbeencalledapoliticalanimal,andhevalueswhatispoliticalandpracticalsomuchthatideaseasilybecomeobjectsofdislikeinhiseyes,andthinkers,miscreants,becausepracticeiseverything,afreeplayofthemindisnothing.Thenotionofthefreeplayofminduponallsubjectsbeingapleasureinitself,beinganobjectofdesire,beinganessentialproviderofelementswithoutwhichanation’sspirit,whatevercompensationsitmayhaveforthem,mustinthelongrun,dieofemptiness,hardlyentersintoanEnglishman’sthoughts.Itisnoticeablethatthewordcuriosity,whichinotherlanguagesisusedinagoodsense,tomean,asahighandfinequalityofman’snature,justthisdisinterestedloveofaplayofthemindonallsubjects,foritsownsake—itisnoticeable,Isay,thatthiswordhasinourlanguagenosenseofthekind,nosensebutaratherbadanddisparagingone.Butcriticism,realcriticism,isessentiallytheexerciseofthisveryquality.

Itobeysaninstinctpromptingittotrytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,irrespectivelyofpractice,politics,andeverythingofthekind;andtovalueknowledgeandthoughtastheyapproachthisbest,withouttheintrusionofanyotherconsiderationswhatsoever.Thisisaninstinctforwhichthereis,Ithink,littleoriginalsympathyinthepracticalEnglishnature,andwhattherewasofithasundergonealongbenumbingperiodofblightandsuppressionintheepochofRomanticism.

ItisofthelastimportancethatEnglishcriticismshouldclearlydiscernwhatruleofitscourse,inordertoavailitselfofthefieldnowopeningtoit,andtoproducefruitforthefuture,itoughttotake,whichmaybesummedupinoneword—disinterestedness.Andhowiscriticismtoshowdisinterestedness?Bykeepingalooffromwhatiscalled“thepracticalviewofthings”;byresolutelyfollowingthelawofitsownnature,whichistobeafreeplayofthemindonallsubjectsittouches.Bysteadilyrefusingtolenditselftoanyofthoseconcealed,political,practicalconsiderationsaboutideas,whichplentyofpeoplewillbesuretoattachtothem,butwhichcriticismhasnothingtodowith.Itsbusinessis,asIhavesaid,simplytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,andbyinitsturnmakingthisknown,tocreateacurrentoftrueandfreshideas.Itsbusinessistodothiswithinflexiblehonesty,withdueability;butitsbusinessistodonomore.

【答案】對所有事物的自由思考本身就是一種樂趣,一種愿望,為民族精神提供了賴以生存的重要因素,不管其他什么樣的補(bǔ)償,一個國家的民族精神終究會由于空洞而消逝。但這種認(rèn)識很難進(jìn)入英國人的思想。

好奇心遵循一種本能,促使它不考慮實(shí)踐、政治和所有類似的事物,汲取世界上知識和思想的精華;并且促使它在這個過程中不受任何其他考慮的侵?jǐn)_,珍視知識和思想。

至關(guān)重要的是,英國的批評界若想利用向它敞開的領(lǐng)域,若想在將來有所收獲,必須清楚應(yīng)該為自己的發(fā)展道路選擇什么樣的原則。這種原則可以用“客觀”一詞加以概括。

4.填空題

Anearlierattempt(1)blunting,whichmadeitillegalto(2)American-madecomponentstoHuawei,includingadvancedcomputerchips(3)whichtheChinesefirmrelies,wasnottheknock-outblowtheWhite(4)hopedittobe.ChipmakerswereabletokeepshippingHuaweisemiconductorsfromfactoriesoutsideAmerica.SoonMay15ththeTrumpadministrationextendeditsrestrictionsfromchipstothetoolsusedtomakethem—manyofwhichcomefromAmerica.So(5)asbigmicroprocessorproducers,likeTaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingCompany,useAmerican-madeequipment,theywillnolongerbeabletoforgeHuawei-designedchipsanywhereintheworld.

【答案】1.at

2.sell

3.on

4.House

5.long

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。Attemptat表示“企圖，努力；嘗試”，這里句意為：早先美國試圖…。

2.考查上下文語義。句意：在之前，美國將出售美國制造的組件（包括中國公司依賴的高端電腦芯片）給華為的行為定義為非法行為，但這次嘗試并沒有達(dá)到白宮預(yù)期的效果。

3.語法題。此空所在句是一個定語從句，先行詞是advancedcomputerchips（高端電腦芯片），后面的定語從句中，應(yīng)該是介詞on與rely構(gòu)成搭配，表示“依賴”。

4.考查上下文語義。本段講的是關(guān)于美國限制向華為出售高端電腦芯片組件的行為，因此此處應(yīng)該填House,表示“白宮”。

5.考查固定搭配。Solongas表示“只要”。此處句意為：只要諸如像臺積電（TSMC）之類的大型半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)商，使用美國制造的工具，他們就不能在世界任何地方制造華為定制芯片。

5.單選題

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯)andgettheresttheyneed.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?

4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.

B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.

C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.

D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.

B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.

C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.

D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.

D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.

D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.（那些每天睡眠時間超過8小時但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的可能性是正常人的近三倍，這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。），可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因?yàn)榛加屑膊?，D選項(xiàng)“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確；這里沒有說到中風(fēng)和睡眠的關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)“中風(fēng)常與睡眠有關(guān)”錯誤；這里沒有說到睡眠過多的危害，B選項(xiàng)“睡眠過多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯誤；文中沒有說到睡眠少就容易生病，C選項(xiàng)“每天睡眠少于8小時的人更容易生病”錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題，然后對醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑，最后一句說Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.（奇怪的是，那些認(rèn)為在酒精影響下進(jìn)行手術(shù)就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下進(jìn)行手術(shù)往往毫不猶豫。），可知作者認(rèn)為睡眠不足和醉酒沒什么兩樣，D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確；沒有提到醫(yī)生對自己睡眠不足這個情況的態(tài)度，A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問題”錯誤；醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術(shù)，而睡眠不足如同醉酒，所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠，B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠來保持精力充沛”錯誤。這一段主要在表達(dá)醫(yī)生睡眠不足會影響服務(wù)質(zhì)量，并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪，不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件，也不是表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對醫(yī)生的影響，比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.（我真的是站著睡著了，臉差點(diǎn)被埋在傷口里。）和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.（幾乎我認(rèn)識的每個外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了……我知道有三個人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。），最后總結(jié)說“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.（“你自己的病人變成了你的敵人?！钡谌齻€人寫道，因?yàn)樗麄兪恰白璧K你睡好幾個小時的唯一因素”。），表達(dá)醫(yī)生因?yàn)槁殬I(yè)的關(guān)系缺乏睡眠，在這里作者用大量篇幅舉例來闡述醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠的危險，B選項(xiàng)“舉例說明缺乏睡眠給醫(yī)生帶來的危險”正確；這里只是表達(dá)因?yàn)橐尾?，醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠，A選項(xiàng)“顯示醫(yī)生對病人的敵意”錯誤；娛樂讀者不是主要目的，而是舉例表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“用一些軼事來娛樂讀者”錯誤；D選項(xiàng)“討論醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)睡眠問題的原因”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.（它的關(guān)鍵條款模仿了紐約州的規(guī)定，包括每周80小時的工作時間和24小時的輪班限制。然而，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生抵制這種干預(yù)。），可知醫(yī)生不贊同法案中對醫(yī)生工作時間如此具體和死板的規(guī)定，認(rèn)為睡眠的時間段不是能夠用法律規(guī)定的，不想連睡眠都要受法律束縛，D選項(xiàng)“政府干擾過多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于工作周和輪班的規(guī)定太具體了”和B選項(xiàng)“法律不能讓醫(yī)生睡覺，但是他的意識可以”：不是表達(dá)的主要意思。C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該遵守政府的規(guī)定”：文中沒有這樣的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown…Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.（在美國，飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時間都有嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生制定這樣一套規(guī)定，否則病人只能聽天由命……就醫(yī)生而言，他們必須放棄一貫不出錯的姿態(tài)，而得到他們需要的休息。），可知醫(yī)生需要充足的休息來保證工作任務(wù)的質(zhì)量，A選項(xiàng)“如果醫(yī)生沒有得到充分的休息，病人將面臨更多危險”正確；這里說的是飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時間問題，而不是工作的安全性，C選項(xiàng)“飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作環(huán)境比醫(yī)生更安全”錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)人員有權(quán)解除其醫(yī)生的職務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“病人可以選擇醫(yī)生的睡眠時間”文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Manyyearsagopeoplethoughttheearthwasflat.Theybelievedthatthesky（）abigup-side-downbowlandthatthesun,moon,andstarswerelampshangingfromthetopofthebowl.Later,people（）better.Theyfoundoutthattheearth（）round.

Wecallthestudyoftheskiesandtheplanetsastronomy,（）wecallthewatchersoftheskiesastronomer.EarlyastronomersthoughttheearthwasthecenterofTheythoughttheheavensspun（）theearth.Later,theychangedtheir（）Theyknewtheearthwasnotthecenter.Theybelievedthattheearthandthe（）planetsspinaroundthesun.Todayweknowthisistrue.

Ancientscientistsstudiedtheskies（）simpleinstruments.Thefirstperson（）atele-scopewasnamedGalileo.In1610（）fourmoonsaroundtheplanetJupiter.Today（）usemorecomplexequipment.Someofthesemeasurethebrightnessoflight.（）breaklightsupintodifferentcolors.Radiotelescopesmakestarsandplanets（）farcloserthanGalileo’stelescopecould.Earlyastronomers（）fiveplanetsinthesky.BesidesEarth,theyknewaboutmercury,Ve-nus,Mars,Jupiter,andSaturn.In1781aseventhonewasdiscoveredandnamedUranus.Yearslat-er,astronomersfoundanotherplanetandcalleditNeptune.TheninthplanettobefoundiscalledPluto.Itwasnot（）until1930.

Todayscientistscan（）almostanywhere.Theyhavereachedtheheavenswiththeirspace-craft.In1959,aspacecraft（）tookpicturesofthedarksideofthemoon.TheyearslateraspacecraftlandedtwoAmericansonthemoon.Otherimportantjourneysintospace（）.Whoknows?Maybe（）humanbeingswillliveonanotherplanet.Maybeyouwillbeoneofthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.hadbeen

D.were

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.spoke

B.told

C.knew

D.swore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.is

D.were

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.yet

D.still

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.nothing

C.something

D.everything

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.round

C.about

D.along

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.jobs

B.minds

C.suggestion

D.advice

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.other

B.another

C.rest

D.remained

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.on

C.with

D.within

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.touse

B.used

C.uses

D.ofusing

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.invented

B.created

C.saw

D.discovered

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.musicians

B.carpenters

C.astronomers

D.scholars

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Theothers

B.Others

C.Another

D.Theother

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.look

B.looking

C.tolook

D.looks

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.couldhaveseen

B.couldsee

C.hadseen

D.saw

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.trapped

B.served

C.discovered

D.settled

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.run

B.explore

C.play

D.relax

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.first

B.firstly

C.forthefirst

D.firstofall

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.followed

B.hadfollowed

C.werefollowing

D.follow

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.someday

B.someday

C.somedays

D.somedays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】1.語法分析。謂語動詞believed為一般過去式，主語thesky為第三人稱單數(shù)，因此選B。

2.詞義辨析。句意：人們得更多。knew知道、了解，符合句意。

3.語法分析。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地球是圓的。屬于客觀事實(shí)，謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選C。

4.邏輯關(guān)系。句意：我們將對天空和星球的研究稱為天文學(xué)，我們將星空觀察者稱為天文學(xué)家。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，故選A。

5.詞義辨析。句意：早期的天文學(xué)家認(rèn)為地球是宇宙萬物的中心。D項(xiàng)everything意為“所有事物”,符合句意。

6.固定搭配。此處句意為：他們認(rèn)為天堂圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)。spinaround為固定搭配意為“圍繞……旋轉(zhuǎn)”。

7.詞義辨析。此處句意應(yīng)為：他們改變了想法/認(rèn)知。jobs工作；minds想法；suggestion建議；advice建議。

8.詞義辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為地球和行星圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。other其他的；another另外一個；rest剩余的；remain剩下的。故選A。

9.介詞辨析。句意：古代科學(xué)家通過簡易工具研究天空。by憑借……工具或手段；on在……上面；with伴隨；within在……里面。故選A。

10.語法分析?？崭裉帒?yīng)為定語修飾主語。而動詞不定式和動名詞形式可以做定語。故A項(xiàng)為動詞不定式做定語正確。

11.詞義辨析。句意：1610年，在木星周圍了四顆衛(wèi)星。invented發(fā)明；created創(chuàng)造；saw看見；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。

12.詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)如今使用更精密的設(shè)備。C項(xiàng)astronomers（天文學(xué)家）正確。

13.關(guān)聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句someof（有些）推斷空格處應(yīng)為Theothers（其他的）。

14.語法分析。Make為使役動詞，后面跟動詞原形。故選A。

15.語法分析?？崭裉幨菍^去的一種推測：早期的天文學(xué)家可能已經(jīng)看到了天空中的五顆行星。因此用could表示推測。

16.詞義辨析。句意：直到1930年科學(xué)家才它。trapped誘捕、陷入困境；served招待、服務(wù)；discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；settled定居、解決。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家?guī)缀跄軌蛴钪娴娜魏蔚胤?。run運(yùn)行、跑；explore探索；play玩耍；relax放松。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.詞義辨析。句意：在1959年，一艘宇宙飛船首次拍到黑暗的月球上的照片。A項(xiàng)first意為“第一次”,而其他選項(xiàng)都表示“首先”，故選A。

19.語法分析。此句講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過去時。

20.詞義辨析。句意：或許總有一天，人們會居住到另外一個星球。因此A項(xiàng)someday（有一天）正確。

7.單選題

Toolmakersmusthavetheabilitytoworkvery（

）inordertomeetexactspecifications.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausibly

B.profoundly

C.precisely

D.primarily

【答案】C

【解析】plausibly似真地；profoundly深刻地，極度地；precisely精確地，恰好；primarily主要地，根本上。句意：工具制造者必須能非常精確地工作，以滿足準(zhǔn)確的規(guī)格要求。根據(jù)下文可知，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Pleasedon’t_______toomuchonthepainfulmemories.Everythingwillbeallright.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hesitate

B.finger

C.retain

D.dwell

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。hesitate“猶豫，躊躇”；finger“用手觸摸，撥弄”；retain“保持，記住”；dwell“凝思，居住”。句意：請不要過多細(xì)想痛苦的記憶，所有事都會好起來的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Thecruxoftheproblemis:youngpeople,beingatthestartoftheirowncareerandhavingtoexertthemselvestotheutmostallthetime,arealwaysunderthegreateststressandsevereststrain.Themiddle-agedpeople,ontheotherhand,havingaccomplishedwhatevertheyhave,mayrelievethemselvesoftheirload,andstarttoenjoyaquietandleisurelylifeunburdenedwithanyambitionsandawayfromthestormsoflife.Consequently,middle-agedpersonsquicklylapseintoindolence.Mostfamousworksthatappearedinthepastcenturies,includingthepresent,werewrittenbyauthorsaround30.WorkswithanycreativenessseldomcamefromthepenofChineseauthorsover40,exceptautobiographiesandnotesbywayofannotation.Butforwritersabroad,agedoesnotseemtoaffecttheirenergyorimaginationatall.Someliterarycelebritiesdidnotstarttheircareeruntilafter40.Becauseofvariousreasons,thelifespanofusChineseusedtobeveryshort.Hencetheoldsaying“man’slifefromoldhasrarelyreachedseventy.”Thereforethemiddle-ageperiodwasmuchearlier,andmenoflettersveryearlyintheirlivesbecame“old”andconservativepsychologically.

【答案】問題的核心是：年輕人正處于事業(yè)初創(chuàng)階段,必須時刻盡力發(fā)揮自己,由此其總是面臨莫大的壓力,受到的傷痛也極為嚴(yán)重。而中年人已經(jīng)取得他們所要的一切,可以卸下重負(fù),開始享受安靜、愜意的生活,這生活沒有任何雄心壯志,也遠(yuǎn)離生活的狂風(fēng)暴雨。結(jié)果,中年人很快就懶惰起來。自上世紀(jì)到目前的許多著名作品,其作者都在30歲左右。40歲以上的中國作家極少能寫出創(chuàng)意作品來,當(dāng)然有注解的自傳和說明除外。但對國外作家而言,年齡問題似乎絲毫不會影響其想象力。一些文學(xué)大家常常是到40歲之后才開始文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。

由于種種原因,過去中國人的壽命往往很短。由此產(chǎn)生了一句古話：“人生七十古來稀”。因此中年這一階段就大大提前了,而名人則很早就“變老”了,心理上也開始保守起來。

10.單選題

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查結(jié)果狀語從句中的倒裝用法。在“so/such…that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so和such連同它所修飾成分置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。主句需要倒裝；根據(jù)句子后面的結(jié)構(gòu)“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引導(dǎo)的主句，需要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：導(dǎo)游帶游客去奢侈品商店太頻繁，以至于許多游客向旅行社投訴。故正確答案選C。

11.單選題

Wehopethestudentswould（

）theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。associate意為“聯(lián)系”；understand意為“理解”；assimilate意為“吸收，消化”；assess意為“評定”。

句意：我們希望學(xué)生們能掌握講座中保護(hù)的信息。

12.翻譯題

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK,theBBC,ITVandChannel4haveallinvestedvastsumsofmoneyintechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavouriteshowsontheircomputers.

1.Butsomecritics,includingsomeinternetserviceproviders,havewarnedthattheinternetwillcollapseunderthestrainofmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogrammesatthesametime.

Overthenextfouryears,itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheinternetwillquadruple,withpeoplemovingfromshortclipstohour-longprogrammes.

2.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”,whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstosortout.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scaretactics”,sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothatthenetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitenmasse.

3.“Intheintervening30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes…We’refarfromexhaustingthecapacity”hesaid,“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【答案】1.但包括部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商在內(nèi)的批評人士警告說，如果幾百萬人在同一時間下載節(jié)目，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會因無法承受壓力而崩潰。

2.寬帶公司稱，這一服務(wù)會導(dǎo)致“網(wǎng)絡(luò)交通堵塞”，而“疏通”成本高達(dá)數(shù)百萬英鎊。

3.他說：“過去三十年中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的容量增加了一百萬倍……我們還遠(yuǎn)沒用盡這些容量?？吹酱罅啃畔⒃诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)間傳輸，有人產(chǎn)生這樣的擔(dān)憂是可以理解的?！?/p>

13.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(15points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

56.Incomparisonwithmilitary,politicalandeconomicsecurity,ecologicalsecurityhasawiderinfluenceonthecommonpeoplelivinginacountry.Onceitsecologicalenvironmentisdestroyed,thefuturesurvivalofthewholenation,especiallythepoorwillbehorriblyundermined,anditwillbeextremelydifficultforageneration,oreventensofgenerationstoreclaimtheenvironmentonceecologicaldeteriorationgoesbeyondacertainthreshold.AlthoughprotectionoftheenvironmenthaslongbeenamatterofbasicstatepolicyfortheChinesegovernment,itisaundeniablefactthat,onthewhole,effortstoimprovetheenvironmenthavelargelyfailedtomatchdestructiveforcesworkingagainstthem.

57.Thisbookderiversfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytospecialistsandafewgiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopherwhetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatisoffersintroductorystudentstheotherwiseopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.

58.What’sstrangeaboutmanisthathehasyettolearntosettledisputesbysomemeansotherthanwar.Notonlydoeswartakeaheavytolloflives,butleadstoincreasedtension.Theuseofsophisticatedweaponsisapttobringaboutdisasterstohumanhealthalthoughthereluctancetoeliminateweaponsofmassdestructiononthepartofthebigpowerswillnotnecessarilyendupwithconflicts.Thechancesarethatmanwillhavehisowncivilizationdestroyedifthenotionofthesurvivalofthefitteststillappliestotheinternationalcommunity.Wecannothelpwonderinghowmanyyearsitwilltakefortheworldtoeliminatewaronceforall.

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

59.擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。(5points)

60.近年來我國收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大已成為不爭的事實(shí)，收入分配的公平問題越來越受到公眾的高度關(guān)注。(5points)

61.實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為社會共識，但是，我國目前財政教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足，教育資源分配結(jié)構(gòu)也不合理，地區(qū)教育公共服務(wù)的提供依然存在較大的差異。(6points)

62.文化是某一特定人群所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和各種生活方式的總和。(4points)

【答案】SectionAEnglishtoChinese

56.一旦生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，整個國家，尤其是窮人將來的生存將會受到極大的損害，而且一旦生態(tài)惡化超過一定限度，那么一代人，甚至幾十代人要想重新修復(fù)環(huán)境都極為困難。盡管保護(hù)環(huán)境一直是中國政府制定的一項(xiàng)基本國策，然而一個不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是，總的來說，改善環(huán)境的種種努力很大程度上未能抵抗破壞環(huán)境的力量。

57.它基于以下觀點(diǎn)：哲學(xué)的確是一門有趣的學(xué)科，不僅專家和有的具有天賦的本科生可以理解哲學(xué)，人人都可理解。不論是否上過哲學(xué)課，每個人都是哲學(xué)家。區(qū)別在于：系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過哲學(xué)的人具有這樣的優(yōu)勢，他們遇到的論點(diǎn)要比以其他方式遇到的論點(diǎn)更有說服力、種類更多。該書的特點(diǎn)是：它使初學(xué)者有機(jī)會直接接觸選自重要哲學(xué)著作并有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的讀物，但并不過分地要求學(xué)生必須通讀這些很難讀懂的書籍。

58.盡管大國不愿意銷毀大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的心理不一定導(dǎo)致沖突，但尖端武器的使用會給人類健康帶來災(zāi)難。如果適者生存（或優(yōu)勝劣汰）這觀念仍使用于國際社會，那么人類的文明就很可能遭到毀滅。我們不禁要問世界需要多少年才能徹底消滅戰(zhàn)爭。

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

59.Expansionofdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicapproachinourcountry’seconomicdevelopmentandbasicstandpoint,andalsotopromotebalancedeconomicdevelopmentwithinthefundamentalapproachandtherequired.

60.Inrecentyears,thewideningofincomegaphasbecomeanindisputablefact,andthefairnessofincomedistributionhasbeenpaidmoreandm