考研考博-英語-曲靖師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲靖師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。philosophical意為“哲學(xué)上的”；literal意為“字面的”；ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”；invalid意為“無效的”。

句意：算命先生擅長(zhǎng)發(fā)表諸如“你的悲傷會(huì)改變”這樣的模糊的陳述。

2.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenfineart.MaximeBocher,eminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningoflastcentury,wrote,“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.

“Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.”

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmustshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii(半徑),chords,sectors,tangents(切線),diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegusto(愛好，興趣)ashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,norevenparalleled,andIwouldmakeboldtosay,notevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse.

Inmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.First,letusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverse.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,sayShelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththineheirtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwanderourcity,andsea,andland;touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerornarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbers,forexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathataisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoets’symbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.

2.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numericalskills.

B.Creation.

C.Imagination.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.numberstosignifybeauty

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.poemsasakindofsymbols

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)和藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)之間的相似之處是____。

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworldA.兩者都受外部世界的控制

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworldB.兩者都類似于世界的感覺

C.botharenotfancifulbutrealC.兩者都不是幻想的，而是真實(shí)的

D.bothinvolveconstantcreatingD.兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞similarity和theactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartists定位到原文第1段第4句，后半句提到“數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)（theactivityofthemathematician），雖然不受外部感官世界的控制，卻需要不斷地創(chuàng)造（constantlycreating），這與藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)（totheactivitiesoftheartist），比如說畫家的活動(dòng)，有相似之處（bearsaresemblance），我相信這不是幻想的，而是真實(shí)的。”由此可知，數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)和藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)之間的相似之處在于兩者都需要不斷創(chuàng)造。因此，D選項(xiàng)“兩者都涉及到不斷創(chuàng)造”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“兩者都受外部世界的控制”，原文提到數(shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)“不受外部感官世界的控制（notcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses）”，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

B選項(xiàng)“兩者都類似于世界的感覺”，原文只提到了“外部感官世界（theexternalworldofthesenses）”，并沒有提到所謂“世界的感覺（thesensesoftheworld）”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“兩者都不是幻想的，而是真實(shí)的”，原文作者是說數(shù)學(xué)家與藝術(shù)家之間的相似性不是幻想的而是真實(shí)的，并不是說數(shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?在作者看來，成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家最重要的要素是什么？

A.Numericalskills.A.數(shù)學(xué)技巧。

B.Creation.B.創(chuàng)造力。

C.Imagination.C.想象力。

D.Senseofbeauty.D.美感。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞makesagoodartistormathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“還有一些更微妙的品質(zhì)，其中最主要的就是想象力（chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination），這些品質(zhì)有助于成為優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家（themakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為成為一名優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家或畫家，最重要的是C選項(xiàng)“想象力”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)技巧”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，該句提到“然而，這些品質(zhì)，盡管是最基本的，卻不能使一個(gè)畫家或數(shù)學(xué)家名符其實(shí)，它們也不是最重要的因素?！庇纱丝芍?，上一段提到的品質(zhì)，如一些技巧（acertainamountofskill）和精確的推理能力（thepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint），并不能使他們被稱之為好的藝術(shù)家或數(shù)學(xué)家。該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力”，原文并未提及；

D選項(xiàng)“美感”，原文并未提及。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?數(shù)學(xué)家是怎樣和詩人一樣展現(xiàn)美的？

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.A.數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式。

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.B.數(shù)學(xué)家們?cè)敢獠贿z余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅。

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.C.數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式安排得對(duì)稱。

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.D.數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫成韻文。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞exhibitthesameelementsofbeauty定位到原文第5段第一句，該句提到“在許多方面，數(shù)學(xué)展現(xiàn)出的美與一般公認(rèn)的詩歌的本質(zhì)相同（exhibitsthesameelementsofbeauty）。”第2句后半句提到“詩人把他的作品按韻文排列在書頁上”，第3句提到“他的詩在進(jìn)入耳朵或思想之前，首先是視覺的（appealstotheeye）”；緊接著提到“類似地（similarly），數(shù)學(xué)家排列他的公式和方程式（linesuphisformulasandequations），以便它們的形式可以產(chǎn)生美學(xué)印象（sothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression）。”由此可知，詩人把他的作品按韻文排列在書頁上，產(chǎn)生視覺上的美感，而數(shù)學(xué)家也通過排列公式和方程式產(chǎn)生同樣的美感，A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列成一種美麗的形式”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們?cè)敢獠贿z余力地使他們的證明變得優(yōu)雅”，原文沒有提到“證明（proofs）”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家很少把公式和方程式排列得對(duì)稱”，原文沒有提到“對(duì)稱（symmetry）”，但是提到了數(shù)學(xué)家會(huì)排列他們的公式和方程式，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡把公式寫成韻文”，原文是說詩人會(huì)把他們寫的作品按韻文排列，而數(shù)學(xué)家也會(huì)排列他們的公式和方程式，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.詩歌優(yōu)于其他表達(dá)形式，因?yàn)樗腳___。

A.unusualdictionA.不尋常的措辭

B.imaginativeexpressionB.富有想象力的表達(dá)

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwordsC.象征、詞語的凝練和簡(jiǎn)潔

D.condensationandimaginativedictionD.凝練和富有想象力的措辭

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Poetry和superiortootherforms定位到原文第6段第1句，該句提到“詩歌相對(duì)于其他語言表達(dá)形式的優(yōu)勢(shì)，首先在于詩歌中使用的象征主義（firstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry），其次在于文字的極端濃縮和精簡(jiǎn)（extremecondensationandeconomyofwords）。”由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“象征、詞語的凝練和簡(jiǎn)潔”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“不尋常的措辭”、B選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的表達(dá)”、D選項(xiàng)“凝練和富有想象力的措辭”，均不符合原文表述，屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.就像詩人一樣，數(shù)學(xué)家也會(huì)____。

A.numberstosignifybeautyA.使用數(shù)字代表美麗

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparisonB.為了比較而使用的符號(hào)

C.poemsasakindpfsymbolsC.使用詩歌作為一種象征

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentrationD.為了凝練和集中而使用符號(hào)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Justlikepoets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“數(shù)學(xué)家所做的事情和詩人所做的完全一樣。”本段最后一句提到“這些符號(hào)，就像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)一樣（mathematicalsymbols），也像詩人的符號(hào)一樣（likethepoets’symbols），是一種凝練的、集中的方式（acondensed,concentratedwayof），用來表述由簡(jiǎn)單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系組成的長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)鏈?！庇纱丝芍瑪?shù)學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家都會(huì)使用符號(hào)，因?yàn)檫@是一種凝練而集中的表達(dá)方式，D選項(xiàng)“為了凝練和集中而使用符號(hào)”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“使用數(shù)字代表美麗”，這不是數(shù)學(xué)家與詩人相同的地方，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“為了比較而使用的符號(hào)”，數(shù)學(xué)家使用符合不是為了比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“使用詩歌作為一種象征”，數(shù)學(xué)家不是用詩歌來表示象征，而是使用字母（inalgebrathataisanumber），該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對(duì)的”；A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocal當(dāng)?shù)氐?；局部的；地方性的”；B選項(xiàng)unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常見的”；C選項(xiàng)good“好的；優(yōu)良的；愉快的”；D選項(xiàng)unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不順利的”。句意：由于天氣條件惡劣，旅行者們停下來露營(yíng)。根據(jù)句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp這些旅客停下了去扎營(yíng)”可知adverse在這里的意思為“不利的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

CloningandFinancialCrisisRecently,anearlydecadeoldpaperontheeconomiceffectsofhumancloningbyaFrencheconomicsprofessorhasbeengettingsomeattention.(46)Thepaperarguesthatratherthananarmyoflow-levelclonedworkersorfightersasispredictedinHuxley’sBraveNewWorldorStarWars,cloningwillleadtomoreandmorehigherskilledworkers.That’sbecausethereturnsofcloningpeoplewhocanmakealotofmoneywillbehigherthancloningaverageJoes.Andwhenitcomestocloning,we’reinitforthemoney,justlikeeverythingelse.What’smore,itwillprobablybeonlytherichwhowillbeabletoaffordtoclonethemselvesatthestart.

Theresult,atleastatfirst,willbearapidriseinouralreadydisturbinglevelsofincomeinequality.Cloneswillearnmoreandmoremoney,andthoseofuswhoreproducetheoldfashionwaywilllikelyhavepoorerandpooreroffspring.(47)Recently,BarbaraKiviatwrotetwoessaysonhowincomeinequalitywasamajorcontributortothefinancialcrisis.Soyoudothemath.Ifcloningleadstoincomeinequalityandincomeinequalityleadstofinancialcrises,thenwe’vegotaproblem.Here’swhy:

(48)Oneoftheknocksonfinancialreformisthatitisregulationthroughtherearviewmirror.Lawmakersfocusonstoppingwhatcausedthemostrecentfinancialcrisis.Soafterthetechbubble,newruleswereputintoplacetostopWallStreetfromusinganalyststopushworthlessstocks.ThewayWallStreetdidIPOscameunderscrutiny.AndawholesetofruleswereputinplacetotrytostopaccountingfraudslikeEnron.

(49)Weallknownowthatnoneofthosereformsdidlittletostopthelatestfinancialcrisis,whichwasdrivennotbystocks,butbyhousingprices,laxlendingandunsoundrisktakingbyWallStreet.Sonowweareputtingreformsinplacetoreigninriskybehavioratbanks,andtoregulatethederivativesthatfacilitatebighiddenfinancialbetsandaddconsumerprotectionsthatwilleliminatetheabilitytomakebadloansinthefirstplace.

Allgoodthings.Noneofthatthoughaddressestheobviousrealthingweshouldallbeconcernedaboutwhenitcomestofinancialcrises:HumanCloning.(50)Thepaper,whichwaswrittenbyGillesSaint-Paul,aprofessorattheToulouseSchoolofEconomicsinFrance,hasasurprisingamountofmathforatopicsuchashumancloning,whichtothebestofmyknowledgedoesn’tyetexist.Andithassomeoutthereideas,liketheguessthatsurrogatemothersmightsoonhavesalariesthatmatchWallStreet.Ifclonedbabieshavehigherexpectedincomelevels,thenpeoplewillpaymoreforthemtobemade.Sobirthingacloneequalscha-ching.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.這篇論文認(rèn)為，與赫胥黎在《美麗新世界》或《星球大戰(zhàn)》中預(yù)測(cè)的一群低智商克隆工人或一支戰(zhàn)斗的軍隊(duì)不同，克隆將帶來越來越多的高技能熟練工人。

47.最近，芭芭拉?基維亞特寫了兩篇文章，論述收入不平等是如何成為金融危機(jī)的主要促成因素。讓我們來考慮一下。如果克隆導(dǎo)致收入不平等，而收入不平等導(dǎo)致金融危機(jī)，那么我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題的癥結(jié)。

48.金融改革受到的批評(píng)之一是，這是每次都是通過“后視鏡”進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。議員們的重點(diǎn)是阻止導(dǎo)致最近金融危機(jī)的原因。因此，在科技泡沫破滅后，新的規(guī)則出臺(tái)以阻止華爾街利用分析師推銷毫無價(jià)值的股票。

49.我們現(xiàn)在都知道，所有這些改革都對(duì)阻止最新的金融危機(jī)收效甚微。這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素不是股市，而是房?jī)r(jià)、寬松的貸款和華爾街不健全的冒險(xiǎn)行為。

50.由法國(guó)圖盧茲經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院的教授吉勒斯?圣保羅撰寫的這篇論文對(duì)克隆人這一課題做了大量研究，據(jù)我所知，克隆人還不存在。

5.翻譯題

TheUSDepartmentofLaborstatisticsindicatethatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadythereisanoverabundanceofteachers,engineers,physicsandotherspecialists.Yetcollegeandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompleteforjobsthataren’tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollege.These“temporary”jobshaveahabitofbecomingpermanent.

【答案】美國(guó)勞工部統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，高校畢業(yè)的勞工供應(yīng)過剩，而且這個(gè)過剩正在不斷增加。已經(jīng)有過量的老師、工程師、物理學(xué)家和其他專家。然而高校和研究院每年都在繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)出高度受訓(xùn)的人員，來競(jìng)爭(zhēng)潛在的崗位。結(jié)果是，畢業(yè)生無法從事與他們受訓(xùn)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的工作，只能接受不要求學(xué)位的臨時(shí)工作。這些“臨時(shí)”工作有變成永久性工作的習(xí)慣。

6.單選題

Nowthecheersandapplause______inasinglesustainedroar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mingled

B.concentrated

C.assembled

D.permeated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mingled“混合；交往；使混合；使相混”；B選項(xiàng)concentrated“集中；濃縮；全神貫注；聚集”；C選項(xiàng)assembled“集合，聚集；裝配；收集”；D選項(xiàng)permeated“滲透，透過；彌漫；透入；散布”。句意：現(xiàn)在歡呼聲和掌聲交織成一聲持續(xù)的吼聲。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

IthinkthatIcommitteda（）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】blunder大錯(cuò),失策,疏忽;revenge復(fù)仇;reproach申斥,恥辱,責(zé)備;scandal丑聞。句意：我想我向她詢問是個(gè)失策,因?yàn)樗雌饋韺?duì)我的問題很不滿意。

8.單選題

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，進(jìn)入，機(jī)會(huì)”；attachment“附件，依戀”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：對(duì)于專業(yè)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說，有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)去奧林匹克意味著他們有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)去歷史書。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

4.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定詞組。beonthesafeside意為“安全可靠，穩(wěn)妥”。

10.單選題

TheareawhereconventionalmicroeconomicswouldraiseeyebrowsifnotringalarmbellsishowcapitalistdevelopmentofInternet-relatedindustrieshas（）generatedconsiderablemarketconcentrationatalmosteverylevel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexorably

B.yearningly

C.placably

D.relentingly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。inexorably“無情地，不可阻擋地”；yearningly“思念地，渴望地”；placably“易安撫地”；relentingly“仁慈地”。句意：該地區(qū)的微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)可能會(huì)引人側(cè)目，如果不敲響警鐘，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的資本主義發(fā)展如何在幾乎所有層面上不可阻擋地產(chǎn)生了相當(dāng)大的市場(chǎng)集中度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學(xué)的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說明各個(gè)行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學(xué)的思維模式。因此D選項(xiàng)“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學(xué)思維中受益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“批判性思維可能來源于非科學(xué)思維”，文中沒有提及批判性思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說的非科學(xué)性思維的用處，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“許多對(duì)象都是用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對(duì)象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡(jiǎn)化為明確的語言描述），說明不能用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設(shè)計(jì)課程應(yīng)該是工程課程的一個(gè)基本元素。），說明設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程來說很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果工程學(xué)課程包括設(shè)計(jì)課的話，課程會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡管缺乏非科學(xué)的思維模式，但仍然很強(qiáng)大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語言思維是工程設(shè)計(jì)的核心機(jī)制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。）可知工程學(xué)課程包含了非科學(xué)思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在所有課程中強(qiáng)調(diào)非語言思維”，C選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為包括語言或數(shù)學(xué)課程”在文中沒有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當(dāng)《美國(guó)工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫出機(jī)器的圖紙和工業(yè)過程的等距視圖，用于其對(duì)美國(guó)工程的歷史記錄時(shí)，具備必要能力的大學(xué)生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生。），說明要求非語言思維的工程專業(yè)學(xué)生本應(yīng)該有更好的感知和設(shè)計(jì)能力，但他們卻不如建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生更好地感知和設(shè)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生不了解美國(guó)工程的歷史”，B選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生懂得更多”，D選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)任何設(shè)計(jì)課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)被認(rèn)為主要是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問題時(shí)，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說明數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)來說不是必不可少的，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“工程設(shè)計(jì)需要科學(xué)的思想”，由原文可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒有提及所以D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“非語言思維比其他知覺過程有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語言思維，說明作者認(rèn)為非語言思維是有優(yōu)勢(shì)的，所以B選項(xiàng)最能代表作者的觀點(diǎn)。

12.單選題

Identitytheftcanrangeforthesimpletheftofacreditcard,oritcangointomorecomplexschemeswherethethievescan_______hundredsofpeopleatatime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embody

B.impersonate

C.personify

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】embody使具體化;impersonate模仿,扮演;personify賦予...以人性,使人格化;assume假定,設(shè)想。句意：身份盜竊可以簡(jiǎn)単地歸類于信用卡盜竊，也可以是更復(fù)雜的方案，比如竊賊可以一次冒充數(shù)百人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.riguing

B.accessible...recondite

C.hidebound...reactionary

D.insightful...innovative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的”；recondite“深?yuàn)W的，隱藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary“保守的，反動(dòng)的”；insightful“有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開篇對(duì)主題的深?yuàn)W表述，對(duì)于讀者而言，這個(gè)藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書中的觀點(diǎn)要容易理解很多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

YoucannotimaginehowIfeel（

）withmydutiessometimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overflowed

B.overthrown

C.overwhelmed

D.overturned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overflow“溢出；擠滿”；B選項(xiàng)overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背棄”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelm“淹沒；壓倒；受打擊”；D選項(xiàng)overturn“推翻；傾覆”。句意：你無法想象有時(shí)我被工作……的感受。此處必然是強(qiáng)調(diào)工作內(nèi)容過多的感受，overwhelm可表示“被工作淹沒”，但一般與by搭配，可排除。只剩下A選項(xiàng)overflowwithduties，表示“滿載重負(fù)”。

15.單選題

Whatthefilmcompanyneedsisanactorwhocantakeonanykindsof（）roles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.versatile

C.variable

D.changeable

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了形容詞辨析。diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；variable“變化的；可變的”；changeable“易變的；可變的”，根據(jù)題意可推知電影公司需要的是能夠扮演不同角色的演員，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠表示“不同的，多樣的”只有diverse，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：這家電影公司需要的是一個(gè)能擔(dān)當(dāng)各種不同角色的演員。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarealreadycommerciallyavailable.Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving,arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.

Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive(認(rèn)知的)behavioraltherapy(CBT)andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor.

TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression,helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochangetheirmoodandbehaviors.However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.

AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized(隨機(jī)的)controltrialwith691depressedpatientsfrom83physicianpracticesacrossEngland.Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups:onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcarefromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms.Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage,sex,educationalbackground,severityanddurationofdepression,anduseofantidepressants(抗抑郁藥).

Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.

“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tg