考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京電子科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京電子科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

10.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】計(jì)算題。男士說飛機(jī)上現(xiàn)有乘客100個(gè)，女士說還有132個(gè)空位。因此飛機(jī)總共可以容納232個(gè)乘客。

2.單選題

I’lltrytogetintouchwithhimbuthe’s（）everathomewhenIphone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rarely

B.almost

C.hardly

D.occasionally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rarely“很少地；難得；罕有地”；B選項(xiàng)almost“差不多，幾乎”；C選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不；剛剛”；D選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾；間或”。其中hardly帶否定意義，hardlyever含never的意思，可當(dāng)作固定搭配，意為“幾乎從不，幾乎不”。句意：我盡量和他聯(lián)系，但我打電話時(shí)他幾乎不在家。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

我們大家都讀過一些激動(dòng)人心的故事，故事中的主人公將不久于人世，余下的日子屈指可數(shù)，長(zhǎng)不過一年，短則只有一天。我們始終很想知道，這個(gè)死到臨頭的人做出什么樣的抉擇來度過最后的命數(shù)。

這類故事常引起我們的思索和遐想：在這類情況下人們會(huì)做些什么呢？哪些事件、哪些經(jīng)歷、哪些聯(lián)想會(huì)在臨死的最后一刻一股腦兒涌向心頭呢？有時(shí)我想，把每一天都當(dāng)作生命最后一天來過，也許是一種極好的生活準(zhǔn)則。

【答案】參考譯文：

Allofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasyear;sometimesasshortastwenty-fourhours.Butwealwayswereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedmanchosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.

Suchstoriessetusthinkingandwonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,andwhatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings?SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.

4.翻譯題

ArecentadvertisementforGoogleChromeshowedaseriesofimportanteventsinachild’slife,eachonebelongingtoadifferentparttheInternet—thefirststepsonYouTube;birthdaye-mails;Facebookphotosofteenageparties.Themessagewasclear:alifecannowbefullyexpressedthroughtheInternet.

This,ofcourse,hasasignificanteffectonhowwerememberthings.Online,majoreventsandexperiencescanbereadabout—andwithvideo,watched—againandagain.ComputersandtheInternet,ratherthanofferingsomethingnew,combineallourtechnologicalmeansofartificialmemory—text,soundandimage—tocreateasynthesisthatcanrecallmemoriesmoreintenselythananythingbefore.

【答案】谷歌瀏覽器的最新廣告展示了一個(gè)孩子生活中的一系列重大事件，每件事都關(guān)乎互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方方面面——YouTube上，孩子學(xué)會(huì)走路后邁出第一步的視頻；郵件中的電子生日賀卡，F(xiàn)acebook上年輕人聚會(huì)的照片。這一切所傳達(dá)出的信息顯而易見：生活完全可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上全部展現(xiàn)。

毫無疑問，這對(duì)我們的記憶方式產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。重要的事件與經(jīng)歷都能在網(wǎng)上以圖文或視頻的形式反復(fù)看到。電腦與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并非提供給我們新鮮的事物，而是融合了文字、聲音、圖像等人工記憶的所有技術(shù)手段，共同創(chuàng)造出一種前所未有的，更加強(qiáng)烈地喚起我們記憶的綜合體。

5.單選題

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是康德，可知主句應(yīng)為表示“人”的代詞，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C選項(xiàng)。句意：康德認(rèn)為說謊是“人的尊嚴(yán)的喪失”，認(rèn)為反對(duì)說謊的規(guī)則是絕對(duì)的，但很少有人否認(rèn)誠(chéng)實(shí)這一道德準(zhǔn)則不得不受制于環(huán)境。此處用雙重否定表示肯定。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法國(guó)悖論”是為了……。’根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.這已經(jīng)不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處了，1991年呼吁人們注意所謂法國(guó)悖論就是其中的一次?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘為關(guān)于紅酒的新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)提供更多信息‘正確。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘第1段的最后一句意味著……?！鶕?jù)第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國(guó)情結(jié)，它提出了一個(gè)耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國(guó)人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因?yàn)樗兜篮?，而且我們喜歡它?”確定這里作者想說的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B選項(xiàng)‘只要酒的味道是我們喜歡的，我們就可以直接多喝些‘正確。

3.推斷題。題目提問‘作者的目的是……?！鶕?jù)文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.這不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處。”中的trumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國(guó)情結(jié)，它提出了一個(gè)耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國(guó)人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因?yàn)樗兜篮?，而且我們喜歡它?”可以確定作者的態(tài)度是帶有批評(píng)意味的，C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推斷題。題目提問‘在最后一段，“阿爾茨海默病”是作為一個(gè)……例子?！鶕?jù)最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜蘆醇可以延緩衰老過程，預(yù)防許多老年疾病?！迸c第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.幾年前，科學(xué)家報(bào)告說，白藜蘆醇可能會(huì)阻止這種疾病的發(fā)生.”兩句的關(guān)系（前面提出與后面證明）確定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）與第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir（）statedoes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.current

B.initial

C.modern

D.primitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current“現(xiàn)在的，最近的”；initial“最初的”；modern“現(xiàn)代的”；primitive“原始的”。句意：人們對(duì)未來的期望，相比他們現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，可能對(duì)他們的幸福感產(chǎn)生更大的影響。由題干中的future以及than可推知此空應(yīng)填與future相對(duì)應(yīng)的表示時(shí)間狀態(tài)的詞，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thefearthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromeconomicinteractionhasnowgivenwaytoapessimismthattradewiththedevelopingworldwillimpoverishtoday’srichcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restructure

B.obsolete

C.paralyze

D.weaken

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.restructure調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)；改組B.obsolete淘汰的；廢棄的

C.paralyze使癱瘓；使麻痹D.weaken虛弱，衰弱

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pessimism可知，impoverish是一個(gè)貶義詞，結(jié)合第二個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句中提到developingworld（發(fā)展中國(guó)家）和richcountries（富裕國(guó)家）可推斷，impoverish是指“使貧困”，也就是說和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的貿(mào)易會(huì)削弱富裕國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)，D項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】對(duì)窮人無法從經(jīng)濟(jì)互動(dòng)中獲益的擔(dān)憂，現(xiàn)在已被悲觀情緒所取代，這種悲觀情緒認(rèn)為，與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的貿(mào)易將使今天的富裕國(guó)家變得貧窮。

9.單選題

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat（

）.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

（

）.

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

（

）.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

（

）.

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿諾德植物園的新主管（WilliamFriedman）認(rèn)為，使達(dá)爾文變得偉大的是他讓公眾理解進(jìn)化論這個(gè)想法并接受它。因此D選項(xiàng)“它（《物種起源》）深受公眾的歡迎”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman聲稱，達(dá)爾文將該‘歷史簡(jiǎn)述’附加到自己杰作的后來版本上的目的是為了平息那些為自身更早想法要求榮譽(yù)的人。因此A選項(xiàng)“贊頌?zāi)切┫扔谧约河嘘P(guān)進(jìn)化論的觀點(diǎn)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”雖然其他人在達(dá)爾文之前就已經(jīng)清楚地思考過進(jìn)化論，但他并非沒有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。弗里德曼說，達(dá)爾文關(guān)于自然選擇作為進(jìn)化機(jī)制的思想很少有人贊同。因此A選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為自然擇是進(jìn)化機(jī)制”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出現(xiàn)促使達(dá)爾文寫“《物種起源》”，作為他在篇幅更大的著作中煞費(fèi)苦心安排的那些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)“摘要”。注意題干中的“atfirst（起初）”，因此選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段大意為：雖然其他人在達(dá)爾文之前思考過進(jìn)化論，但科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅僅需要一個(gè)想法。除了概念之外，發(fā)現(xiàn)需要理解這個(gè)想法的意義，一些早期的作者顯然沒有——比如柏樹學(xué)家，他把他關(guān)于自然選擇的想法埋在一本關(guān)于海軍木材的書的附錄中。最后，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要有能力讓別人相信一個(gè)想法是正確的。弗里德曼說，通過“《物種起源》”，達(dá)爾文是那個(gè)時(shí)代唯一擁有這三種特征的思想家。因此選C。

10.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shortage“缺乏，不足”。B選項(xiàng)haste“匆忙，急忙”。C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷，缺點(diǎn)”。D選項(xiàng)absence“缺席，缺少，沒有”。句意：如果沒有其他幫手，我們?cè)趺茨芡瓿蛇@項(xiàng)工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話，難以完成這項(xiàng)工作”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Passage3Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpoint(強(qiáng)調(diào))hisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters.Furthermorewesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtainformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers;whoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior,observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor,deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli(刺激因素),askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher,andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—question,self-disclosures,andsoon.

Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepteideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.disclosesandtruthfulstatement).

31.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin______.

32.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause______.

33.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause______.

34.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare______.

35.Thispassagemainlyconcerns______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whathewears

B.howtallheis

C.howhappyheis

D.whatcolorhedyeshishair

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothers

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherperson

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople’sattitudes

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wedon’taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherperson

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactway

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeoplesmotivationsandemotions

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhim

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.disclosures

B.deceptions

C.stimuli

D.interactions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theperceptionofotherpeople

B.therelationshipbetweenpeople

C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeople

D.people’sattitudesandcharacter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin______.31.根據(jù)文章，如果我們感知一個(gè)人，我們可能會(huì)對(duì)______感興趣。

A.whathewearsA.他的穿著

B.howtallheisB.他的身高

C.howhappyheisC.他有多快樂

D.whatcolorhedyeshishairD.他染什么顏色的頭發(fā)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三句“更多的時(shí)候（Moreoften），我們?cè)噲D進(jìn)入對(duì)方的內(nèi)心，找出他或她的態(tài)度、情感、動(dòng)機(jī)、能力、想法和性格”可知，在感知一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，我們更多的是進(jìn)入對(duì)方的內(nèi)心，感知他或她的態(tài)度、情感、動(dòng)機(jī)、能力、想法和性格，C項(xiàng)“他有多快樂”屬于情感上的感知，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“他的穿著”、B項(xiàng)“他的身高”和D項(xiàng)“他染什么顏色的頭發(fā)”都不屬于感知對(duì)方內(nèi)心的內(nèi)容，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause______.32.有些人經(jīng)常對(duì)別人的所作所為感到驚訝。伯杰認(rèn)為，這主要是因?yàn)開_____。

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothersA.有些人比其他人更情緒化

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherpersonB.有些人沒有意識(shí)到我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全了解另一個(gè)人的事實(shí)

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople’sattitudesC.有些人很敏感，能感覺到別人態(tài)度的變化

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselvesD.有些人選擇獨(dú)來獨(dú)往

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段倒數(shù)第二句“這也會(huì)讓我們不會(huì)對(duì)看似不一致的行為感到太驚訝或震驚”，其中“這”指的是上一句“如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)無法完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法，它會(huì)使我們更容易處理那些妨礙我們獲得準(zhǔn)確知識(shí)的事情”，理解可知如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)無法完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法，我們對(duì)看似不一致的行為不會(huì)感到太驚訝，反之我們對(duì)別人的所作所為感到驚訝的原因是我們沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全了解另一個(gè)人，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)“有些人沒有意識(shí)到我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全了解另一個(gè)人的事實(shí)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“有些人比其他人更情緒化”、C項(xiàng)“有些人很敏感，能感覺到別人態(tài)度的變化”和D項(xiàng)“有些人選擇獨(dú)來獨(dú)往”文中都沒有提及，這三項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause______.33.我們可能已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)人十年了，但仍然對(duì)他知之甚少，因?yàn)開_____。

A.wedon’taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherpersonA.我們不接受我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactwayB.我們經(jīng)常以一種隨意而不準(zhǔn)確的方式獲得信息

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeoplesmotivationsandemotionsC.我們更關(guān)注他人的動(dòng)機(jī)和情緒

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhimD.我們經(jīng)常和他面對(duì)面交談

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句“你可能已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)人十年了，但仍然對(duì)他知之甚少”，前一句指出“了解一個(gè)人是一項(xiàng)永無止境的任務(wù)，這很大程度上是因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)诓粩嘧兓?，而我們獲取信息的方法往往不精確（themethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise）”，理解可知，我們可能認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)人十年，但我們?nèi)匀粚?duì)他知之甚少，這是因?yàn)槿藗兪遣粩嘧兓?，而我們獲取信息的方式是隨意而不準(zhǔn)確的，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)“我們經(jīng)常以一種隨意而不準(zhǔn)確的方式獲得信息”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“我們不接受我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法”是我們對(duì)看似不一致的行為感到驚訝的原因，而不是認(rèn)識(shí)很久的人知之甚少的原因，該項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“我們更關(guān)注他人的動(dòng)機(jī)和情緒”和D項(xiàng)“我們經(jīng)常和他面對(duì)面交談”文中沒有提及，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare______.34.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些事情阻礙了我們了解他人。這些東西是______。

A.disclosuresA.公開的事情

B.deceptionsB.欺騙

C.stimuliC.刺激因素

D.interactionsD.互動(dòng)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文最后一句“具有諷刺意味的是，對(duì)于發(fā)展一段令人滿意的關(guān)系來說，那些使我們無法了解對(duì)方的東西（如秘密和欺騙）可能與那些使我們能夠準(zhǔn)確了解對(duì)方的東西（如公開和誠(chéng)實(shí)的陳述）同樣重要”理解可知，阻礙我們了解他人的事情是一些秘密和欺騙，B項(xiàng)“欺騙”符合題意，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“公開的事情”是促進(jìn)我們能夠準(zhǔn)確了解對(duì)方的事物，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“刺激因素”和D項(xiàng)“互動(dòng)”文中沒有提及，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Thispassagemainlyconcerns______.35.這篇文章主要是關(guān)于______。

A.theperceptionofotherpeopleA.對(duì)他人的感知

B.therelationshipbetweenpeopleB.人與人之間的關(guān)系

C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeopleC.人們的秘密和欺騙

D.people’sattitudesandcharacterD.人的態(tài)度和性格

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句“感知他人的過程（對(duì)我們自己或他人來說）很少被翻譯成冷冰冰的、客觀的術(shù)語(yǔ)”，以及最后一段第一句“了解一個(gè)人是一項(xiàng)永無止境的任務(wù)，這很大程度上是因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)诓粩嘧兓覀儷@取信息的方法往往不精確”可知，文章主要討論的內(nèi)容是感知他人；而第二段講述的是了解他人的一些方式，所以綜合理解可以推斷，這篇文章主要是關(guān)于對(duì)他人的感知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)“對(duì)他人的感知”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“人與人之間的關(guān)系”文中沒有提及，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“人們的秘密和欺騙”和D項(xiàng)“人的態(tài)度和性格”分別在第三段和第一段提到，但表述太片面，這兩項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

12.單選題

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich（）urgentuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。meanfor“對(duì)……意味著”；meanto“對(duì)……重要”；bemeantfor“為……做準(zhǔn)備”；bemeantto“打算，意欲”。句意：這對(duì)夫婦每個(gè)月都會(huì)存一小筆錢，以備急需時(shí)用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.

【答案】年輕人從頭做起，擔(dān)任基層職位，這是件好事。匹茲堡很多有名望的商人在創(chuàng)業(yè)之初都身負(fù)重任。他們拿過掃把，最初都是清掃辦公室。我注意到我們辦公室清潔工人，這使得我們的年輕人不幸失去了一個(gè)受良好商業(yè)教訓(xùn)的機(jī)會(huì)。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清潔工人沒有來，某位用于未來合伙人氣質(zhì)的年輕人會(huì)毫不猶豫地拿起掃把。如果有必要，新來的員工在辦公室打掃并沒有什么損失。我就一度自己打掃過。

14.單選題

Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooks

B.overlooking

C.overlooked

D.tooverlook

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：他們的房間在三樓，從窗戶可以俯瞰運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。逗號(hào)前句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，逗號(hào)后闡述的對(duì)象換成itswindow并且和overlook構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，但是沒有引導(dǎo)詞來構(gòu)成從句，確定考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)itswindow和overlook構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，B選項(xiàng)overlooking符合題意。A選項(xiàng)overlooks是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)overlooked是過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)tooverlook是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示目的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D