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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A:sharply“嚴(yán)厲地;鋒利地”;B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的;敏捷的”;D:punctually“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意:新總統(tǒng)的就職典禮將于8點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)舉行。根據(jù)前文“在八點(diǎn)”得知表示時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)點(diǎn),因此可知D為正確答案。

2.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問在從事藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和自然科學(xué)之間的差別。根據(jù)原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.極富創(chuàng)意的藝術(shù)和極具創(chuàng)意的科學(xué)之間的差異來自于自己的目標(biāo)的差異。對(duì)于科學(xué),新理論是創(chuàng)造性行為的目的和歸宿?!笨芍獌烧咧g的差異是在它們的目的不同,A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有關(guān)貝多芬,人們稱他推翻了種種規(guī)則,將音樂從傳統(tǒng)的令人窒息的范圍中解放出來。然而,對(duì)他音樂作品一番細(xì)致的研究會(huì)揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實(shí)質(zhì)上,他是一個(gè)無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨(dú)特方式利用各種局限從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)。可知D選項(xiàng)‘他綜合了新舊音樂形式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)所創(chuàng)造的,不是一種全新的、超越既已確立之局限的普遍性原則,而是一種美學(xué)上的獨(dú)特之物。由高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)造的美學(xué)上的獨(dú)特事物,以一種富予創(chuàng)新的方式,拓寬或利用既存形式的局限,而不是超越那種形式本身?!笨芍?,這種科學(xué)方面的原始貢獻(xiàn)是具有創(chuàng)新性的東西,所以D選項(xiàng)“生成一種新穎的、有根據(jù)的概括”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而,對(duì)他音樂作品一番細(xì)致的研究會(huì)揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實(shí)質(zhì)上,他是一個(gè)無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨(dú)特方式利用各種局限——即他從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)。以及本段中的論點(diǎn):從另一方面來說,莫扎特的《費(fèi)加羅的婚禮》無疑屬于音樂的典范之作,雖然其樸素的創(chuàng)新僅限于將既存的創(chuàng)作手法予以拓展而已。”可知最后一句提到了從這些前輩繼承而來的各種規(guī)則和傳統(tǒng),因此A選項(xiàng)“通過同樣的方法,這些模板作曲家成功地建立了音樂的規(guī)則”符合題意。

3.單選題

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionofabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argumentation

B.hypothesis

C.conviction

D.definition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:狹義相對(duì)論的框架可以由光速的絕對(duì)不變性的假設(shè)來構(gòu)建。assumption假定,設(shè)想;argumentation爭(zhēng)論,論證;hypothesis假設(shè);conviction定罪,確信;definition定義,解說。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

4.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill(

)ontothefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)overlap“與…重疊”;B選項(xiàng)overflow“溢出,泛濫”;C選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮,茂盛,茁壯成長”;D選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng),飛來飛去”。句意:如果你進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿水的浴缸,水將會(huì)溢出到地板上。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Malelionsremainalooffromtheday-to-dayactivitiesoftheirfamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upwindof

B.exhaustedfrom

C.separatefrom

D.boredwith

【答案】C

【解析】alooffrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離”。upwindof逆風(fēng)地;exhaustedfrom筋疲力盡的;separatefrom分離;boredwith對(duì)……厭倦。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近,符合原句語境。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Britainmaynothaveproducedadownhillskiingchampion,butthereis(1)areaofthesportinwhichitisaleader:dry-skiing.Asa(2)ofthis,moreman-madeskislopesarefoundherethanintherestoftheworld.Thefirstdryslopewas(3)inLondonthirty-fiveyearsago.NowthereareahundredandfiftyslopesinBritainstartingfromthe(4)sizeof30metrestooneof471metresjustoutsideEdinburgh.Thebiggercentres(5)likegolf(6)squashclubsbecausetheyoffertheirmembersafull(7)ofwell-organisedfacilities.

Manypeoplewantto(8)thedry-skicentresbecausetheyareclosetothecities.Forthosewhohavenever(9)before,theycan(10)doubtsavealotoftimeandmoneybygoingtooneofthecentresforbeginners.Instructorswillgo(11)theequipmentandteachthe(12)skillsofskiing.Forthosethatcanski,itisa(n)(13)goodwayofkeepingfitandpracticingnewtechniques.Formany(14)skiersithas(15)apartoftheirentertainment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yet

B.still

C.then

D.already

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.development

B.conclusion

C.proof

D.result

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.built

B.prepared

C.formed

D.created

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.biggest

B.longest

C.smallest

D.widest

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.instruct

C.operate

D.conduct

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.besides

C.either

D.or

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.row

C.variety

D.area

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.use

C.go

D.find

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.skied

B.skated

C.climbed

D.hiked

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.without

D.of

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.under

C.round

D.over

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.thorough

B.minimum

C.true

D.basic

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.rarely

B.really

C.excellent

D.seldom

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.regular

B.reliable

C.continuous

D.continual

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.become

C.developed

D.achieved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)yet“但是”;B選項(xiàng)still“仍然”;C選項(xiàng)then“那么”;D選項(xiàng)already“已經(jīng)”。句意:但在另一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,英國仍是領(lǐng)先者。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)development“發(fā)展”;B選項(xiàng)conclusion“結(jié)論”;C選項(xiàng)proof“證明”;D選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”。句意:因此,這里的人造滑雪坡道比世界其他地方都多。asaresultof是固定搭配,表示“作為……的結(jié)果”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)built“建造”;B選項(xiàng)prepared“準(zhǔn)備”;C選項(xiàng)formed“形成”;D選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造”。句意:第一個(gè)人工滑雪場(chǎng)是35年前在倫敦修建的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)biggest“最大的”;B選項(xiàng)longest“最長的”;C選項(xiàng)smallest“最小的”;D選項(xiàng)widest“最寬的”。句意:從最小的30米到愛丁堡外的471米。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perform“表演”;B選項(xiàng)instruct“指導(dǎo)”;C選項(xiàng)operate“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)conduct“實(shí)施”。句意:更大的中心像高爾夫或壁球俱樂部一樣運(yùn)作。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”;B選項(xiàng)besides“此外”;C選項(xiàng)either“而且”;D選項(xiàng)or“或者”。句意:更大的中心像高爾夫或壁球俱樂部一樣運(yùn)作。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“范圍”;B選項(xiàng)row“行,排”;C選項(xiàng)variety“多樣”;D選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域”。句意:因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)闀?huì)員提供全套組織良好的設(shè)施。afullrangeof是固定搭配,表示“全方位的,全系列的”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)do“做”;B選項(xiàng)use“使用”;C選項(xiàng)go“去”;D選項(xiàng)find“找到”。句意:許多人想去人工滑雪場(chǎng)中心。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)skied“滑雪”;B選項(xiàng)skated“滑冰”;C選項(xiàng)climbed“攀登”;D選項(xiàng)hiked“遠(yuǎn)足”。句意:對(duì)于那些從來沒有滑過雪的人來說。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)with“和……一起”;B選項(xiàng)in“在……中”;C選項(xiàng)without“沒有”;D選項(xiàng)of“屬于”。句意:去一個(gè)初學(xué)者中心無疑可以節(jié)省很多時(shí)間和金錢。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)goto“轉(zhuǎn)到”;B選項(xiàng)gounder“沉沒”;C選項(xiàng)goround“到處走動(dòng)”;D選項(xiàng)goover“檢查”。句意:教練將檢查設(shè)備并教授滑雪技巧。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)thorough“徹底的”;B選項(xiàng)minimum“最小的”;C選項(xiàng)true“真實(shí)的”;D選項(xiàng)basic“基本的”。句意:教練將檢查設(shè)備并教授基本滑雪技巧。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rarely“很少地”;B選項(xiàng)really“真正地”;C選項(xiàng)excellent“卓越的”;D選項(xiàng)seldom“很少”,表示頻率。句意:對(duì)于那些會(huì)滑雪的人來說,這不是一種保持身體健康和練習(xí)新技術(shù)的好方法。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regular“經(jīng)常的”;B選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”;C選項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)的”;D選項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意:對(duì)于許多經(jīng)常滑雪的人來說。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)made“制造”;B選項(xiàng)become“成為”;C選項(xiàng)developed“發(fā)展”;D選項(xiàng)achieved“達(dá)到”。句意:這已經(jīng)成為他們娛樂的一部分。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan()tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明,人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費(fèi)得起。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resort常去,求助,訴諸,resortto依靠,求助于;;grant授予,允許,承認(rèn),grantto同意給予,準(zhǔn)予;afford給予,提供,承擔(dān)得起;affordto(有條件)做,承擔(dān)得起,負(fù)擔(dān)得起;entitle給……稱號(hào),使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

8.單選題

Communicationistheprocessofamessage(

)fromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifting

B.transmitting

C.submitting

D.transforming

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。shift“轉(zhuǎn)移;改變;替換”;transmit“傳輸;傳播”;submit“使服從;呈遞”;transform“改變,使變形;轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意:通信是消息通過渠道從出處傳播給觀眾的過程。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thegovernment()toapprovetheuseofwide-spreadsurveillancewhentheJusticeDepartmenttookobjections.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isgoing

B.hadbeen

C.wasabout

D.iscoming

【答案】C

【解析】句意:政府即將同意采取廣泛監(jiān)督的手段吋,卻遭到了司法部的反對(duì)。

語法題??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)(一般過去將來時(shí))。由關(guān)鍵詞“took”可知句子主調(diào)為過去時(shí),因此使用現(xiàn)在吋態(tài)的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)排除。句意為“政府即將同意”,因此應(yīng)用一般過去將來時(shí)。故選C。

10.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么?

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富(tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry),第二段講到鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用(movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads),第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式(emergingmodesofproduction),第四段講到美國工業(yè)化期間的勞動(dòng)力(Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways)和資金來源(Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion)。綜上所述,本文以工業(yè)化為中心,闡述了影響工業(yè)化發(fā)展的因素,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國鐵路的歷史”和D選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用”:是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文,屬于以偏概全;

B選項(xiàng)“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”:文中沒有提到具體的工業(yè)中心,屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者為什么提到“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”(第二段)?

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困難。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句,該處講到“鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張(railwaynetworkexpanded),直到(until)美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng),鐵路網(wǎng)連接著(connecting)所有重要的原材料來源地、它們的制造地點(diǎn)和配送中心?!?,可知這里的蜘蛛網(wǎng)形容鐵路網(wǎng),鐵路網(wǎng)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,連接著各個(gè)地點(diǎn),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句“鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)(contributedtotheindustrialgrowth),不僅(notonly)因?yàn)樗B接了這些主要的中心,而且(butalso)因?yàn)樗旧硪蚕牧舜罅康娜剂?、鐵和煤?!保@里表達(dá)的是鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn),而非被稱為蜘蛛網(wǎng)的原因,屬于偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”和D選項(xiàng)“描述原材料分配的困難”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根據(jù)文章,誰是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者?

A.Railwayworkers.A.鐵路工人。

B.Farmers.B.農(nóng)民。

C.Europeans.C.歐洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句,該處講到“工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品(Theproductsofthefactories)迅速被不斷發(fā)展的城市所接收(growingcities),工人和商人以此謀生。”,可知消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品最多的是城市居民,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”:對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“修建鐵路(builttherailways)的勞動(dòng)力(labor)部分來自美國的農(nóng)場(chǎng)地區(qū)”,這里是說鐵路工人原本是農(nóng)民,而不是說鐵路工人消費(fèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品,屬于偷換概念;

B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”:農(nóng)民是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者,而不是消費(fèi)者,屬于張冠李戴;

C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”:對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求(keptupwiththeurbandemand),但仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品(surpluses)銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心(saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope)?!?,可知銷往歐洲工業(yè)中心的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是小部分,而不是大部分,屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?關(guān)于19世紀(jì)的美國農(nóng)民,下列哪項(xiàng)不正確?

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于機(jī)械化,他們有的人丟了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他們把食物賣給歐洲國家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他們無法為城市地區(qū)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第三段最后一句,該處講到“美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)滿足了城市的需求(keptupwiththeurbandemand),仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心?!?,可知他們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┝俗銐虻氖澄?,還有剩余的可以用來出口,和文章內(nèi)容不符,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于機(jī)械化,他們有的人丟了工作”:對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第一句“美國農(nóng)場(chǎng)地區(qū)的人被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械取代(Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery)”,機(jī)器代替人做農(nóng)活,做農(nóng)活的人由此失業(yè),符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)器提高了生產(chǎn)力”:對(duì)應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)又被新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用所提高(moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery)”,可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“他們把食物賣給歐洲國家”:對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲的工業(yè)中心(saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope)?!?,可知本選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。

11.單選題

Sheworegloveswhenshewasgardeningtopreventthenettlesfrom_____her.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flicking

B.striking

C.stinging

D.flapping

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。flicking“閃爍”;striking“打擊,罷工”;stinging“刺痛”;flapping“拍打”。句意:當(dāng)她打理花園時(shí),會(huì)戴手套,以防蕁麻刺痛自己。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encode

B.decipher

C.clear

D.identify

【答案】B

13.單選題

Imissedthelastflight,anddecided(

)tostaythenightattheairport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.therefore

C.moreover

D.meanwhile

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子前后邏輯關(guān)系。句意:我錯(cuò)過了上一趟飛機(jī),因此我決定整晚待在機(jī)場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。improve“改善”;enhance“加強(qiáng)”;guarantee“保證”;gear“開動(dòng),使……合適”。句意:為了在國家激烈的貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存,我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和種類適合市場(chǎng)需求。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Thebusinessorganizationhas()about5milliondollarsforcancerresearchinthepasttwoyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invested

B.allocated

C.cost

D.forged

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。invested投資;allocated分配、撥出;forged偽造。句意:這個(gè)商業(yè)組織在過去兩年中為癌癥研究投入了大約500萬美元。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Theboyhaslearnedfromfairystoriesthatwhatatfirstseemsa(),threateningfigurecanmagicallychangeintoamosthelpfulfriend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.benevolent

B.repulsive

C.compulsive

D.imperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。benevolent“仁慈的,慈善的”;repulsive“令人厭惡的,冷淡的”;compulsive“強(qiáng)制的,強(qiáng)迫的”;imperative“必要的,緊要的”。句意:男孩從童話故事里知道那些第一眼看起來令人厭惡的并且危險(xiǎn)的人物會(huì)魔法般地變成一個(gè)最有用的朋友。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Sheweptinreliefwhenthetumourturnedouttobebenign.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notvicious

B.dangerous

C.unpleasant

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.notvicious不邪惡的;不危險(xiǎn)的B.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的

C.unpleasant不愉快的D.beneficent有裨益的;行善的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Sheweptinrelief(她如釋重負(fù)地哭了),結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞tumour(腫瘤)可推斷,benign表示“良性的”,即腫瘤不是危險(xiǎn)的,A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近,故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】當(dāng)腫瘤被證實(shí)為良性時(shí),她如釋重負(fù)地哭了。

18.單選題

Someplantsare()todiseaseandmustbetakengoodcareofforthewholegrowingperiod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantastic

B.subordinate

C.susceptible

D.imperative

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。fantastic極好的;subordinate從屬的,次要的;susceptible易受……影響的;imperative緊急的;必要的。句意:有些植物易受病害的影響,必須在整個(gè)生長過程中得到很好的照顧。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask;achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.

Fairytales,unlikeanyotherformofliterature,directchildrentodiscovertheiridentityandcalling.Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.Butfairytalesalsowarnthatthosewhoaretootimidornarrow-mindedtoriskthem-selvesmustsettleforhumdrumexistence.

Inthepast,thosewholovedfairytaleswereoftensubjectedtothescornofpedants.Buttodaymanyofourchildrenaredeprivedofthechancetoknowfairystoriesatall.Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.

Throughouthistory,theintellectuallifeofchildrenlargelydependedonmythicalandreligiousstories,andonfairytales.Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.Atthesametime,thesestorieswereamajoragentofthechild’ssocialization.Childrencouldlearnsocialidealsfromthematerialofmyths,whilefairytalesprovidepatternsofbehaviormodeledontheseideals.Theseweretheimagesoftheunconqueredheroes,whoselifehistoryshowedthatitisnotbeneaththedignityofthestrongesttocleanthefilthieststable.

1.TheauthorcitedDickensinorderto______.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.

3.TheauthoridentifiedallofthefollowingasbenefitschildrenderivefromfairytalesEXCEPT______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,today’schildrenseldomexperiencefairytalesintheoriginalbecausetheseliteraryformsare______.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.callattentiontoapersonwhobeganbywritingfairytales

B.supporttheauthor’sscornforthosewhoadaptfairytalesforfilmsandtelevision

C.provetheformativeinfluenceoffairytalesonwriters

D.provideanexampleofonewhounderstandstheimportanceoffairytalestochildren

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostfairytalesaresuccessstories

B.childrenlearntheirmorallessonfromfairytales

C.mostfairytalesaretoodifficultforchildrentocomprehend

D.childrenoftenidentifythemselveswiththecharactersinfairytales

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.expressingcomplexissuesinlanguagechildrencanunderstand

B.servingasintroductionstocomplexquestionsbyrewardinglifestyles

C.teachingchildrenthewisdomoffacingriskstoachievemorefulfillinglives

D.improvingachild’simaginationthroughmodelsofvividimagery

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nolongeravailable

B.notunderstandabletochildren

C.shortenedtoentertaining

D.norelevanttotheconcernsofcontemporarychildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Manyoftoday’schildrenlacktheimportantsocializinginfluenceofmythsandfairytales.

B.Fairytalesprovidemodelsforhumanfeelingsandarethereforeessentialtothegrowthofchildren.

C.Thebestwaytotameachild’sunconsciousbeingistoallowhimtoexperiencefairytales.

D.Thediminishingimportanceoftheroleoffairytalesinchilddevelopmentexplainstoday’sproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章開頭提到“CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask...(查爾斯?狄更斯,就像那個(gè)時(shí)代世界上數(shù)百萬的孩子一樣,為童話故事所陶醉。他承認(rèn)童話故事中奇妙的人物和事件對(duì)孩子們的成長有著深刻的影響,在他們最困難、最重要、最令人滿意的任務(wù)中,這些人物和事件比其他任何東西都更有幫助……)”,由此可知查爾斯?狄更斯是作者引用的一個(gè)用來說明童話故事對(duì)孩子們的重要性的一個(gè)例子,所以D選項(xiàng)“提供一個(gè)理解童話故事對(duì)孩子重要性的例子”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“引起對(duì)一個(gè)開始寫童話故事的人的注意”;B選項(xiàng)“支持作者對(duì)那些把童話故事改編成電影和電視的人的蔑視”;C選項(xiàng)“論證童話對(duì)作家的形成影響”都不如D選項(xiàng)更符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段提到“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.(這些故事暗示,一個(gè)人即使身處逆境,也能過上美好而有意義的生活。他們承諾,如果一個(gè)人敢于進(jìn)行可怕而費(fèi)力的探索,仁慈的力量將會(huì)來幫助他,他就會(huì)成功。)”,由此可知童話故事大部分都是成功的故事,所以A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)童話故事都是成功的故事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“孩子們從童話中吸取道德教訓(xùn)”;C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)童話故事對(duì)孩子們來說太難理解了”以及D選項(xiàng)“孩子們常常認(rèn)同童話里的人物”該段落都沒有體現(xiàn),因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.(這些故事暗示,一個(gè)人即使身處逆境,也能過上美好而有意義的生活。)”可知B選項(xiàng)“通過獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)生活方式來介紹復(fù)雜的問題”正確;根據(jù)第一段最后一句“achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.(獲得更成熟的意識(shí)來馴服他們無意識(shí)的混亂壓力。)”可知C選項(xiàng)“教孩子們面對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的智慧,以實(shí)現(xiàn)更充實(shí)的生活”正確;根據(jù)最后一段“Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.(這種傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)豐富了孩子們的想象力,激發(fā)了他們的幻想。)”可知D選項(xiàng)“通過生動(dòng)形象的模型來提高孩子的想象力”正確,只有A選項(xiàng)“用孩子們能理解的語言表達(dá)復(fù)雜的問題”文章沒有提及,因此該題應(yīng)選A選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.One

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