考研考博-英語-上海思博職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海思博職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

問題1選項

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：他的家人幾乎已經(jīng)忘記了他長的什么樣子。根據(jù)句型itislike…，得出C選項whathisfacewas符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of

1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.

問題1選項

A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

問題2選項

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

問題3選項

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

問題5選項

A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles

C.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

D.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句話AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科學家們說一個新的愛因斯坦將會出現(xiàn)。但是需要很長一段時間”，根據(jù)這句話可知選項D符合題意。

2.文章第五段提到了愛因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年時期他時常閱讀卡特、叔本華、斯賓諾莎這些哲學家的作品。這些作品教會了他如何獨立以及抽象地去思考時間與空間。由此可推知愛因斯坦“獨立以及抽象的思維”是他成功的關(guān)鍵。所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章第八段提到Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepracticalandrewarding—efforts.今天的物理學家們很多都去華爾街和硅谷，把他們的分析能力運用到了實踐，并且不斷努力來獲得（經(jīng)濟）回報。選項D符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到如果我們收到像愛因斯坦那樣紙上都是演算公式，沒有腳注，沒有參考文獻的科學論文(getpaperslikethose)，我們會把這些直接放到垃圾郵件里（junkfile）。由此可以推知，BrianGreene是在暗示現(xiàn)在的學術(shù)環(huán)境——人們不會接受看似非?；奶频南敕?。選項D符合題意。

5.文章倒數(shù)第三段“byavirtualunkown”,指的是當時的愛因斯坦還默默無聞，選項B符合題意。

3.翻譯題

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）這么多中國人的出現(xiàn)加劇了這場關(guān)于澳大利亞社會潛在性格的爭論。淘金社區(qū)的公民價值觀引起了人們強烈的關(guān)注,這種關(guān)注又因澳大利亞人原本就是罪犯的后裔而變得更為嚴重。黃金是一種充滿誘惑而又富有神話色彩的物質(zhì)。

（2）還有另一種更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亞只能形成這些粗俗而又不文明的社區(qū),那么對于聲稱享有優(yōu)等文化權(quán)利的澳大利亞人來說,難道不會丟失他們建立在找到通往澳洲大陸的獨有途徑上的那份道德權(quán)威嗎？澳大利亞人仍然值得擁有巨大的機遇嗎？

（3）淘金社區(qū)的人們有一個令人煩惱的悖論,即他們也是高度漂移的部落,這在某些方面類似于他們試圖取代的土著居民。因為擔憂白人殖民者在澳大利亞定居的連續(xù)性,促使他們對土著居民進行誹謗和驅(qū)逐亞洲人。

（4）用十九世紀末生硬的語言來講,如果白人取代黑人是因為黑人沒有發(fā)展澳洲大陸,那么為什么依據(jù)同樣的理由黃色人就不應(yīng)該去取代白人呢？如果在澳大利亞的歐洲社區(qū)不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人統(tǒng)治澳大利亞的狀況就有可能被嚴重削弱。

4.單選題

Withglobalizationthelatestfashioninpoliticsandeconomics,itwasinconceivablethatculturewouldescapeitsall-pervasiveinfluence.TheLivingWebsterEncyclopedicDictionarydefinescultureastheacquiredabilityofanindividualorpeopletorecognizeandappreciategenerally-acceptedaestheticandintellectualexcellence.Thisallowsampleroomforthedominantwesterncivilizationtoimposeitsvalue-system,especiallywhentheabilitytorecognizegenerally-acceptedestheticandintellectualexcellenceisacquired.

Globalizationmeansnotmerelyconformitybutalsouniformitytothedominant,primarilyAmericanculture.Thisappliesasmuchtofoodasitdoestomusicandclothes.PeoplearoundtheworldareexpectedtoeatfatMcDonaldhamburgers,drinkPepsiorCoke,wearLevijeansanddancetoMichaelJacksonmusic.AmajorroleinthisglobalizationcampaignisplayedbytheEnglishlanguage.FranceandGermanytriedtopromotetheirlanguagesbuthavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.TheAmericandollar,whichhasbecometheglobalcurrency,isalsoanimportantfacilitator.

Cultureisnotvalue-free.Itbringswithitsuchotherbeliefsasfeministrhetoric（言舌辛），concernaboutenvironmentalissues,drugs,andtherighttohaveanabortionandtohavechildrenoutofmarriage.Selectiveconcernfornarrowly-definedhumanrightsanddemocracyaresomeofitsotherpetprojects.Advocatesofglobalculturearguethatitwillhelpcreateamorepeacefulworld.Thisistheflipsideoftheglobaleconomyargumentwhichissupposedtobringprosperitytoallhumanbeings.Allavailableevidencepointsintheoppositedirection.Economicglobalizationhasmeantthattherichhavebecomericherandthepoorpoorer.Whyshouldauniformglobalcultureleadtopeaceworldwidewhentherearesomanycompetinginterestsclamoringforsupport?GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness.ItwasOscarWildewhohadsaidthatAmericaisacountrythathasgonefrombrutalitytodegenerationwithoutthestageofcivilization.

Likeeconomicsandpolitics,cultureisalsopeddledthroughanumberofmechanisms.InadditiontoHollywoodandCNN,anumberofgroupsinnon-westernsocietiesareavailabletopushthedominantAmericanculturedownthethroatsofotherpeoples.Often,itisdifficulttoresistsuchoutpouring.Sincecultureisnotseparatefrompoliticalandeconomicconsiderations,politicalandbusinesseliteshavebecomeitspurveyors（承辦商）.Forinstance,non-westernbusinessmenhaveatendencytoacquirewesternculturalhabitstobeabletorubshoulderswiththeirwesterncounterparts.Itisnosecretthattherichinpoorcountrieshavemoreincommonwiththerichinrichcountriesthantheyhavewiththepoorintheirowncountries.

1.Weknowfromthefirstpassagethat（）.

2.Whichofthefollowinggivesthechiefimpetustoglobalization?

3.Theauthorendsthethirdpassagewithimplicationthat（）.

4.AllthefollowingareaidingtheAmericanculturetosweeptheworldEXCEPT（）.

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward“globalculturewillhelptocreateamorepeacefulworld”?

問題1選項

A.globalizationwillhaveanimpactonculture

B.cultureandGlobalizationhavenorelations

C.culturewillfacilitateglobalization

D.culturewillavoidtheinfluenceofglobalization

問題2選項

A.English

B.Germany

C.France

D.Dollars

問題3選項

A.Americanculturewillultimatelyreplacetheothercultures

B.thedominantwesterncultureshouldn’treplacehumandiversity

C.Americandemocracyappliestoallthecountries

D.Globalculturalwillmakeapeacefulword

問題4選項

A.FrenchandGermanpeople

B.somegroupsisnon-westernsocieties

C.non-westernpoliticalandbusinesselites

D.HollywoodandCNN

問題5選項

A.Sentimental

B.Disappointed

C.Negative

D.Positive

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“我們能從第一段得到什么信息？”文章第一段第一句話提到“隨著全球化成為政治和經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的最新潮流，很難想象文化會逃脫其無處不在的影響”(Withglobalizationthelatestfashioninpoliticsandeconomics,itwasinconceivablethatculturewouldescapeitsall-pervasiveinfluence)，由此可知文化也受全球化的影響，因此選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪項對全球化有促進作用？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句話提到“在這場全球化運動中，英語發(fā)揮了重要作用”(AmajorroleinthisglobalizationcampaignisplayedbytheEnglishlanguage)，因此選項A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者在第三段結(jié)尾暗示了什么？”第三段結(jié)尾提到“全球化意味著人類的多樣性將被美國的赤裸和粗鄙的文化潮流所席卷。奧斯卡?王爾德曾說美國是一個沒有經(jīng)歷過文明階段而從殘忍過渡到墮落的國家”（GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness.ItwasOscarWildewhohadsaidthatAmericaisacountrythathasgonefrombrutalitytodegenerationwithoutthestageofcivilization），由此可知作者暗示“占統(tǒng)治地位的西方文化不應(yīng)該取代人類的多樣性”，選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下面哪項不是美國文化席卷全球的促進因素？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“法國和德國試圖推銷他們的語言但是失敗了”(FranceandGermanytriedtopromotetheirlanguagesbuthavebeenlargelyunsuccessful),由此可知這兩個國家是沒有幫助美國文化席卷全球的，他們致力于推廣自己的文化，因此選項A符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對‘全球文化將創(chuàng)造出一個更和平的世界’這句話的態(tài)度是什么？”文章第三段提到“當有很多相互競爭的利益要求支持時，為什么統(tǒng)一的全球文化應(yīng)該帶來和平？全球文化意味著人類的多樣性將被美國赤裸和粗鄙的文化潮流所席卷”(Whyshouldauniformglobalcultureleadtopeaceworldwidewhentherearesomanycompetinginterestsclamoringforsupport?GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness),由此可知，作者對“全球文化將創(chuàng)造出一個更和平的世界”這句話是持否定態(tài)度的，因此選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Brunner’s______tobecomethesecondwomanevertoholdCabinetrankwasscuttledbytheoverwhelminglymaleparliament,apparentlybecauseofsexualpolitics.

問題1選項

A.bet

B.hit

C.bid

D.bat

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bet“打賭；與（某人）以錢打賭；（非正式）敢說”；B選項hit“打擊；襲擊；碰撞；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；傷……的感情”；C選項bid“出價；叫牌；向……表示問候；（詩、文）命令；邀請；努力爭取，企圖獲得；告訴，吩咐”；D選項bat“用球棒擊球；擊球率達……；輪到擊球”。句意：布倫納想成為史上第二位女性內(nèi)閣成員的努力被男性占多數(shù)的議會挫敗，顯然是因為性政治。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一個人談?wù)撟约旱娜觞c，那么他就會期望聽者說些鼓勵的話。

考查名詞辨析。assurance保證;擔保;encouragement鼓勵；persuasion勸服；confirmation確認;證實。因此B符合句意。

7.單選題

The（）emphasisonexamsisbyfarthewontformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous極好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：到目前為止，過分強調(diào)考試是學校競爭的慣常形式。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto（

）thatamountprintedonthebottle.

問題1選項

A.surpass

B.substitute

C.exceed

D.overcome

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。surpass“超過，優(yōu)于”；substitute“代用品，替代者”；exceed“超過”；overcome“克服（困難）”。句意：吃藥的時候注意不要超過瓶子上寫的劑量。答案C

9.單選題

Duetopersonality（

）,thetwocolleaguesnevergowellinwork.

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.contradiction

C.conflict

D.competition

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞、介詞辨析。personalityconflict“性格不合”。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Fromtheearliestdecadesofcolonizationtothe20thcentury,Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.NotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservationmovementdevelopbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagersliketheforesterGiffordPinchot,andpoliticianslikeTheodoreRoosevelt.Themovementwasaresponsetoanevidentdwindlingofknowmineralresources,thedecimationofvirginforests,andadeclineinthefishandgameavailabletosportsmen.Itwasalsoanintegralexpressionofthepoliticalmovementknownasprogressivism,whichstressed,amongotherthings,theuseofgovernmentpower,guidedbyscientificknowledgeanddemocraticprinciples,tosolvenational,social,andeconomicproblems.Theprogressiveconservationistspushedintoexistenceasubstantialbodyoflegislationatstateandnationallevelsthataimedattherationalmanagementofresources.Forthemostpart,however,theselawshadmoreformthansubstance,andinpracticetheexploitationofnaturecontinuedandlargelyunchecked.

Bythe1920’sprogressivismhadfadedaway,butitsenthusiasmforscientificmanagementandresearchremainedactiveinthebusinesscommunity.Boththecommitmenttoresourcemanagementresearchbyindustryandtheallocationoffundstoseekoutuntappedresourcesgrewrapidly.Scienceandtechnologylinkedupmorecloselythanbeforetodevisemeansfortheirexploitation.

Theamalgamofscience,technology,andbusinessinterestsnotonlyfosteredthecontinuedgrowthofolderindustries,butalsospawnednewindustriesthatfosteredeconomicexpansionatgreatenvironmentalcost.Thedevelopmentofelectricpowerraisedmanufacturingproductivityandthematerialstandardofliving,butalsopollutedtheairthroughthecombustionoffossilfuelsinhugeamounts.Thespreadofautomotivetransportationentailedmobilityandproductivity,butexactedthepriceoflong-termenvironmentalcosts,voraciousenergyconsumption,andexpropriationoflandforrailways.Themultifacetedpetrochemicalindustrylistedamongitsbenefitsbetteragriculturalproductivityfromtheuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,butcontributedheavilytoair,water,andsoilpollution.TheaviationindustrypromotedmobilityandcohesionwithinthenationandhelpedtoendAmericanisolationfromtherestoftheworld,butpromotedanewdimensionofairandnoisepollution,energydemands,andpressureonscarcelandinurbanareasforairports.

AmericanurbanizationandindustrializationcontinuedtoacceleratebetweenWorldWarIandthe1970's,withonlyatemporaryslumpinthedepressionera.Demandforiron,steel,coal,oil,gas,water,andfoodrockedaheadduringtheseyears,stimulatedparticularlybytheeconomicgrowthassociatedwithWorldWarII.Bythe1970'stheindustrialmightoftheUnitedStateswasanoverpoweringnationalandglobalreality.Withsixpercentoftheworld'speople,itconsumesannuallysomethirty-fivepercentoftheworld'savailableresources,whilegeneratingproportionateburdensofharmfulwastes.WhileAmericanshavebeenproudoftheirtechnicalandindustrialpreeminence,itwasonlyinthe1950’sthatpersuasiveenvironmentalthinkingbegantoremindthemthatbeinganeconomicsuperpowerisamixedblessingwithprofoundecologicalconsequences.

1.TheAmericanshavealwaysbelievedthattheUnitedStates（）.

2.ProgressinenvironmentalprotectionintheUnitedStateswouldnothavebeenpossibleifithadnotbeenfor（）.

3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsenvironmentallawsandregulationsintheUnitedStatesis（

）.

4.Inparagraph3,theauthortriestoaccountfor（）intheUnitedStates.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassagemeansthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.hasthelargestlandareaintheworld

B.enjoysinexhaustibleresources

C.isademocracythatiscelebratedbyothercountries

D.willdevelopaconservationmovementbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagersandpoliticians

問題2選項

A.thecommitmentsofkeyprofessionalsandpoliticians

B.hardevidencesofenvironmentaldegradation

C.theprevalentpoliticalideology

D.alltheabove

問題3選項

A.critical

B.misleading

C.positive

D.neutral

問題4選項

A.thedeclineofprogressivism

B.continuedtechnologicalandeconomicadvances

C.worseningecologicalconditions

D.thecontributionsofresourcesinindustrialgrowth

問題5選項

A.economicprogresshastakenaserioustollonecologyintheUnitedStates

B.theeconomicstatusoftheUnitedStatesisablessing

C.theAmericansshouldberemindedoftheneedtoprotectnature

D.theUnitedStatesneedstoconductprofoundecologicalresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章開頭，“Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.”，可知美國人慶祝并且理所當然地認為他們的土地資源似乎無窮無盡?？赏茢喑雒绹耸冀K相信，他們的可以享受無窮無盡的資源。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Notuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservationmovementdevelopbeforetheproddingofprofessionalresourcemanagers…”，可知專業(yè)資深管理人員發(fā)起了進步運動。以及下文提到一些進步主義者提出制定法律對資源進行合理利用。選項A和C符合題意。又根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段提到了美國的環(huán)境問題，可知環(huán)境退化已經(jīng)具有了確鑿的證據(jù)，選項B符合題意。所以A，B，C三項都包括，選項D符合題意。

3.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“theselawshadmoreformthansubstance,andinpracticetheexploitationofnaturecontinuedandlargelyunchecked.”，可知作者認為這些法律的形式多于實質(zhì)，在實踐中，對自然的剝削仍在繼續(xù)，而且沒有受到限制。所以作者對美國環(huán)保法律法規(guī)的態(tài)度是批判的。選項A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theamalgamofscience,technology,andbusinessinterestsnotonlyfosteredthecontinuedgrowthofolderindustries,butalsospawnednewindustriesthatfosteredeconomicexpansionatgreatenvironmentalcost.”，可知科學、技術(shù)和商業(yè)利益的融合不僅促進了老工業(yè)的持續(xù)增長，而且還催生了以環(huán)境問題為代價的促進經(jīng)濟擴張的新工業(yè)。下文繼續(xù)舉例說明了一些工業(yè)和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展給環(huán)境帶來了巨大的破壞?？赏茢喑鲎髡咴诘谌沃饕墙忉屃嗣绹h(huán)境惡化的原因。選項C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“…itwasonlyinthe1950’sthatpersuasiveenvironmentalthinkingbegantoremindthemthatbeinganeconomicsuperpowerisamixedblessingwithprofoundecologicalconsequences.”，可知直到20世紀50年代，有說服力的環(huán)境思想才開始提醒他們，成為一個經(jīng)濟超級大國是一件喜憂參半的事情，經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展同時也帶來了嚴重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題?？赏茢喑鼋?jīng)濟的發(fā)展對美國的生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴重的破壞。選項A符合題意。

11.翻譯題

(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影響的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.

【答案】1.正如我們所見，如今社會醫(yī)療保健的重點已從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)防疾病。

2.這個人沒有生病，甚至可能沒有患上任何特定疾病的風險，但是我們可以想象他可以更健康。

3.傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學并沒有區(qū)分那些僅僅是“沒有生病”的人和那些身體非常健康并且注意身體特殊需求的人。

4.健康的人注意營養(yǎng)和運動，他們非常重視關(guān)注自身的身體狀況。

5.通過關(guān)注健康的生活方式和概念可以對人們面對日常生活挑戰(zhàn)的方式產(chǎn)生積極影響。

12.單選題

Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis（）withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.

問題1選項

A.astonishing

B.flourishing

C.exaggerating

D.diminishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項astonishing“令人驚訝的”；B選項flourishing“繁榮的，繁茂的”；C選項exaggerating“夸張的，夸大的”；D選項diminishing“逐漸縮小的，遞減的”。句意：隨著人們生活水平的提高，健康和美容行業(yè)正（），產(chǎn)品比以往任何時候都更加精致。這里表達的意思是“美容行業(yè)正在繁榮發(fā)展”，因此B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.

問題1選項

A.private

B.slack

C.opaque

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗長的”。句意：這項交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因為價格信息可能沒有公開，可能會造成誤導。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。circulation“發(fā)行，發(fā)行量”；reproduction“復(fù)制，復(fù)制品；繁殖”；manipulation“操作，操縱”；penetration“刺穿，進入”。句意：在美國報業(yè)中的新科技改革帶來了發(fā)行量的增長，出版數(shù)量也增加，報業(yè)的工作機會增多。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Spacemayseemremote,butit’sreallynotthatfaraway.Ifyoucoulddriveyourcarstraightup,injustafewhoursyou’dreachthealtitudeatwhichthespaceshuttleflies.Thepopularorbitsforsatellitesbegintwiceasfarup—about400milesaboveourheads.TheretelecommunicationsandweathersatellitesorbitatthesameratethatEarthrotates,allowingthemtohoveraboveasinglespotontheEquator.

ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.Inthe1970sDeltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.Sincethenmostpublicandprivatelaunchershavetakensimilarmeasures—suchstepsarerelativelyinexpensivemeansoflimitingdebris.Still,everyfewmonthsonaverageanoldrocketorsatelliteexplodes,flingingacloudofdebrisintospace.

FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.Theproblemseemedabstract,residingmoreincomputermodelsthaninhardexperience.Anditchallengedthecan-domentalityofspaceenthusiasts.Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.Toitscredit,NASAhaslongmaintainedadebris-researchprogram,staffedbytop-notchscientistswhohav