考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

在大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)部門，都是賣家試圖用價(jià)格、質(zhì)量、用途等各種誘惑來(lái)吸引潛在的買家，而買家做出是否購(gòu)買的決定。然而，在醫(yī)療產(chǎn)業(yè)，醫(yī)患關(guān)系卻是生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者之間一般關(guān)系的鏡像（mirrorimage）。一旦一個(gè)人決定看醫(yī)生的話，通常是醫(yī)生做出所有重大的消費(fèi)決定：患者是否下個(gè)星期一再來(lái)，是否需要X光透視，是否要開(kāi)藥，等等。

【答案】Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,qualityandutility,andthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inmedicalindustry,however,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer.Onceanindividualdecidestoseeadoctor,thedoctorusuallymakesallsignificantdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturnnextMonday,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.

2.單選題

DuringtheinitialstagesofinstructedL2acquisitionstudentslearnacouplethousand,mainlyhighfrequencywords.Functionallanguageproficiency,however,requiresmasteryofaconsiderablylargernumberofwords.Itisthereforenecessaryattheintermediateandadvancedstagesoflanguageacquisitiontolearnalargevocabularyinashortperiodoftime.Thereisnotenoughtimetocopythenatural(largelyincidental)L1wordacquisitionprocess.Incidentalacquisitionofthewordsisonlypossibleuptoapoint,because,onaccountoftheirlowfrequency,theydonotoccuroftenenoughintheL2learningmaterial.

AcquisitionofnewwordsfromauthenticL2readingtextsbymeansofstrategiessuchascontextualdeductionisalsonotasolutionforanumberofreasons.Thereappearstobenoalternativetointentionallearningofagreatmanynewwordsinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Thewordstobelearnedmaybepresentedinisolationorincontext.Presentationinbilingualwordlistsseemsanattractiveshortcutbecauseittakeslesstimethancontextualpresentationandyieldsexcellentshorttermresults.Longtermretention,however,isoftendisappointingsocontextualpresentationseemsadvisable.

AnysuggestionsonhowtoimplementthisinpedagogiccontextsshouldbebasedonasystematicanalysisofthetwomostimportantaspectsoftheL2wordlearningproblem,thatistosay,selectingtherelevantvocabulary(whichandhowmanywords)andcreatingoptimalconditionsfortheacquisitionprocess.Thisarticlesetsouttodescribeacomputerassistedwordacquisitionprogramme(CAVOCA)whichtriestodopreciselythis:theprogrammeoperationalizescurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisition,anditscontentsarebasedonasystematicinventoryofthevocabularyrelevantforthetargetgroup.Toestablishitsefficiency,theprogrammewascontrastedinanumberofexperimentalsettingswithapairedassociatedmethodoflearningnewwords.Theexperimentalresultssuggestthatanapproachcombiningthetwomethodsismostadvisable.

36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.

37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.

38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?

39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.

40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabulary

B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywords

C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetence

D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.presentationinbilingualwordlists

B.contextualpresentation

C.presentationinisolation

D.attractivepresentation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofteaching

B.practical

C.following

D.difficult

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.selecttherelevantvocabulary

B.createoptimalconditions

C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruse

D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabulary

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition

B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition

C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition

D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.36.從作者在第一段所說(shuō)的，我們可以推斷______。

A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabularyA.第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來(lái)擴(kuò)大詞匯量

B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywordsB.高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯

C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetenceC.高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握大量的詞匯，以提高其功能語(yǔ)言能力

D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttimeD.第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第一段，從第二句“功能語(yǔ)言熟練需要掌握大量的單詞”，以及第三句“因此，在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的中高級(jí)階段，有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”，可知，中高級(jí)學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得階段，必須掌握大量的詞匯，而功能語(yǔ)言也需要掌握大量單詞；綜合理解可推斷，中高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握大量的詞匯來(lái)提高功能語(yǔ)言能力。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“偶然習(xí)得這些單詞只有在一定程度上是可能的，因?yàn)樗鼈兂霈F(xiàn)的頻率很低”，可推斷A項(xiàng)“第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來(lái)擴(kuò)大詞匯量”是錯(cuò)誤的，反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到“學(xué)習(xí)大量詞匯”，“高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯”中的具體數(shù)字無(wú)法從文中推斷，無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞”中的impossible使用太絕對(duì)，而且也與原文相反，反向干擾。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.37.在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量詞匯最有效的方法之一可能是______。

A.presentationinbilingualwordlistsA.使用雙語(yǔ)單詞表

B.contextualpresentationB.情境呈現(xiàn)

C.presentationinisolationC.孤立地呈現(xiàn)

D.attractivepresentationD.吸引人的表達(dá)方式

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】第二段主要描述的是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的各種方法及其可行性，根據(jù)第二段最后一句“……情境呈現(xiàn)似乎是可取的（contextualpresentationseemsadvisable）”，綜合理解可知，contextualpresentation（情境呈現(xiàn)）在掌握大量詞匯上是可行的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位至第二段最后兩句“用雙語(yǔ)單詞列表展示似乎是一個(gè)很有吸引力的捷徑，因?yàn)樗惹榫吵尸F(xiàn)花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更少，而且能產(chǎn)生優(yōu)秀的短期效果。然而，長(zhǎng)期留存率往往令人失望……”，從最后一句的however轉(zhuǎn)折可知，“使用雙語(yǔ)單詞表”不是一個(gè)有效的辦法，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“孤立地呈現(xiàn)”雖然在第二段有提到，但是并沒(méi)有講述它是否是一個(gè)有效的辦法，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“吸引人的表達(dá)方式”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?38.第三段中的“pedagogic”是什么意思？

A.ofteachingA.教學(xué)的

B.practicalB.實(shí)際的

C.followingC.接著的

D.difficultD.困難的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pedagogic定位至第三段第一句“任何關(guān)于如何在pedagogic情境中（inpedagogiccontexts）實(shí)施這一方法的建議，都應(yīng)以第二語(yǔ)言詞匯學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)極其重要的方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地分析為基礎(chǔ)”，其中pedagogic是修飾contexts（情境）；這一句是對(duì)上一段的銜接，上一段是討論了各種單詞習(xí)得的方法，最后得出“情境呈現(xiàn)（contextualpresentation）似乎是可取的”，而與情境呈現(xiàn)相關(guān)的是教學(xué)，所以推測(cè)pedagogic指“教學(xué)的”的意思。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際的”、C選項(xiàng)“接著的”和D選項(xiàng)“困難的”屬于曲解原文。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.39.根據(jù)第三段，CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是______。

A.selecttherelevantvocabularyA.選擇適中的詞匯量

B.createoptimalconditionsB.創(chuàng)造最佳條件

C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruseC.使當(dāng)前關(guān)于詞匯習(xí)得的理論思維得到更好的應(yīng)用

D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabularyD.找出擴(kuò)大第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章第三段，第二句對(duì)CAVOCA有描述“本文主要介紹一種努力實(shí)現(xiàn)這一想法的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助單詞學(xué)習(xí)軟件（CAVOCA），其操作原理就是單詞學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)行理論，內(nèi)容就是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的目錄，涵蓋了那些學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)象需要的詞匯”，其中“這一想法”指的是第一句提到的“確定較為適中的詞匯量（哪些以及有多少單詞）并制定學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的最優(yōu)條件”，綜合理解可知，CAVOCA的目的就是實(shí)現(xiàn)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”這兩種方法，而這兩種屬于單詞習(xí)得的現(xiàn)行理論。綜上所述，可以推斷出CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是使當(dāng)前這兩種詞匯習(xí)得理論思維得以應(yīng)用。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”都不全面，以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“找出擴(kuò)大第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法”表述不正確，CAVOCA計(jì)劃是使詞匯習(xí)得的兩種理論辦法成為可行，而不是“找出辦法”，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.40.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是______。

A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionA.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得

B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionB.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要

C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionC.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法

D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionD.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，定位首段和末段的核心句，首段第三句“在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的中高級(jí)階段，有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”，以及末段最后一句“實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，兩種方法相結(jié)合的方法是最合適的”，可知該篇文章講述的是提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法；另外第二段對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的有效辦法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的描述，所以文章的主旨就是“提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法”。根據(jù)第三段第二句“本文（Thisarticlesetsoutto）描述了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助詞匯習(xí)得程序……”，可知，這篇文章是在介紹另外一篇文章，所以推斷這是一篇文章的摘要。綜合理解可知，D選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要”最適合文章標(biāo)題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得”和B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語(yǔ)言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要”概括不全面，以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法”對(duì)文章體裁表述不正確，曲解原文。

3.單選題

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，文章一直在論述該法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企業(yè)配額作為促進(jìn)性別平等的一種方式。請(qǐng)記住，這些基本上都是自私自利的措施，讓他們的贊助商感覺(jué)良好，但其實(shí)并沒(méi)有什么幫助。由此可見(jiàn)作者對(duì)此法案采取否定態(tài)度，A“helplittletoreducegenderbias對(duì)減少性別偏見(jiàn)沒(méi)什么幫助”為同義替換的正確選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Californiameasures定位到原文第五段第二句，BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,...courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatetheconstitutionalguaranteeof...violate違反憲法，選項(xiàng)Cagainst替換violate為正確選項(xiàng)。

3.例證題。根據(jù)題干中catalyst替換到第七段，論點(diǎn)為上一句Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernment

interference.在沒(méi)有政府干預(yù)的情況下，公司董事會(huì)中的婦女人數(shù)一直在穩(wěn)步增加。可見(jiàn)D選項(xiàng)theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions政府干預(yù)的不必要性正確。

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Norway定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一句，要求將性別作為董事會(huì)成員的主要資格，必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致私營(yíng)部門董事會(huì)減少。緊接著下文說(shuō)董事會(huì)成員的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越多，卻沒(méi)有合格的女性來(lái)?yè)?dān)任董事會(huì)成員，由此可見(jiàn)會(huì)有不合格的人進(jìn)入董事會(huì)，正確答案為選項(xiàng)C“不合格候選人進(jìn)入董事會(huì)”。

5.推斷題。B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making，由最后一段可知，下次有人把企業(yè)配額作為促進(jìn)性別平等的一種方式。請(qǐng)記住，這些基本上都是自私自利的措施，讓他們的贊助商感覺(jué)良好，但其實(shí)并沒(méi)有什么幫助。由此可知該政策并不可取，正確答案為選項(xiàng)B“可行性應(yīng)是決策的首要考慮因素”。

4.填空題

Theefforttoclarifythebewilderingnumberofinterrelatedobservations________bypsychoanalyticexplorationledtothedevelopmentofamodelofthestructureofthepsychicsystem.(cover)

【答案】uncovered

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞by，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，uncover的意思為“發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭露”，符合語(yǔ)境，其過(guò)去分詞為uncovered。

【句意】精神分析探索發(fā)現(xiàn)的觀察結(jié)果數(shù)目眾多、令人眼花繚亂、又相互關(guān)聯(lián)，努力闡明這些結(jié)果促進(jìn)了精神系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)模型的發(fā)展。

5.單選題

Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour（

）viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distressing

B.optimistic

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。distressing意為“使人痛苦的，令人苦惱的”；optimistic意為“樂(lè)觀的，樂(lè)觀主義的”；indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；pessimistic意為“悲觀的，厭世的”。

句意：鑒于剛剛傳來(lái)的悲慘消息，我恐怕你要你改變你樂(lè)觀的想法了。

6.單選題

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.

Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.

Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.

Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.

Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.

1.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?

2.Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould（）.

4.Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto（）.

5.Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyhalfoftheworld'swatercanbeused.

B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.

C.Halfoftheworld'swaterresourceshavebeenserioilslypolluted.

D.Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld

B.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefield

C.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirs

D.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.bereducedtotheminimum

B.stimulatedomesticdemand

C.correspondtoitsrealvalue

D.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.buildbiglakestostorewater

B.constructbigpumpingstations

C.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystems

D.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironment

B.centralizethemanagementofwaterresources

C.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevels

D.encouragelocalandregionalofcontrolwaterresources

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.”如果我們開(kāi)始比過(guò)去更重視水資源，水資源短缺就不會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)麻煩。由此可知，水資源短缺真正的原因是人們不重視水資源，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段第二句“Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,...”一些地區(qū)的水資源短缺正在造成饑荒和不幸。由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.”相反，除了貧困人口的家庭用水之外，所有用途的水，政府都應(yīng)該根據(jù)其實(shí)際價(jià)值來(lái)定價(jià)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycrop-land.”例如，在干旱地區(qū)建設(shè)小型的、廉價(jià)的灌溉體系，比如在洼地收集降雨，并將其抽到附近的農(nóng)田。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Ratherthanspreadcontrol...tocoordinatewaterpolicy.”國(guó)家應(yīng)設(shè)立中央政府集中管理水資源，而不是由若干個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)夭块T分散管理。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

7.翻譯題

我為什么寫作？我為了我們的國(guó)家、社會(huì)、生活更加美好而寫作。熱愛(ài)生活，我嘆息一切美好的瞬間的短促。只有文學(xué)才能使美好的瞬間與永恒連接起來(lái)。至少我有理由希望，在寫作的時(shí)候我能夠比我自己還要好一點(diǎn)，聰明一點(diǎn)，豐富一點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候更執(zhí)著一點(diǎn)，也有時(shí)候更豁達(dá)一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲沂翘椒擦?，我是有太多的缺點(diǎn)以至于缺陷。我不滿意自己，我已經(jīng)沒(méi)有辦法再重新投胎一次，我只能在寫作里得到一些校正與補(bǔ)償。我喜歡寫作還因?yàn)檫@并不總是快樂(lè)的。誰(shuí)能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而當(dāng)這一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都變成文學(xué)的契機(jī)的時(shí)候，人生就比較能夠忍受了。

【答案】WhydoIwrite?Iwriteforthebettermentofourcountry,societyandlife.Ilovelife,Isighthebrevityofallthebeautifulmoments.Onlyliteraturecanconnectthebeautifulmomentwiththeeternal.AtleastIhavereasontohopethatwhenIwrite,Icanbealittlebetterthanmyself,alittlesmarter,alittlericher,sometimesalittlemorepersistent,andsometimesalittlemoreopen-minded,becauseIamtooordinary,Ihavetoomanyshortcomingsandevendefects.Iamnotsatisfiedwithmyself,Ihavenowaytobebornagain,Icanonlygetsomecorrectionandcompensationfromwriting.Ialsolikewritingbecauseit'snotalwaysfun.Whocanavoidthoseheavyunpleasantandeventerriblethings?However,whenalltheseexperiencesbecometheopportunityofliterature,lifeismoretolerable.

8.單選題

Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathinginitself.Itisn’t.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecan’tthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisn’t.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.

TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcameintobeing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.

Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Farwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearth-quakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.

Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.

ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,thendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalwouldstarve.

Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.

Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.

Inthesameway,onplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarth’slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfertilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.

Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwearandtear—asintheskinorintheintestinallining—growandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerveandmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.

Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofdie“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecalledecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheyliveonaredecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thendeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.

Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.

Inecology,thesamewouldhappeningif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyattheexpenseofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystem—mostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoftheinanimateenvironment.

Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively.

AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.

ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth’sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

Thecure?Justwhatitisforanycancer.Thecancerousgrowthmustsomehowbestopped.

Ofcourse,itwillbe.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthwillstop,asacancerousgrowthinamanwillstopifnothingisdone.Themandiesandthecancerdieswithit.

Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.

Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjusticeasthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theanalogybetweentheentireplanetandthehumanbodyisbasedonallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisNOTtrueaboutthepopulationintheworld?

4.In“Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjustice”(lastparagraph),whichofthefollowingdoes“this”referto?

5.“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”(12thparagraph)means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittooktheuniverse5billionyearstoformtheearth.

B.Evaporation,condensation,solution,weatheringarefourmajorfactorsthatcontributedtotheformationoftheearth.

C.Lifeformswerefirstdevelopedindeepwaterbetween2billionand3billionyearsago.

D.Lifeisasmuch,partofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionisandinreverse,theinanimateportionoftheEarthisshapedandmodifiedbylife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarebothcomposedofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions.

B.Theyarebothenormouslyintricateandinterrelatedsystems.

C.Theyarebothmadeupof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.

D.Theiroverallgrowthmaybedisruptedifagr