考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thesunisnotgrowingweaker,yetitslightappearstobedimming.Between1960and1990,somescientistsbelieve,theamountofsolarradiationreachingEarth’ssurfacemayhavedeclinedasmuchas10%—andinsomeplaces,HongKong,forexample,morethan35%.

Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck,saysVeerabhadranRamanthan,anatmosphericscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,thenthefullimpactofthebuildupofgreenhousegaseshasyettobefelt.Thisweek,attheAmericanGeophysicalUnionmeetinginMontreal,Ramanathanandotherswillbepresentingthelatestdataonthesolar-dimmingproblemandponderingitsimplicationsfortheclimatesystemasawhole.

Manyscenariosforglobalwarming,forexample,invokeaspeedupinthehydrologicalcyclebywhichwaterevaporatesandthencomesdownasrain.Thecoolingproducedbysolardimming,however,mayslowtherateofevaporation,whilehigherupintheatmospherethepollutantsresponsibleforabsorbingandreflectingsunlightarelikelytointerferewiththeprocessthatproducesrain.

Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.

Manyquestionsremain,includingthetrueextentofthedimming.Oneanalysispegstheaverageworldwidedarkeningtobeabout4%overthreedecades,whileanothercomputesittobemorethantwicethatmuch.TherearealsoquestionsaboutthereliabilityofthedevicesthatmeasurethesunlightreachingEarth’ssurface.Knownasradiometers,theseinstrumentsarenothingmorethanflat,blacksolarcollectorscappedwithglass.Theyaresometimesfinicky:asmudgeofdirtoraspeckofdustcancausebogusreadingsandchangethecalculatedresults.

Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.AsRamanthanputsit,“It’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”—anditcouldturnouttobeaverybiggorillaindeed.

1.Bytug-of-war,(line4,Paragraph2),theauthormeans（

）.

2.Howdothescientistsfeelaboutthecurrentclimatesituation?

3.Whenmentioning“it’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”(Line4,Paragraph6),theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcannotserveasfactorofcausingthecoolingsurfaceoftheplanet?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.thedifferenteffectofsolardimmingandglobalwarming

B.theimpactofthesolardimmingontheclimatesystem

C.theinfluenceofthesolardimmingontheglobalwarming

D.theinteractionbetweenthesolardimmingandglobalwarming

問題2選項

A.Serious

B.Optimistic

C.Carefree

D.Panicked

問題3選項

A.scientistshouldhaveacloselookatthesolardimmingproblem

B.wearefacinganewproblemwhichisverycomplicatedanddifficulttomanage

C.wearejustbeginningtohaveresearchonthisnewfield

D.thenewsolardimmingproblemisbeyondscientists’abilitytotackle

問題4選項

A.Thelackoftherainintheplanet.

B.Theincreasingofthepollutants.

C.Theformingoftheclouddroplets.

D.Thelessweightoftheclouddroplets.

問題5選項

A.Theinstrumentsusedinthestudyaretoosimpletofunctionwell.

B.Livingthingsintheearthwillbegreatlyinfluencedbysolardimming.

C.Thereisstillalongwaytogointhestudyofsolardimming.

D.Thefindingsthatthesolardimminghasinfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetaredoubtful.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。由第二段“Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.發(fā)生了什么事?在這30年里，空氣污染的加劇——尤其是在亞洲——在云層增加的幫助下，可能對地球表面產(chǎn)生了降溫的影響，而二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體卻在促使大氣變暖。這種拉鋸戰(zhàn)對氣候系統(tǒng)的影響可能極其難以理清。”可知tug-of-war指全球變暖以及云層增加導(dǎo)致地面降溫，太陽變暗的相互作用。故D項正確。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck…與此同時，沒有比這更緊迫的任務(wù)了。因為如果全球污染助長了全球變暖的話……。”可知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為當(dāng)前的氣候形勢是十分嚴(yán)峻的。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。通讀最后一段“Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.換句話說，太陽變暗仍然是一個仍在界定過程中的問題，隨著它的范圍變得更清楚，世界所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì)也將更清楚。盡管科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)對全球變暖做了很多思考，但他們剛剛開始解決全球變暖和太陽變暗如何相互作用的問題。”可知太陽變暗這個問題，科學(xué)家們還才剛剛開始研究，還有很多東西需要了解。最后以Ramanthan的話結(jié)尾，那么結(jié)尾語應(yīng)該與上文呼應(yīng)，即太陽變暗這個問題，還才開始，比較難以處理。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀第四段“Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.為什么?這些污染物以被稱為氣溶膠的微小空氣微粒的形式存在，它們充當(dāng)云滴形成的核心。問題是，大氣中有太多的懸浮顆粒在爭奪水分子，所以形成的云滴太小，永遠(yuǎn)不會重到足以落到地面。哥倫比亞大學(xué)拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測站的大氣物理學(xué)家貝亞特?利佩特說，這樣一來，大氣層就會充滿水分，而地球表面卻渴望雨水。”可知A項“地球缺少雨水”是結(jié)果，而非原因。B項“污染物的增加”，C項“云滴的形成”，D項“云滴的重量較輕”都是導(dǎo)致地球大氣層溫度低的原因。

5.推理判斷題。本文最后一段提到對于太陽變暗這個問題。科學(xué)家的研究還才剛開始，還有很多東西不了解，故C項“在太陽變暗這個問題的研究上還有很長的路要走”正確。

2.單選題

Mostofthecivilservantsinvolvedintheaffairhavebeensuccessfully（）andsentenced.

問題1選項

A.prosecuted

B.propagated

C.persecuted

D.precipitated

【答案】A

【解析】prosecute"起訴,告發(fā)";propagate"傳播,傳送;繁殖";persecute"迫害,困擾";precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。句意：大部分涉案公務(wù)員已被成功檢控和判刑。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Thisrestaurantisfrequently（）bytouristsbecauseofitsfamouscooking.

問題1選項

A.patronized

B.serviced

C.attended

D.utilized

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：旅客經(jīng)常

這家餐館，因為這里的烹飪很有名。patronized光顧；serviced為……服務(wù)；attended參加，出席；utilized利用。故選A。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

在今天的中國，平均每天有24萬人成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新用戶，平均每400個中國人就擁有一個網(wǎng)站。按照目前的發(fā)展速度，再過兩年，中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者將超過5億，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及率將從目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。對于一個發(fā)展中國家而言，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠如此快速普及是一大奇跡。中國人民從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)受益匪淺。在中國，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正廣泛應(yīng)用于電子政務(wù)、電子商務(wù)、公共教育、新聞傳播等各個領(lǐng)域。電子商務(wù)在中國快速發(fā)展，中國電子商務(wù)交易總額在過去5年保持45%以上的年均增長速度，2008年超過4600億美元。

【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.

5.單選題

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat（

）.

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

（

）.

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay（

）.

問題1選項

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

問題2選項

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

問題3選項

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘Radesky引用“靜態(tài)面部實(shí)驗”來證明什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.嬰兒很容易通過看父母的臉來試圖理解他們的世界，如果這些臉是空白的、沒有反應(yīng)的——就像他們沉浸在一個設(shè)備里時經(jīng)常做的那樣——這對孩子來說是非常令人不安的?！妥詈笠痪洹癙arentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必時時刻刻都在身邊，但需要有一個平衡，父母需要對孩子的情感需求的語言或非語言表達(dá)做出反應(yīng)和敏感?！贝_定實(shí)驗是為了證明D選項“父母需要回應(yīng)孩子的情感需求”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘特羅尼克提到的壓迫性意識形態(tài)要求父母干什么？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“壓迫性的意識形態(tài)”要求父母應(yīng)該始終與孩子互動?！贝_定C選項“確保與孩子不斷的互動”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘據(jù)特洛尼克說，孩子們使用屏幕可能會怎樣？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特羅尼克認(rèn)為，孩子沒有從屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)并不意味它沒有價值，特別是如果父母有時間洗澡、做家務(wù)或者僅僅是因不用照顧小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他說，父母可以通過使用他們的設(shè)備和朋友交談或做些工作以獲得很多好處。這會讓他們感到更快樂，這會讓他們在其他的時間里更容易接觸到自己的孩子?！笨芍⒆邮褂闷聊豢梢宰尭改赣懈鄷r間去做別的事情，所以A選項“給父母更多自由時間”正確。

6.單選題

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose（）.

問題1選項

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情”；B選項contamination“污染”；C選項scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查，細(xì)看”；D選項symmetry“對稱”。句意：盡管這個模型表面上看起來還不錯，但它經(jīng)不起細(xì)看。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Onewayforwriterstosupportapointisthrough（

）,thatis,bymeansofseveralexamplestobackupanidea.

問題1選項

A.illustration

B.explanation

C.demonstration

D.interpretation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項illustration“說明”，有舉例說明的意思；B選項explanation“解釋”；C選項demonstration“游行示威，證明”；D選項interpretation“解釋，說明”。根據(jù)severalexamples（幾個例子）可知選A。句意：作家支持一個觀點(diǎn)的一種方法是通過說明，即通過幾個例子來支持一個觀點(diǎn)。

8.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Fromdiepassagewecaninterthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

3.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

D.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

問題3選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題4選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.信息推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項C正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者建議將官僚主義的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，使人能充分發(fā)揮他的潛力。選項C符合原文。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

9.單選題

A（

）isagrillonwhichmeat,fish,andotherfoodsarecookedoverhotcharcoal,usuallyoutofdoors.

問題1選項

A.duet

B.barbecue

C.tonic

D.fag

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項duet“二重奏”；B選項barbecue“燒烤”；C選項tonic“補(bǔ)藥”；D選項fag“苦工、疲勞”，由題干中提到的各種食物以及熱木炭，可知barbecue“燒烤”符合語境。句意為：燒烤是肉、魚和其他食物放在烤架上，再在熱木炭上烘烤，通常在戶外進(jìn)行。故正確答案選B。

10.單選題

Themagicianpickedoutseveralpeople（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。byaccident“意外的”；onoccasion“有時”；atrandom“胡亂的、隨便的”；onaverage“平均的”。本句意為“魔術(shù)師隨意的從觀眾中挑選一些人幫助他表演”，atrandom符合句意，因此選C。

11.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingTEXTintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

在一般人的觀念中，中國傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代生活似乎是兩個截然不同而且相互對立的實(shí)體。前者是中國幾千年積累下來的舊文化傳統(tǒng)，后者則是近百余年才出現(xiàn)的一套新的生活方式，而且源于西方。所以這兩者的沖突實(shí)質(zhì)上也被理解為西方現(xiàn)代文化對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的沖擊與挑戰(zhàn)。

在這個一般的理解之下產(chǎn)生種種不同的觀點(diǎn)與態(tài)度，但大體上可以分為兩個方向，一方面是擁抱西方文化，認(rèn)為中國傳統(tǒng)文化是現(xiàn)代生活的阻礙，另一方面則極力維護(hù)傳統(tǒng)，視西方的現(xiàn)代生活破壞了傳統(tǒng)的道德秩序。在這兩種極端的態(tài)度之間當(dāng)然還存在著不同程度及模式各異的調(diào)和論。實(shí)際上，中國傳統(tǒng)文化與現(xiàn)代生活并不是兩個不相干也不是相互排斥對立的實(shí)體?！艾F(xiàn)代生活”即是中國傳統(tǒng)文化在現(xiàn)代的具體轉(zhuǎn)變。中國傳統(tǒng)文化的現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)變使其已經(jīng)脫離了舊的軌道，并且不可否認(rèn)地受到了西方文化的重大影響。但現(xiàn)代文化并不等同于西方文化，我們所接納的科技以及制度層面上的西方文化并不會觸及中國傳統(tǒng)文化的價值系統(tǒng)的核心部分。

【答案】Undersuchageneralcomprehension,variousviewsandattitudeshavearisen.Buttheycanroughlybedividedintotwodifferentdirections:oneistoembracewesternculture,regardingtraditionalChinesecultureasahindrancetomodernlife;theotherstrivestomaintaintradition,believingthatthewesternmodernlifehasbrokenthetraditionalmoralorder.Betweenthesetwoextremesofattitude,ofcourse,thereareavarietyofopinionsindifferentdegreesandpatterns.Infact,Chinesetraditionalcultureandmodernlifeareneithermutuallyexclusivenoropposingentities.“Modernlife”istheconcretetransformationofChinesetraditionalcultureinmoderntimes.ThemoderntransformationofChinesetraditionalculturehasalreadydeviateditselfawayfromtheoldtrackandundeniablysufferedthesubstantialinfluencesfromwesternculture.

12.單選題

Anypropertythatabankruptpersonmaystillhaveisusuallydividedamongthevariouspeopletowhommoneyareowed.

問題1選項

A.property

B.maystillhave

C.among

D.areowed

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題中的money為不可數(shù)名詞，可知D選項應(yīng)該用isowed，句意：破產(chǎn)人的財產(chǎn)仍然會被分給債權(quán)人。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Jack（

）theprobleminhismindfortwodaysbeforehedidsomethingaboutit.

問題1選項

A.turnedout

B.turnedto

C.turnedon

D.turnedover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnedout結(jié)果是；turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于；turnedon打開；turnover仔細(xì)考慮。句意：杰克在采取行動之前，關(guān)于這個問題，他在腦海中仔細(xì)考慮了兩天。D項符合句意，答案D

14.單選題

（

）atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

問題1選項

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：LilArmstrong1917年來到芝加哥時，作為年輕的鋼琴家的第一份專業(yè)工作是在音樂商店里演奏曲調(diào)?？崭裉幩顔卧~與后面部分一起構(gòu)成名詞短語做整個句子的主語。C項demonstrate是動詞，不能做主語。A、D兩項中tunes是復(fù)數(shù),而謂語動詞是was,故排除。

15.單選題

Themissioncontrollerssayitisimportantto________thatthespacepioneersdonotgohungry.

問題1選項

A.ensure

B.assure

C.becertain

D.bedependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“保證，確?！?；B選項“保證，擔(dān)?！?；C“確信，肯定”；D選項“依靠”。句意：任務(wù)團(tuán)的負(fù)責(zé)人說：“（）太空航天員不餓肚子是很重要的?！备鶕?jù)句意排除D。

1.assure用來表示向某人保證某事將要發(fā)生，既可以用來確證某事，也可以表示使某人確信，assure的賓語通常是人或人稱代詞，如Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem（他向我們保證他有解決這件事的能力）

2.ensure的意思是使某行為或某件事的結(jié)果得以保證，即確保某事發(fā)生（tomakesurethatsth.happens）。ensure后可以直接跟that-clause，并可以用復(fù)合賓語。Wemustensurethatallpatientshaveaccesstohighqualitycare.（我們必須確保所有的病人都能夠得到高質(zhì)量的護(hù)理。）

3.certain表示某人準(zhǔn)確無疑的相信某事，如She’sabsolutelycertainshe’sgoingtomakeitintheworld.（她確信自己將享譽(yù)全球。）

16.填空題

After（1）aboutitforseveralweeks,wedecidedtodoourfieldworkinanareaofsoutheasternYunnan（2）alongtheborderwithVietnam.The（3）withourchoicewasthattheareawasclosed,sowehadtoaskforofficial（4）toworkatthesitewehadinmind.（5），theofficialswespokewithwereveryopentoourarguments,afterwe（6）ourreasonsforwantingtodofieldworkneartheborder,theyquicklyapprovedourrequest.Wefinishedourfieldworkin2005.LastmonthIwent（7）totheareaforthefirsttimeanddiscoveredthatthingshavechangedgreatly（8）then.Theareaisnowcompletelyopenandthereisabrisktradeinmanufacturedgoodsinthetownsonsidesoftheborder.

句意:

在開始工作幾個星期后，我們決定去云南東南部一個沿途與越南接壤的地方進(jìn)行我們的野外作業(yè)。我們選擇存在的一個問題是這個地方是關(guān)閉的，所以為了去在我們所想的地方作業(yè)，我們不得不去尋求官方的許可。幸運(yùn)的是，與我們談話的官員們非常樂意接受我們的推理。在我們解釋完我們選擇在臨近邊境地方做野外工作的原因后，他們很快就同意了我們的請求。

我們在2005年完成了我們的野外工作。上個月我獨(dú)自第一次去了那個地方，發(fā)現(xiàn)情況從那時起己發(fā)生很大變化。這個區(qū)域現(xiàn)在是完全開發(fā)的，邊境兩邊城鎮(zhèn)里的制成品生意很興隆。

【答案】1.setting

2.all

3.problem

4.approval

5.Fortunately

6.explained

7.alone

8.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Setaboutdoingsth.開始著手做某事。

2.固定搭配。Allalong沿途,一路。

3.由后面的theareawasclosed“這個地方被關(guān)閉了”可推知“我的選擇有問題”,根據(jù)“was”推測此處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式problem。

4.語義題。句意:在這個地方工作需要尋求官方的許可。

5.邏輯銜接。本來以為官方人員不好打交道，幸運(yùn)的是他們比較開明。

6.邏輯銜接。說明施工原因。

7.邏輯關(guān)系。由關(guān)鍵詞“I我”知這里可用副詞alone獨(dú)自”來修飾went（動詞go“去”的過去式）。

8.由空格前的“havechanged己發(fā)生變化”為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)及“then那時”知可填一個表示“從……起”的介詞，故可填from來構(gòu)成from…then從那時起”。

both空格后面為復(fù)數(shù)形式sides,這里填入both表示邊境的兩邊。

17.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

問題1選項

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atanyprice“無論如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“無可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制，其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely，可知選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

ChoosethecorrectletterfromA-Dforeachanswer.

1.ScottMiller（）

2.JoanneMcCarthy（）

3.LouiseTate（）

4.GeorgeMercer（）

5.Thewriterofthisarticle（）

問題1選項

A.hadalwayswantedtoworkfromhome.

B.nolongerhastheoriginalreasonforworkingfromhome.

C.haddifficultypersuadinghisemployertolethimdoit.

D.onlyvisitstheofficeforstaffmeetings.

問題2選項

A.sometimeshasregretsaboutworkingfromhome.

B.enjoystalkingaboutherworkwithherhusband.

C.isstilllearningherbusiness.

D.isdeterminedtoensurethatworkingfromhomesatisfiesher.

問題3選項

A.gotangrywithherhusbandabouttheofficedoor.

B.hadtohaveatotalchangeofmindsettobeworkfromhome.

C.oftengetsdistractedbyherdomesticduties.

D.recommendsworkingfromhome.

問題4選項

A.doesallhisbusinessusingmoderntelecommunications.

B.usuallyonlyseeshismanagersatscheduledmeetings.

C.liveslessthan7milesfromanyofthiscafes.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項

A.isenviousofthesepeoplebeingabletoworkfromhome.

B.worksfromhomeherself.

C.doesn’tgiveheropiniononthesubject.

D.planstoworkfromhomeinthefuture.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Interestingly,IfeelthatIworkevenbetterfromhome,somuchsothateventhoughoursonnowatschool,Istillworkthere.”，可知ScottMiller認(rèn)為在家工作得更好?？膳袛喑鯯cottMiller一直想在家工作。選項A符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Shesaysshelovesthefreedomthatworkingfromhomegivesher,butshereallymissedthesocialinteraction.”，可知JoanneMcCarthy喜歡在家工作給她帶來的自由，但她真的很懷念社交活動?？膳袛喑鯦oanneMcCarthy有時會后悔在家工作。選項A符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Itwassoeasytogetdistractedbytheotherthingsyouhavetodoathome,likewastingandcleaning”，可知LouiseTate認(rèn)為在家工作很容易被家里要做的其他事情分心，比如丟垃圾和打掃?？膳袛喑鯨ouise經(jīng)常被家務(wù)分心。選項C符合題意。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“IfIgetfedupwithworkingfromhomeorifthereareproblemsthathavetobedealtwithinperson.Ijustjumpinthecaranddrivetothecafes.”，可知除了倒數(shù)第三段中提到他通過現(xiàn)代通訊和經(jīng)理們交流之外，如果厭倦了在家工作，或者有一些問題需要親自處理，會直接去咖啡館。選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“wehavemeetingsatmyplace,whichgivethemanagersabreakfromtheirown‘office’.Theygetachangeofscenery.”，可知有時候會選擇在家開會，讓經(jīng)理們在自己的辦公室里休息一下。他們也可以換換環(huán)境?？膳袛喑鯣eorgeMercer并不是在計劃的會議上才能見到經(jīng)理。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段，“GeorgeMercer,whoownssevencafeswithina7-mileradiusofdowntownMiami.HehasbasedhisofficeinhisFortLauderdalebeachfronthome”，可知他在邁阿密市中心方圓7英里內(nèi)擁有7家咖啡館。他的辦公室設(shè)在勞德代爾堡海濱的家中，可判斷出他并沒有住在離這些咖啡館不到7英里的地方。選項C可排除。綜上所述，選項D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。作者在文章中只是就在家工作列舉了很多人的例子，指出有的人喜歡在家工作，而有的人后悔在家工作，并沒有就這個問題發(fā)表自己的看法，沒有在文章中表明自己是否愿意在家工作。選項C符合題意。

19.單選題

Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyfortop-flightstafftravelandtelevisioncommercials.

問題1選項

A.dubiously

B.potently

C.profusely

D.candidly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞lavishly意為“豐富地；浪費(fèi)地；大方地”；A選項“dubiously”意為“懷疑地；可疑地”；B選項“potently”意為“有說服力地；強(qiáng)有力地；有效力地”；C選項“profusely”意為“豐富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D選項“candidly”意為“坦白地；率直地；直率而誠懇地”。句意：此外，競選活動本身得到了慷慨的資助，有足夠的錢用于一流的工作人員旅行和電視廣告。由題干可知，withplentyofmoney（有足夠的錢）說明financed（資助）肯定是充足的，或者數(shù)量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此處最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C選項符合題意。

20.單選題

NewChinesefirstladyPengLiyuan’schoiceofattirehassparkedaflurryofexcitementoveranindependenthomegrownlabel,anunusualphenomenoninacountrywherepoliticalfiguresaremorefrumpythanfashionableandwivesusuallyshyawayfromthespotlight.

ImagesofPeng,50,steppingoffaplanearm-in-armwithherhusbandPresidentX