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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東第一醫(yī)科大學考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton,accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term,fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthemhearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime,forinstance,remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative,Nelsonsuggests,isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’,thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretellingofthatmuseumtrip,sayisjustthetripitselfinanothermedium,thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根據(jù)這種理論,當他們(即成年人)飛快地“翻閱大腦文件柜”希望通過尋找童年記憶的片斷來支撐這一敘事框架吋,他們找不到任何合適的記憶片斷。

2.她認為,只有通過學習他人對那些經(jīng)歷的描述,從而將自己稍縱即逝的短期記憶變成永久性記憶,兒童才能形成持久的長期記憶。

3.例如,那些母親在臨睡前談論一天的活動的孩子,比那些母親不提供這種小說框架的孩子對于一天的特殊事件記住得更多。

4.納爾遜提出,學會將記憶構(gòu)成一種長期存在的敘述,是形成永久性“自傳式記憶”(即構(gòu)成一個人生平故事的特定記憶)的關(guān)鍵。

5.尤其是兒童必須認識到諸如博物館之旅的復述恰恰也是一次出行,只不過換了一種形式,用言語替代了經(jīng)歷。

2.單選題

Ifyouhaveanyquestionorwanttofurtheryourreading,youcanturntothe()forthesourcesinthisbookandthereferencebooksonthesamesubject.

問題1選項

A.bibliography

B.biography

C.catalog

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bibliography“參考書目;文獻目錄”;B選項biography“傳記;檔案”;C選項catalog“目錄;登記”;D選項category“種類;分類”。句意:如果你有任何問題,或想深化閱讀,可以翻閱……獲得書中的材料的來源和相同主題的參考書。根據(jù)提示詞turnto“翻到”,和后面的forthesourcesinthisbookandthereferencebooksonthesamesubject“獲得書中的材料的來源和相同主題的參考書”。通常文章會將所有引用過的文獻記錄在文獻目錄里。因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

TheBritishpoliticalsystemhasevolvedoverseveralcenturies.

問題1選項

A.improved

B.developed

C.involved

D.survived

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項improved“改進,增加”;B選項developed“發(fā)展,發(fā)達”;C選項involved“涉及,使參與”;D選項survived“幸存,存活”。句意:英國的政治制度是經(jīng)過幾個世紀的演變而成的。此處只有B選項可以最佳貼近“演變”這個含義,因此B選項符合題意。

4.不定項選擇題

“AHARMLESSdrudge.”O(jiān)fthedefinitionsinSamuelJohnson'sgreatEnglishdictionaryof1755,thatof“l(fā)exicographer”,hisowncalling,isthemostfamous,anexampleofthesamewitthatledhimtodefine“oats”as“agrain,whichinEnglandisgenerallygiventohorses,butinScotlandsupportsthepeople”.

Whynamealanguagecolumnafteraharmlessdrudge?BecauseJohnson,despitethedrudgery,knewthatlanguagewasnotharmless.Itspowertoinformandtoleadastray,toentertainandtoannoy,tobuildco-operationordestroyareputation,makeslanguageseriousstuff,TheEconomist's“Johnson”columnbeganin1992andwaslaterrevivedonline.Thisweekitreturnstotheprintedition,andhenceforthwillappearfortnightly.

Manyofthetopicstackledarefun:swearingandslang,preferencesandpeeves.Somearemorefundamental.Languagerevealsalotabouthumannature:howpeoplereasondifferentlyinaforeignlanguage,ortowhatextentdifferentlanguagesencodeaworldview,aresomeofthemostexcitingandcontroversialtopicsinlinguisticresearch.

Peoplecareintenselyabouttheirlanguage,andsolanguageinthewiderworldsometimescomesintoconflict.TheperceivedarroganceofCastilianstoCatalanthreatenstosunderSpain;“l(fā)anguagepolice”inQuebectellrestaurantownerstochange“pasta”and“grilledcheese”patesandfromaefondant.Attheextreme,thepassageofalawdowngradingRussianinUkrainehelpssparkwarinthatcountry;VladimirPutinhasuseditasevidencethatUkrainiannationalistsarebentonwipingoutRussianculturethere.Thewarhasrumbledonsince,withlanguagethemostobvioussymbolofwideridentityandsympathy.

SotheJohnsoncolumntreatstopicslightandheavyaswellaslanguagebothEnglishandinternational.Alanguagecolumnisexpectedtotacklequestionsofrightandwrong.Thereareroughlytwoviewsofhowtodothis:onetop-down,basedonauthority,prestige,writingandstability;onebottom-up,restingonhowmostpeopleactuallyusethelanguage,andopentochange.

Thetwoschoolsofthought,knownas“prescriptivism”(whichsetsdownhowthelanguageshouldbe)and“descriptivism”(whichtellshowitis),haveoftenbeenatdaggersdrawn:Englishteachersandsomeusage-bookwritersononeside,andacademiclinguists,lexicographersandotherusage-bookwritersontheother.Inthecaricature,prescriptivistsareauthoritarianswiththeirheadsinthesand,insistingonVictorian-eranon-rules.Thedescriptivistsaremockedas“anything-is-correct",embracingeveryfad,eventhatShakespeareshouldbetaughtintext-message-speak.

Anintellectualwritingforaneliteaudience,SamuelJohnsondidnotshyawayfrom“right”and“wrong”,even“barbarity”,“depravity”and“corruption”,inmattersoflanguage.Buthedeclaredhistaskwasnotto“form”butto“register”(thatis,describe)thelanguage;tryingtostopchangewasliketryingto“l(fā)ashthewind”.Aboveall,hisyearsofdrudgingatthedictionaryhadtaughthimhumility:heknewhewassuretocommit“afewwildblunders,andvisibleabsurdities,fromwhichnoworkofsuchmultiplicitywaseverfree”.

Prescribingisnotreallytheoppositeofdescribing.LexicographersfromJohnson'sdayonmustdescribethelanguage,groundingtheirdefinitionsinreallivingEnglish.Butthatisinordertogivestrongerrootstoabooktheyknowpeoplewilluseforfirmguidance.Academiclinguists,thearch-descriptivists,areperfectlywillingtocallsomeusageswrongandothersplainugly.

1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutSamuelJohnsonaccordingtothepassage?

2.Whyislanguageseriousstuffaccordingtothepassage?

3.FromPara4,theauthorhaslistedtheconflictscausedbylanguageinthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT().

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.SamuelJohnsononcecompiledagreatEnglishdictionary.

B.SamuelJohnsondefinedoatsasagrainwhichisgenerallygiventohorsesinEnglandbutsupportsthepeopleinScotland.

C.SamuelJohnsondefinedlexicographerasaharmlessdrudge.

D.SamuelJohnsonknewthatlanguagewasharmless.

問題2選項

A.Ithaspowertoinformandtoleadastray.

B.Ithaspowertoentertainandtoannoy.

C.Ithaspowertobuildcooperationordestroyareputation.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題3選項

A.Ukraine

B.Canada

C.Quebec

D.Spain

問題4選項

A.TheEconomist's“Johnson”columnbegunin1992treatsdifferenttopicsindifferentlanguages.

B.Bothprescriptivistsanddescriptivistsaremockedintheacademicarticles.

C.Tryingtostopchangeinlanguagewasliketryingto“l(fā)ashthewind”.

D.LexicographersfromJohnson'sdayonmustgroundtheirdefinitionsinreallivingEnglish.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutSamuelJohnsonaccordingtothepassage?1.根據(jù)文章,關(guān)于塞繆爾?約翰遜,下列哪個選項是錯誤的?

A.SamuelJohnsononcecompiledagreatEnglishdictionary.A.塞繆爾?約翰遜曾編過一本偉大的英語詞典。

B.SamuelJohnsondefinedoatsasagrainwhichisgenerallygiventohorsesinEnglandbutsupportsthepeopleinScotland.B.塞繆爾?約翰遜將燕麥定義為一種谷物,這種谷物在英格蘭通常用來喂馬,但在蘇格蘭卻可以養(yǎng)活人民。

C.SamuelJohnsondefinedlexicographerasaharmlessdrudge.C.塞繆爾?約翰遜把詞典編纂者定義為無害的苦工。

D.SamuelJohnsonknewthatlanguagewasharmless.D.塞繆爾?約翰遜知道語言是無害的。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“因為盡管約翰遜的工作很辛苦,但他知道語言并非無害(languagewasnotharmless)”,理解可知,“語言并非無害”即“語言是有害的”,所以D項與原文相反。該題選擇D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A選項“塞繆爾?約翰遜曾編過一本偉大的英語詞典”、B選項“塞繆爾?約翰遜將燕麥定義為一種谷物,這種谷物在英格蘭通常用來喂馬,但在蘇格蘭卻可以養(yǎng)活人民”和C選項“塞繆爾?約翰遜把詞典編纂者定義為無害的苦工”符合原文第一段“1755年塞繆爾?約翰遜的《英語大詞典》中對‘無害的苦力’的定義中,‘詞典編纂者’的定義是最著名的,也是一個機智的例子,使他將‘燕麥’定義為‘一種谷物,在英格蘭通常是給馬吃的,但在蘇格蘭是給人吃的’”的內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whyislanguageseriousstuffaccordingtothepassage?2.根據(jù)文章,為什么語言是嚴肅的東西?

A.Ithaspowertoinformandtoleadastray.A.它有提供信息和誤導的力量。

B.Ithaspowertoentertainandtoannoy.B.它既有娛樂的力量,也有騷擾的力量。

C.Ithaspowertobuildcooperationordestroyareputation.C.它有能力建立合作,也有能力摧毀聲譽。

D.Alloftheabove.D.以上都是。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞seriousstuff定位至原文第二段第三句“它既能提供信息,也能誤導人,既能娛樂,也能惹怒人,既能建立合作關(guān)系,也能毀掉聲譽,這使得語言變得嚴肅起來”,理解可知,因為語言的雙面性使得它成為一個嚴肅的事情。D選項“以上都是”完整地概括了原文的信息,該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“它有提供信息和誤導的力量”、B選項“它既有娛樂的力量,也有騷擾的力量”和C選項“它有能力建立合作,也有能力摧毀聲譽”根據(jù)解題思路可知,總結(jié)不全面,以偏概全。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.FromPara4,theauthorhaslistedtheconflictscausedbylanguageinthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT______.3.在第4段中,作者列舉了除______以外的以下國家因語言而引起的沖突。

A.UkraineA.烏克蘭

B.CanadaB.加拿大

C.QuebecC.魁北克

D.SpainD.西班牙

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段,該段提到“卡斯提爾人對加泰羅尼亞人的傲慢威脅著西班牙的分裂;魁北克的‘語言警察’要求餐館老板更換‘意大利面’和‘烤奶酪’餡餅和方旦糖。在極端情況下,通過一項降低俄羅斯在烏克蘭地位的法律,有助于在該國引發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭……”,從中可知,烏克蘭、加拿大和西班牙這三個國家都有提到,而魁北克是加拿大的一個城市,不是國家,所以該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“烏克蘭”、B選項“加拿大”和D選項“西班牙”都有提到,屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthepassage?4.文章中沒有提到下列哪項?

A.TheEconomist’s“Johnson”columnbegunin1992treatsdifferenttopicsindifferentlanguages.A.《經(jīng)濟學人》的“約翰遜”專欄始于1992年,用不同的語言探討了不同的話題。

B.Bothprescriptivistsanddescriptivistsaremockedintheacademicarticles.B.規(guī)范主義者和描述主義者都在學術(shù)文章中遭到嘲笑。

C.Tryingtostopchangeinlanguagewasliketryingto“l(fā)ashthewind”.C.試圖阻止語言的變化就像試圖“鞭策風”。

D.LexicographersfromJohnson’sdayonmustgroundtheirdefinitionsinreallivingEnglish.D.從約翰遜時代起,詞典編纂者們的定義必須以現(xiàn)實生活中的英語為基礎(chǔ)。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第六段最后兩句“在漫畫中,規(guī)范主義者是躲在沙子里的威權(quán)主義者,堅持維多利亞時代的無規(guī)則。這些描述主義者被嘲笑為‘一切都是正確的’,他們擁抱每一種時尚,甚至認為莎士比亞應該用短信用語來教授?!?,從中可知,規(guī)范主義者和描述主義者是在漫畫中被嘲諷,而不是在學術(shù)文章中,所以B選項“規(guī)范主義者和描述主義者都在學術(shù)文章中遭到嘲笑”不符合原文,該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“《經(jīng)濟學人》的‘約翰遜’專欄始于1992年,用不同的語言探討了不同的話題”定位第二段第二句“……《經(jīng)濟學人》的‘約翰遜’專欄始于1992年……”,以及第三段前兩句“很多話題都很有趣:臟話和俚語,喜好和煩惱。有些是更基本的?!?,理解可知,A項正確,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“試圖阻止語言的變化就像試圖‘鞭策風’”定位至倒數(shù)第二段第二句“……試圖阻止改變就像試圖鞭策風’”,可知該項屬于反向干擾;

D選項“從約翰遜時代起,詞典編纂者們的定義必須以現(xiàn)實生活中的英語為基礎(chǔ)”定位至最后一段第二句“從約翰遜時代起,詞典編纂者就必須以真實的英語為基礎(chǔ)來描述這種語言”,可知該項也屬于反向干擾。

5.翻譯題

中華民族歷來尊重人的尊嚴和價值。還在遙遠的古代,我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想,認為“天生萬物,唯人為貴”。一切社會的發(fā)展和進步,都取決于人的發(fā)展和進步,取決于人的尊嚴的維護和價值的發(fā)揮。今天中國所煥發(fā)出來的巨大活力,是中國人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動寫照。

今天,中國人民堅持走自己的路,進行經(jīng)濟政治文化建設(shè),把祖國建設(shè)成為一個初步繁榮昌盛的社會主義國家。同時,積極吸收和借鑒世界一切先進的文明成果,這些成果對于中國的發(fā)展也起了重要的促進作用。當然,這種對外國文明的吸收和借鑒決不能是簡單的模仿。中國既不能照抄西方資本主義國家的發(fā)展模式,也不能硬搬其他國家建設(shè)社會主義的模式,而必須走適合自己國情的發(fā)展道路。這就是建設(shè)有中國特色的社會主義的道路。中國人民將堅定不移地沿著這條強國之路走下去。

【答案】TheChineseNationhasalwaysrespectedhumandignityandvalue.Evenintheancienttimes,ourancestorscameupwiththeideathat“peoplearethemostimportant.”Andtheybelievedthat“humansarethemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatHeavenfosters.”Developmentandprogressofasocietyhingeonthedevelopmentandprogressofhumans,anddependonhowwellhumandignityismaintainedandhowwellhumanvalueisrealized.TheimmensevitalitydisplayedbyChinatoday,isavividreflectionoftheextensivefreedomanddemocracyenjoyedbyChinesepeople.

Today,Chinesepeoplearestickingtotheirownroadtopursuethedevelopmentofeconomy,politicsandculture,turningourmotherlandintoasocialistcountrywithinitialprosperity.Meanwhile,wehaveearnestlyabsorbedanddrawnuponfruitsofadvancedworldcivilization,whichinturnhavegreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofChina.However,itmustbepointedoutthatsuchabsorptionandlearningprocessisbynomeansoneofsimpleimitation.ChinacannotcopythedevelopmentmodelofWesterncapitalistcountries,norcanitmechanicallyfollowothercountries’modelsofbuildingsocialism.Onthecontrary,wemustfollowadevelopmentroadthatissuitedtoournationalconditions.Thatis,theroadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.TheChinesepeoplewillmoveforwardunswervinglyalongthisroad.

6.翻譯題

1.Wheneducationfailstokeeppacewithtechnology,theresultisinequality.Withouttheskillstostayusefulasinnovationsarrive,workerssuffer—andifenoughofthemfallbehind,societystartstofallapart.ThatfundamentalinsightseizedreformersintheIndustrialRevolution,heraldingstate-fundeduniversalschooling.Later,automationinfactoriesandofficescalledforthasurgeincollegegraduates.Thecombinationofeducationandinnovation,spreadoverdecades,ledtoaremarkablefloweringofprosperity.Todayroboticsandartificialintelligencecallforanothereducationrevolution.

【答案】1.當教育跟不上科技的發(fā)展,結(jié)果就是不公平。科技創(chuàng)新到來之時,如果工人的技術(shù)不再有用,他們就會吃虧,而當被淘汰的工人太多時,社會就會開始分裂。在工業(yè)革命時期,當時的改革者們抓住了這種基本的觀點,隨之帶來的就是由國家出資的全民教育。后來,工業(yè)和辦公自動化又帶來了大學生的激增。數(shù)十年來,教育和科技創(chuàng)新的結(jié)合,造就了令人矚目的繁榮之花。今天,機器人和人工智能呼吁著另一場教育變革。

7.單選題

Recentsuccesseshave(

)thefactthatthecompanyisstillintrouble.

問題1選項

A.distinguished

B.revised

C.obscured

D.dissected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。distinguish“區(qū)分”;revise“修改”;obscure“掩蓋,隱藏”;dissect“仔細分析”。句意:最近的成功掩蓋了公司還處在麻煩中的事實。選項C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?

Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.

Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.

Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformersheroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.

Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomtheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?

【答案】【參考譯文】

就像大多數(shù)我的同齡人一樣,我也有英雄崇拜的弱點。然而,在某些時候,我們都開始質(zhì)疑我們的英雄,以及我們究竟是否需要他們。這讓我們不禁發(fā)問:什么是英雄?

盡管文化差異巨大,但世界各地的英雄通常都有一些共同的特點,那就是他們可以指導和激勵人們。

英雄總會做一些值得談論的事。英雄有要講出來的冒險故事,有愿意傾聽的團體。但英雄不僅僅是一個名號。

英雄服務于比自己更強大的力量或原則。就像高壓變壓器一樣,英雄將更高的能量向下拉,于是普通人就可以使用。

英雄的生活值得模仿。那些模仿真正英雄的人會以新的深度、熱情和意義體驗生活。對于想要成為英雄的人,需要問為什么或為誰服務?愿意為什么而生,為什么而死?如果答案或證據(jù)表明他們只為自己的名聲服務,他們可能是名人,但不是英雄。麥當娜和邁克爾?杰克遜都很有名,但誰會說他們的粉絲因此而發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活更加豐盛呢?

9.單選題

Astheyattemptedtoboardthevessel,Israelisecurityguardsonboardopenedfirewithpistols,forcingthepiratesto_______.

問題1選項

A.revolt

B.restore

C.retrieve

D.retreat

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.revolt叛逆,違抗B.restore恢復(某種情況或感受)

C.retrieve取回,索回D.retreat退卻,撤退;離開

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】pirates和橫線處構(gòu)成主謂搭配關(guān)系,指的是以色列保安人員用手槍逼迫海盜_____,retreat符合語境,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合語境。

【句意】當他們試圖登船時,船上的以色列保安人員用手槍開火,迫使海盜撤退。

10.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas(

)withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問題1選項

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”;afflict“折磨”;induce“誘導”;infect“感染”。句意:這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病,如果沒有適當?shù)闹委煟蜁适б暳?,很快就會殘廢。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Ifeelthatwemustrespectthispointofviewandaccepttheconvictionofthemanypeoplewhoholdit,becausethatishowtheyfeelaboutlifeandmorality.

問題1選項

A.belief

B.culpability

C.offense

D.therapy

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我認為我們必須尊重這一觀點,并接受許多持這種觀點的人的……,因為這是他們對生活和道德的看法。后句原因中說明劃線詞代表一種看法。A選項belief“信念;信仰”;B選項culpability“有罪;有過失”;C選項offense“犯罪;過錯”;D選項therapy“治療;療法”。與“看法”相符合的只有A選項。

12.單選題

Imusttakethiswatchtoberepaired:it()overtwentyminutesaday.

問題1選項

A.increases

B.progresses

C.accelerates

D.gains

【答案】D

【解析】increases增加,增大;progresses進展,進步;accelerates加速,促進;gains獲得,增加,在這里指鐘表走得太快,相當于movetoofast。句意:我必須把這塊表拿去修理,它每天要多走二十多分鐘。

13.單選題

16-20

問題1選項

A.Becausehehaddifficultyswallowingit.

B.Becauseitwasupsettinghisstomach.

C.Becausehewasallergictoit.

D.Becauseitwastooexpensive.

問題2選項

A.Hecan’tplaysocceranymore.

B.Hehasaseriousfootproblem.

C.Heneedsanoperation.

D.Hehascancer.

問題3選項

A.Abloodtransfusion.

B.Anallergytest.

C.Aurinetest..

D.Abiopsy.

問題4選項

A.Toseeifhehascancer.

B.Toseeifhehasdepression.

C.Toseeifherequiressurgery.

D.Toseeifhehasfoodallergyproblem.

問題5選項

A.Relieved.

B.Anxious.

C.Angry.

D.Depressed.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】W:Hi,Patrick,howareyoufeelingtoday?

M:Abitbetter.

W:That’sgoodtohear.Areyoustillfeelingnausea?

M:No.(16)Ihaven’tfeltsicktomystomachsinceyouswitchedmymedication.

W.Great,say,yourtestresultcamethismorning

M:It’sabouttime.Isitgoodnewsorbad?

W:Iguessit'sabitofboth.Whichdoyouwantfirst?

M:Let’sgetthebadnewsoverwith.

W:OK.(17)Itlookslikeyouaregoingtoneedsurgerytoremoveyourtumorfromyourleg.Aftertheoperationyou’regoingtohavetostayoffyourfeetforatleast3weeks.Thatmeansnosoccer.

M:Well,Iwasafraidyouweregoingtosaythat.

W:Now.Forthegoodnews.(18)Thebiopsyshowsthetumorisbenignwhichmeansitisnotcancerous.We’regoingtotakeitoutanyway,justtobeonthesafeside.

M:(20)Wow,that’saloadoffmymind.Thanksdoctor.

W:Don’tgettooexcited,westillneedtogettothebottomofallthiswayofloathing...

M:Iprobablyhavejustbeensoworriedaboutstupidlump.

W:Thesethingsoftenarestress-related,butwe’restillgoingtodoafewbloodtestsjusttoruleafewthingsout.

M:Thingslikewhat?Cancer?

W:(19)Actually,Iamthinkingmorealongthelineoffoodallergy.

16.Whatdidthemanhavetoswitchthemedication?

【解析】病人說胃里很惡心(upset),因此醫(yī)生考慮要換藥(switchthemedication)。故本題答案為B。

17.Whatisthebadnewsfortheman?

【解析】醫(yī)生說“Thatmeansnosoccer”,即不能踢球,但并非永遠不能再踢球,而是3個星期沒法踢球。導致這個結(jié)果的原因是該病人腿部需要做一個手術(shù)。因此本題正確答案為C。

18.Whatmedicalprocedureshavethemanalreadyundergone?

【解析】通過對話內(nèi)容可知,病人已經(jīng)做了biopsy(活檢)。因此本題答案為D。

19.Whydidthedoctoraskthemantotakeafewbloodtests?

【解析】醫(yī)生告訴病人還需要做幾個血液化驗,來排除過敏(allergy)的問題。因此本題答案為D。

20.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheman’sfeelingintheend?

【解析】醫(yī)生說“Thebeltshowsthetumorisbenignwhichmeansitisnotcancerous.We’regoingtotakeitoutanyway,justtobeonasafeside.”病人排除了惡性腫瘤等問題,應該是比較放松的。因此本題答案為A。

14.單選題

Nomatterhowfrequently(

),theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.

問題1選項

A.performed

B.performing

C.tobeperformed

D.beingperformed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:不管貝多芬的作品演奏多頻繁,都能吸引大量的觀眾。

語法題??疾閯釉~時態(tài)語態(tài)。perform與主語theworksofBeethoven在逆輯上是動賓關(guān)系,且“演奏”與句子謂語“吸引”沒有時間上的先后順序,用過去分詞作狀語。Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed是省略了be動詞are。故選A。

15.單選題

Thereportmentionedthatsomeimportantpeoplehadattendedtheclosing().

問題1選項

A.surgeon

B.suspicion

C.ceremony

D.target

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。surgeon外科;suspicion懷疑;ceremony儀式;target目標。句意:這篇報道提到一些重量級人物參加了此次閉幕式。選項C符合句意。

16.單選題

Todayinthetechno-societiesthereisanalmostironcladconsensusaboutthefutureoffreedom.Maximumindividualchoiceisregardedasthedemocraticideal.Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture,inwhichpeopleappearasmindlessconsumercreatures,surroundedbystandardizedgoods,educatedinstandardizedschools,fedadietofstandardizedmassculture,andforcedtoadoptstandardizedstylesoflife.

Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.OneofthemostextremeofthereisaFrenchreligiousmystic,JacquesEllul,whosebooksareenjoyingacampusvogue.AccordingtoEllul,manwasfarfreerinthepastwhen“Choicewasarealpossibilityforhim.”Bycontrast,today,thehumanbeingis“nolongerinanysensetheagentofchoice.”And,asfortomorrow,“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice.”Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.Hewilllive,Ellulwarns,inatotalitarianstaterunbyavelvet-glovedGestapo.

ThissamethemethelossofchoicerunsthroughmuchoftheworkofArnoldToynbee.ItisrepeatedbyeveryonefromhippiegurustoSupremeCourtjustices,tabloideditorialistsandexistentialistphilosophers.Putinitssimplestform,thetheoryofVanishingChoicerestsonacrudesyllogism:scienceandtechnologyhavefosteredstandardization.Scienceandtechnologywilladvance,makingthefutureevenmorestandardizedthanthepresent.Ergo,manwillprogressivelylosehisfreedomofchoice.

Ifinsteadofblindlyacceptingthissyllogism,westoptoanalyzeit,however,wemakeanextraordinarydiscovery.Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.

Certainly,itwouldbedifficulttodenythatindustrialismhashadalevelingeffect.Ourabilitytoproducemillionsofnearlyidenticalunitsitthegrowingachievementoftheindustrialage.Thus,whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.

Inthesamebreath,however,theyrevealshockingignoranceaboutthecharacterofsuper-industrialism.Focusedonwhatsocietywas,theyareblindedtowhatitisfastbecoming,forthesocietyofthefuturewilloffernotarestricted,standardizedflowofgoods,butthegreatestvarietyofunstandardizedgoodsandservicesanysocietyhaseverseen.Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.

Theendofstandardizationisalreadyinsight.However,thepacevariesfromindustrytoindustry,andfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepredictionsaboutthefuturemadebymanywriters,intheauthor’sopinion,are().

2.TheauthorgivestheworksofJacquesEllulandArnoldToynbeeasexamplestoprovethat().

3.Bysaying“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice”(Paragraph2),Ellulimpliesthathe(man)().

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardintellectualsinParagraph5and6isoneof().

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.pleasing

D.reasonable

問題2選項

A.agenerationoffuturewillbecomehatersandtechnophobes

B.scienceandtechnologywillcertainlyadvance

C.manwillgraduallylosehisfreedomofchoice

D.scienceandtechnologywillmakethefuturemorestandardized

問題3選項

A.willrecordwhatotherpeoplesayandthenfollowthem

B.willimitateotherpeoplewhenhetakesactions

C.candowhateverhewishes

D.candonothingbutfollowothers

問題4選項

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問題5選項

A.Peopleinthefuturewilleventuallylosealloftheirfreedom.

B.Thesocietyofthefuturewillbecomemorestandardized.

C.Standardizationwilltakeapredominantpositioninthesocietyofthefuture.

D.Thesocietyofthefuturewillhaveadialecticaleffectofbothstandardizationandunstandardization.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture…”,可知大多數(shù)作家預測,我們將離這一理想越來越遠。他們對未來產(chǎn)生了一種黑暗的幻想??膳袛喑鲎骷覍ξ磥淼念A測是悲觀的。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句,“Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.”,可知正如人們可能預期的那樣,這樣的預測催生了未來一代的仇恨者和技術(shù)恐懼癥患者。這是一個總的結(jié)論,作者在下文舉了JacquesEllul的例子來證明此觀點。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.”,可知人們被剝奪了選擇的機會,他的行動會變得被動??膳袛喑鋈藗冏兊脹]有主動權(quán),只會跟隨別人。選項D符合題意。

4.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第五段,“Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.”,可知因為不僅邏輯本身有缺陷,整個想法忽視了自然事實、超級工業(yè)革命的意義和方向。又根據(jù)第六段,“whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.”,可知當知識分子哀嘆我們的物質(zhì)生活千篇一律時,他們所反應的是那些工業(yè)落后的國家??膳袛喑鲎髡邔χR分子持強烈反對的態(tài)度。選項A符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.”,可知我們不是正在走向物質(zhì)標準化,而是走向?qū)ξ镔|(zhì)標準化的辯證否定??膳袛喑鑫磥淼纳鐣袠藴驶头菢藴驶霓q證影響。選項D符合題意。

17.單選題

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto(

)youranger.

問題1選項

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。holdback“隱藏,退縮,抑制”;holdon“緊緊抓住,不掛斷電話”;holdout“堅持,伸出,提供”;holdup“舉起,阻擋”。句意:如果你們都能克制住自己的怒火,這場爭吵本來是可以避免的。A項符合題意。

18.單選題

Much(

)IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問題1選項

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查連詞辨析。while雖然;as同樣;muchas表示雖然,即使;since既然;for為了。句意:盡管我喜歡Jane,但我討厭她有時跟我說話高傲的語氣。由like和hated可知,這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故答案B

19.單選題

Thegirlchosesomeverypretty()paperforthepresent.

問題1選項

A.covering

B.wrapping

C.packing

D.collecting

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項covering“覆蓋物”;B選項wrapping“包裝紙”;C選項pa

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