考研考博-英語-北京科技大學(xué)天津?qū)W院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京科技大學(xué)天津?qū)W院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

不要拋棄學(xué)問

有人說：“出去做事之后，生活問題急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學(xué)問，既沒有圖書館，又沒有實驗室，哪能做學(xué)問？”我要對你們說：凡是要等到有圖書館才能讀書，有了圖書館也不肯讀書；凡是等到有了實驗室方才做研究，有了實驗室也不肯做研究。你有了決心就研究一個問題，自然會節(jié)衣縮食去買書，自然會想出法子來設(shè)置儀器。至于時間，更不成問題。達爾文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一點鐘的工作。你們看他的成績！每天花一點鐘看10頁有用的書，每年可看3600多頁，30年可讀11萬頁書，11萬頁書可以使你成為一個學(xué)者了。

【答案】NeverGiveupthePursuitofLearning

Somepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you’llcomeupagainsttheurgentproblemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.Timeisnoobject.CharlesDarwincouldonlyworkonehouradayduetoillhealth.Yetwhataremarkablemanhewas!Ifyouspendonehouradayreading10pagesofabook,youcanfinishmorethan3600pagesayear,and110000pagesin30years.110000pageswillbequiteenoughtomakealearnedmanofman.

2.單選題

Therearetoomanycomplaintsaboutsocietyhavingtomovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.

問題1選項

A.thathaveto

B.haveto

C.havingto

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識?？崭袂笆且粋€完整的therebe句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個謂語動詞形式。如選擇A選項，無法確認(rèn)先行詞會造成語意混亂，因此排除A選項。C選項的havingto是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式作為后置定語修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個社會為了跟上機器而發(fā)展得太快。因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Sleeprestoresthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgettherecommendedeighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageadulttodaygetsonly6.4hoursofsleep,nearlyanhourandahalflessthanwhattheaveragepersonreceivedacenturyago.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheprevalenceandseverityofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklongshifts,orsufferfrominsomnia(失眠)orjetlag.Othersaredeprivedofsleepbecausetheyworktoohard,stayouttoolate,ortrytodotoomanythingsinaday.Adultswhoregularlysleepsixhoursorlessmightthinktheyaccomplishmorebystayinguplate,buttheypayforitthenextdaywhentheyfeelsleepyorirritableorareunabletoconcentrate,rememberthings,orbeveryeffectiveattheirwork.

Studiesshowthatthebrainisadverselyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjectswhousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinahospitalsleeplaboratoryduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveralcognitivetasks,suchasarithmeticandwordproblems,whileundergoingmagneticresonance(共振)scansoftheirbrainactivity.Thescansrecordedeachsubject’sbrainactivityfromarestedstatethroughvariousstagesofsleepdeprivationoverthe35-hourperiod.Thescansproducedimagesshowingincreasedactivityinsomeregionsofthebrainanddecreasedactivityinothers.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobeofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactivatedduringverbaltasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsleep-deprivedsubjects.Whensubjectswerefullyrested,theirmagneticresonancescansshowedthatthetemporallobewasveryactive.However,afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Theeffectsoftheinactivityincludedslurredspeechinthesubjectswhohadgoneforprolongedperiodswithnosleep.

Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepanightcanimpairshort-termmemory,coordination,reactiontime,andjudgment—thusposingaseriousriskofaccidentorinjury.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadsomeofthesamehazardouseffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17to19hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.05percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Thestudyalsofoundthat16to60percentofroadaccidentsinvolvedsleepdeprivation.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.

Thereareotherproblemsassociatedwithsleepdeprivationbeyondimpairedmotorskillsandjudgment.Driverswhogettoolittlesleepmayhavehigherlevelsofstress,anxietyanddepression,maytakeunnecessaryrisks,ormayexpressragetowardotherdrivers.Thesedangersaffectnotonlydriversbutalsopeoplewhoworklongshiftsornightshifts,suchasmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers.Thedangersofsleepdeprivationgofarbeyondtheobviousrisksandcan,infact,undermineallareasofanindividual’sphysicalandmentalhealth.

6.WhichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinParagraph1?

7.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.

8.ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_____.

9.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdidresearcherslearnaboutsubjectswhohadgoneseveralhourswithoutsleep?

10.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers____.

問題1選項

A.Acenturyago,healthprofessionalsdidnotexperiencesleepdeprivation;however,nowitisapartoftheirjobs.

B.Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyhealthprofessionalshavenotstudiedtheconsequencesofsleepdeprivation.

C.Sleepdeprivationusedtoaffectonlycertainprofessions,butnowitoccursinallsectorsoftheworkingpopulation.

D.Healthprofessionalshavejuststartedtounderstandthatsleepdeprivationinworkersisaseriousproblem.

問題2選項

A.jetlag

B.longworkhours

C.boringwork

D.workingatnight

問題3選項

A.howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleep

B.howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterrupted

C.thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccurduringsleep

D.theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivity

問題4選項

A.Thesubjectswereunabletocompletesimplewordproblems.

B.Thesubjectshadnoactivityinpartofthebrainduringverbaltasks.

C.Thesubjectscouldsolvesomecognitivetasksbetterthanothers.

D.Thesubjectsfeltterribleandexpressedangerintheirspeech.

問題5選項

A.areatriskforexperiencinganxietyanddepression

B.aremorelikelythandriverstobedeprivedofsleep

C.arenotawarethattheymaysufferfromsleepdeprivation

D.arerarelyabletofindjobswithdaytimehours

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.【選項釋義】

6.WhichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinParagraph1?6.下面哪個句子最好地表達了第1段中突出顯示的句子中的重要信息?

A.Acenturyago,healthprofessionalsdidnotexperiencesleepdeprivation;however,nowitisapartoftheirjobs.A.一個世紀(jì)以前，衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員沒有睡眠不足的經(jīng)歷；然而，現(xiàn)在這是他們工作的一部分。

B.Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyhealthprofessionalshavenotstudiedtheconsequencesofsleepdeprivation.B.很難理解為什么健康專家沒有研究睡眠剝奪的后果。

C.Sleepdeprivationusedtoaffectonlycertainprofessions,butnowitoccursinallsectorsoftheworkingpopulation.C.睡眠不足過去只影響某些職業(yè)，但現(xiàn)在它發(fā)生在工作人口的所有部門。

D.Healthprofessionalshavejuststartedtounderstandthatsleepdeprivationinworkersisaseriousproblem.D.健康專業(yè)人員剛剛開始認(rèn)識到工人睡眠不足是一個嚴(yán)重的問題。

【考查點】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第一段第四句話“直到最近幾年，衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員才開始意識到工作人口中睡眠不足的普遍性和嚴(yán)重性”，這句是D選項的同意替換，所以答案選D“健康專業(yè)人員剛剛開始認(rèn)識到工人睡眠不足是一個嚴(yán)重的問題”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一個世紀(jì)以前，衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員沒有睡眠不足的經(jīng)歷；然而，現(xiàn)在這是他們工作的一部分”，這句講的是從業(yè)人員意識到睡眠不足帶來的后果，而這個后果是以前沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的，不是衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員自己睡眠不足，這里屬于曲意理解。

B選項“很難理解為什么健康專家沒有研究睡眠剝奪的后果”，這里文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“睡眠不足過去只影響某些職業(yè)，但現(xiàn)在它發(fā)生在工作人口的所有部門”，加粗句子沒有講到以前睡眠不足會影響某個職業(yè)而是講以前沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠不足對人的健康影響，這里屬于無中生有。

7.【選項釋義】

7.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.7.這篇文章提到了以下所有導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的原因，除了______。

A.jetlagA.倒時差

B.longworkhoursB.長時間工作

C.boringworkC.無聊的工作

D.workingatnightD.晚上工作

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】C選項“無聊的工作”，文章沒有提及，所以答案選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“倒時差”，定位到第一段第五句“很多人在晚上工作，長時間輪班，或者失眠（失眠）或倒時差”，由此可知A選項正確，所以不選；

B選項“長時間工作”，見A選項，由此可知B選項正確，所以不選；

D選項“晚上工作”，見A選項，由此可知D選項正確，所以不選。

8.【選項釋義】

8.ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_____.8.第2段所述的研究目的是確定_____。

A.howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleepA.不睡覺人能活多少小時

B.howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterruptedB.人們在睡眠被打斷時的反應(yīng)

C.thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccurduringsleepC.睡眠時大腦活動的變化

D.theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivityD.睡眠剝奪對大腦活動的影響

【考查點】判斷推理題

【解題思路】第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第六句“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在睡眠充足的受試者進行語言任務(wù)時，大腦中負(fù)責(zé)語言處理的顳葉會被激活，而在（but）睡眠不足的受試者中則不會”，實驗的目的從對照組可以看出來，這里的對照組是睡眠充足者與睡眠不足者做同一個任務(wù)的對照。第二步，尋找上下文線索，實驗的結(jié)果是第二段第一句話，“睡眠不足（sleepdeprivation）會對大腦產(chǎn)生不利影響，因為睡眠期間發(fā)生的某些電和化學(xué)活動模式被打斷，大腦無法正常工作?！?，由此可以推斷，答案選D選項“睡眠剝奪對大腦活動的影響”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“不睡覺人能活多少小時”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“人們在睡眠被打斷時的反應(yīng)”，定位到文章第二段第一句話，“睡眠不足會對大腦產(chǎn)生不利影響，因為睡眠期間發(fā)生的某些電和化學(xué)活動模式被打斷（interrupted），大腦無法正常工作?！保@里是實驗的結(jié)果，不是實驗的目的，這里屬于偷換概念；

C選項“睡眠時大腦活動的變化”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

9.【選項釋義】

9.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdidresearcherslearnaboutsubjectswhohadgoneseveralhourswithoutsleep?9.根據(jù)第2段，研究人員對幾個小時不睡覺的受試者了解到了什么?

A.Thesubjectswereunabletocompletesimplewordproblems.A.受試者無法完成簡單的文字問題。

B.Thesubjectshadnoactivityinpartofthebrainduringverbaltasks.B.受試者的部分大腦在語言任務(wù)中沒有活動。

C.Thesubjectscouldsolvesomecognitivetasksbetterthanothers.C.受試者能夠比其他人更好地解決一些認(rèn)知任務(wù)。

D.Thesubjectsfeltterribleandexpressedangerintheirspeech.D.受試者感覺很糟糕，并在他們的說話中表達了憤怒。

【考查點】判斷推理題

【解題思路】定位到文章第二段第六句“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在睡眠充足的受試者進行語言任務(wù)時，大腦中負(fù)責(zé)語言處理的顳葉會被激活（activated），而（butnotin）在睡眠不足的受試者中則不會”和第二段最后一句“不活動的影響包括那些長時間沒有睡覺的受試者說話含糊不清（slurredspeech）”，由此可知那些沒有睡覺的受試者大腦負(fù)責(zé)語言處理的部分不會被激活從而造成語言含糊的情況，所以可以推斷答案選B選項“受試者的部分大腦在語言任務(wù)中沒有活動”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“受試者無法完成簡單的文字問題”，見正確選項解析，實驗結(jié)果是不睡覺影響語言系統(tǒng)沒有顯示會影響文字系統(tǒng)，所以A選項錯誤，這里屬于無中生有；

C選項“受試者能夠比其他人更好地解決一些認(rèn)知任務(wù)”，見正確選項解析，實驗結(jié)果是不睡覺影響語言系統(tǒng)沒有顯示會影響認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)，所以C選項錯誤，這里屬于無中生有；

D選項“受試者感覺很糟糕，并在他們的說話中表達了憤怒”，見正確選項解析，結(jié)果顯示不睡覺的人說話含糊，沒有說不睡覺的人說話會很憤怒。

10.【選項釋義】

10.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers____.10.從第4段可以推斷，醫(yī)務(wù)人員和其他急救人員____。

A.areatriskforexperiencinganxietyanddepressionA.有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險

B.aremorelikelythandriverstobedeprivedofsleepB.比司機更容易被剝奪睡眠

C.arenotawarethattheymaysufferfromsleepdeprivationC.沒有意識到他們可能遭受睡眠剝奪

D.arerarelyabletofindjobswithdaytimehoursD.他們很少能在白天找到工作

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第四段第二三句話“睡眠不足的司機可能會有更高程度的壓力、焦慮和抑郁，可能會冒不必要的風(fēng)險，或者可能會對其他司機表達憤怒。這些危險不僅影響司機，也影響那些長時間輪班或夜班的人，如醫(yī)務(wù)人員和其他急救人員。”，第二步，綜合理解，由此可知司機長時間不睡會有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險，醫(yī)護人員也有長時間不睡的風(fēng)險，所以也會有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險，所以答案選A選項“有患焦慮和抑郁的風(fēng)險”。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“比司機更容易被剝奪睡眠”，見正確選項解析，這里只是說睡眠少的某些職業(yè)人員會有患精神疾病的風(fēng)險，但是沒有在兩者之間作比較，這里屬于無中生有；

C選項“沒有意識到他們可能遭受睡眠剝奪”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“他們很少能在白天找到工作”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

4.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspaceandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationsliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutfromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentrerofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehindtheyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthosehealthymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinionthefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

問題1選項

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

問題2選項

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問題3選項

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

問題4選項

A.Original.

B.Quiet.

C.Arrogant.

D.Insensitive.

問題5選項

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity(我是眾多城市人中的一員，如果要做選擇的話，我們寧愿住在遠(yuǎn)離大城市的塵土和噪音的鄉(xiāng)村)。說明作者是在城里工作。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第二段。Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappear,peopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother,由此推測B項(lackofcommunication)是原因之一。Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks，noisy,dirtyandimpersonal,,Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats,由此推測C項(housingconditions)也是原因之一。Children,，coopedupathomeallday，，theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld，由此推測D項(asenseofisolation)也是原因之一。故選A。

3.推斷題。第三段指出:Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown(住在一個小村莊里，購物是一個大問題，即使只是稍微特別的物品，人們也必須到附近大城鎮(zhèn)去買),由此推測在鄉(xiāng)村不容易買到的東西應(yīng)是designerclothes。

4.推斷題。第四段說:Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.’即他們一般還是比較敏感的...他們也把某些改變強加給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村居民。故選C項Arrogant（驕橫的）比較合適。

5.推斷題。最后一段:I’mkeenontheidea...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening,作者說他一點也不確定他的貓會接受新鮮空氣，在長草中鍛煉,并且在后面用貓來作了否定的答復(fù)。由此推測作者不會去農(nóng)村生活。

5.單選題

Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

問題1選項

A.hide

B.hinder

C.hint

D.hind

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項動詞hide“隱藏”，B項動詞hinder“阻礙、打擾”，C項動詞hint“暗示、示意”，D項形容詞hind“后部的”；句意：新政策將阻礙而不是幫助貧困家庭。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

TheCivilWarprovidedanimpetustoMichigan'sgrowth.

問題1選項

A.anincentiveto

B.anobstacleto

C.areasonfor

D.adelayin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。animpetusto意為“推動，促進”；anincentiveto意為“刺激，激勵”；anobstacleto意為“障礙”；areasonfor意為“理由，原因”；adelayin意為“延遲”。

句意：南北戰(zhàn)爭推動了密歇根州的發(fā)展。

7.單選題

Thereis（）conflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.

問題1選項

A.somuch

B.somany

C.toofew

D.afew

【答案】A

【解析】information是不可數(shù)名司，只有選項A后面接不可數(shù)名詞。

8.單選題

TheQueen’svisittoChinawaslargely（

）.Butitendedanunhappychapterintherelationship.

問題1選項

A.synthetic

B.representative

C.international

D.symbolic

【答案】D

【解析】句意:女王訪問中國在很大程度上是象征性的，但它卻導(dǎo)致雙方的關(guān)系出現(xiàn)了不愉快的篇章。

考查形容詞辨析。Synthetic合成的,人造的,綜合的;representative代表的,典型的;international國際的,世界性的;symbolic象征的。But表轉(zhuǎn)折,可知前后句子應(yīng)該為對比或相反,因此D符合句意。

9.單選題

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards（笨蛋），theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxy（代替物）forability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.

Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.

Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhycleverstudentsrefusetoentertheteachingprofessionisthat（）.

3.“Thedataarestriking:when...thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture”（inParagraph2）meansthat（）.

4.Increaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecause（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.

B.ThepayofAmericanteachersisbasedontheirperformance.

C.SometeachersintheU.S.arenotqualifiedenough.

D.Howmuchtheteachersarepaidisthemostimportantfactor.

問題2選項

A.itofferslowpay.

B.theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.

C.itdoesnotvalueproductivity

D.itusespoorrecruitingstrategies

問題3選項

A.studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer

B.studentsdoingwellinstudycan’tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer

C.studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers

D.studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers

問題4選項

A.schoolsdidapoorjobofchoosingteachers

B.mediocreteachersalwayspostponeretirement

C.thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough

D.teachersdidn’thaveequalopportunities

問題5選項

A.trainingisnecessaryforthosewhowanttobecomeagoodteacher

B.thosewhowanttobecometeachersintheU.S.havetobelicensed

C.manygraduatesoftopuniversitieswouldliketoenterteaching

D.thereisannualincreaseinteachersalariesintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句話提到NEA,themainteacher’sunion，由此可知選項A的說法是錯誤的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句話thepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance，由此可知選項B說法錯誤，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話提到America’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch，由此可知選項D說法錯誤，可以排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到有才華的老師可能擅長其他領(lǐng)域的職業(yè)，所以他們有強烈的動機離開教育行業(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)而從事其他那些薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率掛鉤的工作（sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity），這也說明教育行業(yè)的薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率無關(guān)，所以那些聰明學(xué)生并不愿意套入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。劃線句子的大意是那些最聰明的學(xué)生并不愿意踏入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C“那些學(xué)習(xí)成績好的學(xué)生不愿意成為教師”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到becauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers，因此選項A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第一段提到everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed（每個州都要求老師有執(zhí)照），選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項presume“假設(shè)，認(rèn)為”；C選項pretend“假裝，偽裝”；D選項presuppose“假設(shè)，以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果沒有人問任何問題，那么我認(rèn)為大家都能理解。

11.單選題

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha_______character.

問題1選項

A.gracious

B.suspicious

C.unique

D.particular

【答案】B

【解析】gracious有禮貌的,寬厚的;suspicious多疑的,可疑的;unique獨一無二的,唯一的;particular特別的,獨有的。句意：我從不相信他,因為我一直認(rèn)為他是個多疑的人。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Twoofthechildrenhavetosleepinonebed,buttheotherthreehave（）ones.

問題1選項

A.similar

B.singular

C.different

D.separate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個孩子必須睡在一張床上，而另外三個孩子睡在不同的床上。根據(jù)語境可知，這里指分開的獨立的床，選項D符合語境。

13.單選題

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

問題1選項

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。controversy“爭論，論戰(zhàn)，辯論”；conversation“交談，會話，社交”；discussion“討論，議論”；illumination“闡明”。根據(jù)空格后面的dull,nosex可以推斷空格處是“沒什么好爭論的”。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

問題2選項

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

問題3選項

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

問題4選項

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

問題5選項

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科學(xué)》雜志的主編MarciaMcNutt今天宣布該雜志正在為自身的同行評議過程增加一輪額外的統(tǒng)計檢查。在人們廣泛擔(dān)心數(shù)據(jù)分析的基本錯誤正導(dǎo)致