考研考博-英語-無錫科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-無錫科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問題1選項

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.defendanunpopularideology

問題2選項

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問題3選項

A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.”，SarahEisenstein在其未完成但極具啟發(fā)性的文章中，關(guān)注了從本世紀(jì)初到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間職業(yè)女性價值觀的演變?？膳袛喑霰酒恼聦ε匝芯康南嚓P(guān)話題展開討論。下文緊接著提到了愛森斯坦在職業(yè)和工作對女性的影響問題的研究。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.”，愛森斯坦未完成的研究沒有充分深入或詳細地發(fā)展這些觀點，只提供了令人感興趣的線索，而沒有詳盡的分析?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J為愛森斯坦對女性的研究是不充分的，所以本篇文章的目的就是為了對女性研究的方法進行評估。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”，愛森斯坦認為，世紀(jì)初的女性既沒有完全接受也沒有拒絕所謂的“家庭生活”的主導(dǎo)意識形態(tài)，而是接受了這種意識形態(tài)和其他可用的意識形態(tài)——女權(quán)主義、社會主義、工會主義——并根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗和需要對它們進行修改或調(diào)整?？膳袛喑雠灾唤邮苤髁饕庾R形態(tài)的某些方面，而不是全部。選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.”，愛森斯坦未完成的研究沒有充分深入或詳細地發(fā)展這些觀點，提供了令人感興趣的線索，而不是詳盡的分析。不管愛森斯坦的總體計劃是什么，以她目前的研究形式來看，她所依賴的資料來源有限?？膳袛喑鰧凵固寡芯康睦^續(xù)需要收集各種資料，做更加詳盡的分析，所以世紀(jì)初典型工薪階層的女性的書信和日記進行分析很有可能是愛森斯坦研究的繼續(xù)，選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Alllivingorganismsconstantlyabsorbcarbon14______theirexistence.

問題1選項

A.out

B.about

C.around

D.throughout

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項out“向外”，B項about“大約，關(guān)于”，C項around“圍繞”，D項throughout“自始至終，遍及”。句意：所有生物在其生存過程中都會不斷地吸收碳14。因此D項正確。

3.單選題

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

問題1選項

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

問題2選項

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

問題3選項

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

問題4選項

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

問題5選項

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。整個文章從吉爾伯特第一次嘗試殖民北美到最后英國成功殖民北美的過程，所以C選項“殖民北美的早期嘗試”正確。A選項“貿(mào)易公司的管理”和B選項“英國和西班牙在新世界的競爭”不是表達的重點。D選項“皇家專利頒發(fā)于16世紀(jì)”錯誤，這個是伊麗莎白女王允許吉爾伯特到北美的專利。因此C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英國第一次殖民北美的嘗試是由個人而不是公司控制的。），可知他們自己決定怎樣行動，D選項“他們自主行動”正確。A選項“伊麗莎白女王要求他們這樣做”：根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次遠征是在1578年，并獲得了伊麗莎白女王授予的專利權(quán)），可知不是伊麗莎白女王要求的，故錯誤。B選項“他們是大型貿(mào)易公司的成員”文中沒有提到。C選項“他們很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分別進行了兩次嘗試，都失敗了，可知進展不順利，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次遠征……被西班牙擊退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次嘗試于1583年以災(zāi)難告終，當(dāng)時吉爾伯特和他的船在一場風(fēng)暴中喪生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交戰(zhàn)，而非兩次，吉爾伯特死于1583年，故C選項“他和西班牙人打了兩次仗”和D選項“他死于1587年”錯誤；吉爾伯特兩次以失敗告終，沒有到達北美，A選項“他從未在北美定居”符合題意。B選項“他的貿(mào)易公司被女王授予了專利權(quán)”：根據(jù)第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士獲得了專利的續(xù)期。），可知是個人而非公司得到專利權(quán)，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在羅阿諾克建立第一個殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國），可知B選項“一些人沒有存活下來”正確。A選項“他們探索了整個沿海地區(qū)”和C選項“他們把這個地區(qū)命名為弗吉尼亞”：根據(jù)文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士……贊助了一次探險，探索他稱之為“弗吉尼亞”的地區(qū)的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亞是沃特?羅利叫的，而不是大家這么叫，也沒有探索整個沿海地區(qū)。不符合文章內(nèi)容。和D選項“大多數(shù)人都沒有經(jīng)驗”文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

5.語義推測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在羅阿諾克建立第一個殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國，但第二批殖民者消失得無影無蹤。），可知第一批殖民者回到英國，第二批殖民者不知道具體情況，C選項“在那里的居民命運未知”正確，A選項“在那里的定居者都放棄了，回到了英國”錯誤。B選項“持續(xù)了好幾年”和D選項“被西班牙人征服”文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

TheancientChinesethoughtcometswerecelestialbroomswieldedbythegodstosweeptheheavensfreeofevil.IntheWesttheywerebelievedtopresagethefallofJerusalem,thedeathofmonarchsandsuchanomaliesastwo-headedcalves.TheNormanConquestofEnglandwasattributedtothe1006flybyofHalley’s,history’smostfamouscomet,whichhasbeenlinkedtoeverythingfromJuliusCaesar’sassassinationtothedefeatofAttilatheHun.ToldthatEarthwouldpassthroughHalley’stailduringits1910visit,manyAmericanspanickedandboughtgasmasksand“cometpills.”

AlanHalecallsthesewavesoffearandmysticism“cometmadness,”andascodiscovererofCometHale-Bopp,he’sseenmorethanhisshare.Eversincehisfindwasannounced,hehasbeeninundatedwithinquiries,pronouncementsandaccusationsfromthecometaryfringe.

Halehasfoundthatthearrivalofamajorcomet—especiallysoneartheendofamillennium—isstillwidelyregardedasanomenofupheavalanddisasterSeveralChristianFundamentalists,hewritesinthecurrentissueofSkepticalInquirer,haveproclaimedHale-Bopptobeoneofthe“signsoftheendtimes”foretoldintheNewTestament.TheyalsosuggestthatthecometmightbetheobjectdescribedinRevelation8:10asagreatstarnamedWormwoodthat“fellfromheaven,blazinglikeatorch.”Wormwood,accordingtotheBible,destroysathirdofalmosteverything:people,land,riversandseas.Othersclaimthatthecometissomekindofalienmothership“underintelligentcontrol.”

SpeculationreachedafeverpitchlastNovemberwhenChuckShramek,anamateurastronomerbasedinHouston,Texas,announcedonaU.S.radiotalkshowthathehadphotographeda“Satum-likeobject”thatseemedtobefollowinginHale-Bopp'swake.Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevatedHale-BoppfantasiesfromsupermarkettabloidstothemainstreampressandgeneratedthousandsofpoststomessageboardsandastronomyhomepagesontheInternet.Onefast-spreadingrumorhaditthattheobjectwasanalienspacecraftfourtimesthesizeofEarth.

Halewasbarragedwithreporters’queries,andinanefforttocalmthereporters,heinvestigatedShramek’sphotographanddeterminedthatthe“object”initwasanordinaryeighth-magnitudestar.AfterpostinghisconclusionsontheNet,HalebecamethetargetofafloodofhateE-mail,muchofitaccusinghimofbeingpartofaconspiracytosuppressthetruenatureofHale-Bopp.

Haleacknowledgesthatitwasonlynaturalforourancestorstobeapprehensiveaboutthefieryapparitionsinthenightsky.Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.“Iaskreaderstotreatalltheseirresponsiblereportswiththedisdaintheydeserve,”hesays,“andinsteadenjoythebeautyofthecometforitsownsake,”

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）

2.AlanHale’sattitudetowardshiscontemporaryastronomers’sreportsaboutnewlydiscoveredcometsis（）

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Judgingbythecontext,theword“inundated”inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）

問題1選項

A.Comets,OmensofDisasters

B.TheDiscoveryofCometHale-Bopp

C.AlanHale,AGreatAstronomer

D.CrazyaboutComets

問題2選項

A.contemptuous

B.unconcerned

C.liberal

D.positive

問題3選項

A.ThereareavarietyofexplanationsofComet-Bopp.

B.IntheWest,cometsareregardedasomensofupheavalsanddisasters.

C.AlanHalehasdiscoveredmanyothercometsexceptcometHale-Bopp.

D.ManypeoplewerenotsatisfiedbyAlanHale’sinterpretationofChuckShramek’sfind.

問題4選項

A.relished

B.overwhelmed

C.charged

D.deprived

問題5選項

A.ChuckShramek’sclaimcausedagreatpublicconcernandinterest

B.AlanHaleisnotfondofE-mail

C.Fewastronomersaresuperstitious

D.MostAmericansarenotimpressionable

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首段提到西方人們對彗星的恐懼，接下來主要講了天文學(xué)家Hale對彗星的研究以及受到人們的指控。所以選項C更符合本文主題。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.”但他對當(dāng)代的天文學(xué)家們沒有耐心，他認為他們應(yīng)該知道得更多。由此推斷，Hale

的是輕蔑的。選項A正確。unconcerned不關(guān)心的；liberal慷慨的；positive積極的。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文中只提到Hale發(fā)現(xiàn)了波普彗星，但沒有說發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多其他的彗星，所以選項C表述錯誤。

4.詞義題。根據(jù)原文：自從他宣布了自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)，他就被各種調(diào)查、聲明和指控淹沒了。選項B符合原文。relished品味；charged被指控；deprived被剝奪。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段的倒數(shù)第二句“Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevated...ontheInternet.”Shramek令人窒息的聲明將Comet-Bopp的幻想從超市小報提升到了主流媒體，并在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的留言板和天文學(xué)主頁上發(fā)布了數(shù)千條帖子。選項A符合原文。

5.不定項選擇題

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.

Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout（）.

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.10

B.40

C.30

D.50

問題2選項

A.disagree

B.separate

C.arrange

D.concern

問題3選項

A.ANewResearchCouncil

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation

C.TheMedicalOrganizations

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration

問題4選項

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

問題5選項

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.（……每年約有10名兒童在乘坐大型校車時死亡，而在校車外裝載區(qū)的死亡人數(shù)幾乎是這個數(shù)字的4倍。），可知B選項“40”正確；A,C,D選項不符合題意。因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強制使用）由安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強制使用人們存在兩種意見，則A選項“不同意；不一致；爭執(zhí)”正確；B選項“分開的；單獨的；分離，分開；隔開；分手；可搭配穿著的單件衣服；抽印本；獨立音響設(shè)備；土壤劃分”，C選項“安排；排列；整理”以及D選項“擔(dān)心，憂慮；關(guān)愛，關(guān)心；關(guān)心的事，負責(zé)的事；涉及；使擔(dān)心”錯誤。因此A選項符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977（反對系安全帶的人建議說，按照1977年國家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校車已經(jīng)很好地保護了孩子們）可以判斷出D選項“國家公路交通安全管理局”符合題意，最大程度上的校車安全控制在于國家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive（一份新的研究委員會關(guān)于校車安全的報告建議，有替代的安全裝置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A選項“一個新的研究委員會”只是提出建議，不符合題目；B選項“運輸部”錯誤，原文并沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長和醫(yī)療機構(gòu)）可以得知C選項“醫(yī)療機構(gòu)”只是贊成在校車上系上安全帶，不符合題意；因此D選項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts（例如，研究委員會建議，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全帶一樣安全）可以得知C選項“可以考慮使用替代安全裝置（將座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合題意；據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長和醫(yī)療機構(gòu)）可以得知A選項“許多反對安裝安全帶的人是家長和交通部的官員”不符合題意；全文只是描述人們對于校車安全提出的兩個不同的建議，并不能看出哪個建議會被認真考慮，故B選項“校車系安全帶的建議會被認真考慮”不符合題意；D選項“當(dāng)運輸部審查整個情況，它可能采取安全帶的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要就如何讓校車更安全進行探討，再根據(jù)第二段中心句Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（雖然校車事故的數(shù)量并不多，但兒童的安全一直是公眾高度關(guān)注的問題。雖然每個人都希望看到兒童安全運輸，但對于需要做些什么，人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強制使用）可以得知A選項“讓校車對孩子們更安全”符合題意。B選項“校車上需要安全帶”以及C選項“備用安全裝置和程序”都是文章中對于如何讓校車對孩子更安全的觀點提出來的方法；D選項“校車內(nèi)外的安全”雖然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描寫的內(nèi)容，下文并沒有提及，排除；因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

問題1選項

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問題2選項

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問題3選項

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問題4選項

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全專家說，問題既不是金錢，也不是技術(shù)，而是一個對火災(zāi)不夠重視的國家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費的要少得多）可知美國火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi)，因此選B。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美國仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國家之一）可知D選項“仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)問題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美國，大部分教育費用都花在小學(xué)上。但是，這些課程的目標(biāo)受眾太少，只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的）可知A選項“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對美國成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（專家說，致命的錯誤是一種態(tài)度，即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過錯。在其他國家情況并非如此，在這些國家，公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個人過失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項因過失引起嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)的處罰，最高可達無期徒刑）可知C選項“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。通讀全文，可知作者對文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美國繼續(xù)更多地依賴技術(shù)，而不是法律或社會壓力）這種“不依靠法律或社會壓力”的觀點是不贊成，認為需要依靠法律和社會壓力來減少美國火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，因此選B。

7.單選題

We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.

Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.（1）Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.

Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.

（2）

Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.

（3）

Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.

（4）

Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.

（5）

However,theforestpatchwasclearedtogrowbiofuels,andthespecieswasfearedtohavegoneextinctagainuntilitwasre-rediscoveredto2011.Therearenowfewerthan50matureindividualsinthewild,inasingleunprotectedlocation.

問題1選項

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Therear