考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古北方職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古北方職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

問題1選項

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題2選項

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

問題3選項

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

問題4選項

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

問題5選項

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

問題6選項

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

問題7選項

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題8選項

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

問題9選項

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

問題10選項

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

問題11選項

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

問題12選項

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

問題13選項

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

問題14選項

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

問題15選項

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時期的西方哲學家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項B符合句意。

2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時起，藝術(shù)哲學變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項A正確。

3.形近詞辨析題。A選項plant“種植，栽培”；B選項supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項transplant“移植”；D選項replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學取代自然哲學。選項B正確。

5.形近詞辨析題。A選項marking“標記的”；B選項remarking“評論”；C選項marked“顯著的”；D選項remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學的各種核心問題對20世紀的美學方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項A正確。

7.形近詞辨析題。A選項Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項Forethoughtful“深謀遠慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項B更符合原文語境。

8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個并列句，and后面實際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項C正確。

9.考查語法時態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，選項D符合原文。

10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項whereas“然而”；B選項wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項whereon“在那上面”；D選項wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實現(xiàn)某些公認的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點則認為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項A符合原文語境。

11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象?！备鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項C符合原文。

12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個單詞，所以選項D正確。

考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動詞的-ing形式。選項C正確，選項D是完成時態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。

13.形近詞辨析題。A選項diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項dividual“分開的，獨特的”。句意：當代美學關(guān)注的問題包括風格的本質(zhì)及其美學意義等多方面的問題。選項A符合原文句意。

14.形近詞辨析題。A選項reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項reliability“可靠性”；C選項relief“救濟，減輕，解除”；D選項relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學和其他形式的心理學研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項D更符合語境。

15.形近詞辨析題。A選項reason“原因”；B選項reasonableness“合理，妥當”；C選項reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實踐推理中的地位。選項C符合原文語境。

2.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問題3選項

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問題5選項

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩們都知道，大家越是團結(jié)在一起，發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭的機會就越大，選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知沒有人預(yù)見到鐵路是發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭機會越來越多的原因。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火車對人體健康是最危險的。選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光對人的神經(jīng)有影響，選項B可排除。根據(jù)第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知對人體肺部也有影響，選項C排除。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人們沒有預(yù)見鐵路是敵軍快速移動的一種方式，可推斷出作者提出了火車的不好，表明了自己反對鐵路的立場，所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章第二段提到了火車會對身體健康等各方面帶來危害，最后一段還舉到了一位作家對火車描述的例子，可見作者是運用了諷刺的語氣來描寫的。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Theyoungmanwasatthe_______ofhiscareerwhenhewaskilledinacaraccident.

問題1選項

A.zenith

B.glamour

C.bloom

D.blossom

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。zenith“鼎盛時期”；glamour“魅力”；bloom“開花”；blossom“開花期”。句意：這個年輕人處在事業(yè)鼎盛時期，當他死于一場交通事故的時候。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall______.

問題1選項

A.whatthereistolife

B.towhichthereistolife

C.thatisinlife

D.thereistolife

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.whatthereistolife生活有什么意義B.towhichthereistolife這就是生活

C.thatisinlife這就是生活D.thereistolife生活就是這樣

【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)although可知，句子前半句為讓步狀語從句，所以后半句為主句，it是主語，isn’t是系動詞，all是表語，所以空格部分應(yīng)為定語從句修飾all，結(jié)合選項可知，thereis可以看作在定語從句中充當了謂語，tolife是從句中的狀語，那么用作主語的關(guān)系代詞that可以省略，句子可以還原為Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall(that)thereistolife，所以該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項what只能引導名詞性從句；

B項towhich使用不當；

C項不符合句意。

【句意】雖然錢總是有用的，但它并不是生活的全部。

5.單選題

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.

問題1選項

A.bellicose

B.exhausted

C.cautious

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項bellicose“好戰(zhàn)的”；B選項exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C選項cautious“謹慎的”；D選項strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年來，美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對所謂的神藥的態(tài)度開始特別謹慎。根據(jù)語境，C選項cautious“謹慎的”比較符合對miracledrugs“神藥”的態(tài)度，和wary“謹慎的”同義，符合題意。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep（）of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.

問題1選項

A.orders

B.rules

C.patterns

D.characters

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項orders“順序；命令”；B選項rules“規(guī)則”；C選項patterns“模式”；D選項characters“特征”。句意：這項研究包括監(jiān)測100名45歲至80歲精神健康的人的睡眠（）。根據(jù)語境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比較合理。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

MarketshadfearedthatDollymightdisruptproductionintheGulfofMexico,butthestormmissedtheoilfieldsbeforebearing（）Texas.

問題1選項

A.downon

B.downat

C.awayat

D.awayto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。beardownon“逼近，襲擊，沖向”。句意：市場曾擔心颶風多莉可能會打斷墨西哥灣的生產(chǎn)，但風暴在逼近德克薩斯之前沒有擊中油田。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Muchofthenewsprovidedbythisnewspaperis(

)

notforeign.

問題1選項

A.domestic

B.devilish

C.unusual

D.civilian

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。domestic“國內(nèi)的”；devilish“邪惡的，精力旺盛的”；unusual“不尋常的”；civilian“民用的”。句意：這家報紙?zhí)峁┑男侣劧际牵ǎ┑亩皇峭鈬?。由notforeign可推知這家報紙?zhí)峁┑南⒋蟛糠质菄鴥?nèi)的，故A項符合題意。

9.單選題

ThemanyriversofChilearerelativelyshort,generallyrisingintheAndesandflowingwesttothePacific.InthenorthernandcentralregionstheriversarefedprimarilybytheperpetualsnowcoveroftheAndes.

問題1選項

A.everlasting

B.expansive

C.outward

D.movable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.everlasting永久的，永恒的，經(jīng)久不變的B.expansive廣闊的，遼闊的

C.outward表面的，外表的D.movable可移動的，活動的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】perpetual的意思為“持續(xù)的，長久的”，用來形容snow，指的是安第斯山脈的永久性積雪，everlasting與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】智利的許多河流相對較短，大多發(fā)源于安第斯山脈，向西流向太平洋。在北部和中部地區(qū)，河流的主要水源是安第斯山脈的永久性積雪。

10.填空題

Sincehewasachild,DonCameronhasbeeninterestedinanythingwhichflies.HegrewupontheoutskirtsofGlasgowand,asastudentatGlasgowUniversity,joinedtheUniversityAirSquadron.1.（）Hisgrandfatherwasanengineer,whoturnedhishandtomakingmodelsteamenginesandboats.

DonCameron’sfirstjobwasatBristolAircraft,whereheworkedasanengineer.HethenhadjobsinthesteelworksatLanwemandforRio-TintoZineinBristol,workingwithcomputers.Inthemid-sixties,newsofAmericanexperimentswithhotairballoonscrossedtheAtlantic,andheandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle2.（）.

At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon3.（）HehascrossedtheChannelbyballoonandevenflownintheArcticCircleinone."Beforeyouflythere"，heremembers,“youaretoldhowtobuildigloosandsurviveinthesnow.It'salovelyplacetofly”.

"Intheearlydays”,herecalls.“Iusedtoworknightandday.”Helooksdownathisscheduleforthenextfewdays.ItincludesadrivetoFrancetomakeadelivery,plusreadingproofsofaballooninghandbookhehaswritten.“Istilldon'ttakeitveryeasy.”hesays.HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.4.（）.Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.ThefirmexportsallovertheworldandissettingupafactoryinAmerica,whereballoonswillbemadeforthemunderlicense.5.（）.

【答案】1.D

2.E

3.B

4.C

5.A

【解析】1.D項提到了familytradidion家庭傳統(tǒng)，與空格后面的內(nèi)容即對爺爺?shù)慕榻B對應(yīng)。

2.由空格前的內(nèi)容“heandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle.他和幾個朋友決定自己造一個氣球?？赡苁俏鳉W的第一個熱氣球，他們叫它布里斯托爾貝爾?！笨芍穫惻c他的朋友決定自己造氣球，并且創(chuàng)造了西歐第一個熱氣球。E項講述的是他們公司的成就，現(xiàn)在本國就有300個熱氣球。有三分之二的熱氣球是由卡梅倫的公司制作的。能與下文自然銜接。

3.At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon40歲時，他已經(jīng)乘氣球環(huán)游了半個世界。這句為本段的中心句，接下來應(yīng)該會提到他乘坐熱氣球去過的地方。故B項正確。

4.此空前面HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.他在一幢維多利亞時代的大房子的地下室里開始了他的生意，他和他的妻子及兩個孩子住在那里。此空與過去進行對比，講述仙子它的公司很有前途。由空格后的Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.其中包括為廣告目的而特別設(shè)計的氣球,也可知they是指代熱氣球。故C項正確。

5.文章最后講述了卡梅倫公司的成就，A項用具體的數(shù)字能讓人更清楚地知道這家公司的成功。故A項正確。

11.單選題

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

問題1選項

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。inspirational鼓舞人心的；educational教育的；excessive過度的；instantaneous即刻的。句意是：由于她是我的教授兼指導老師，不妨告訴你，她具有一種（

）力量，激發(fā)著她的學生超越自我的期望。因此，A選項符合句意。

12.單選題

Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）,therewasrubbisheverywhere,andthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.scraped

C.scratched

D.smashed

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項scatter“撒播，散布”；B選項scrap“廢棄，拆毀”；C選項scratch“抓，刮”；D選項smashed“打碎，粉碎”。句意：廚房的一扇窗戶被打碎了，到處是垃圾，窗簾和地毯被偷了。選項D符合句意。

13.單選題

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause（）.

3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans（）.

4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof（）.

5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause（）.

問題1選項

A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority

B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland

C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom

D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged

問題2選項

A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope

B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence

C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics

D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish

問題3選項

A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds

B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions

C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues

D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues

問題4選項

A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages

B.gettingsupportinelections

C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority

D.showingtheirgenerosity

問題5選項

A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower

B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp

C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture

D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少數(shù)群體因其不同于占主導地位的多數(shù)群體的特征的程度決定了該群體被接受的程度。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明顯不同特征的移民往往被視為對美國基本價值觀和美國生活方式的威脅。選項C正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”為移民提供公民課程是因為美國希望移民們了解并保持美國的價值觀。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作為對他們幫助的回報，政治領(lǐng)袖們希望移民們在選舉中投票支持他們，從而使他們繼續(xù)掌權(quán)。所以選項B正確。

5.根據(jù)第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世紀的移民生活水平提高主要原因還是美國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，所以選項D正確。

14.單選題

Heseemedreluctanttosendhistroopsinanefforttodiscouragethe（）peasants.

問題1選項

A.animated

B.rebellious

C.creased

D.impassive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。animated“活生生的；活潑的”；rebellious“反抗的；造反的”；creased“有折痕的”；impassive“冷漠的；無感覺的”，根據(jù)troops“軍隊”一詞可知此處的peasant“農(nóng)民”是需要被鎮(zhèn)壓的，分析四個選項可知此處填rebellious這個形容詞符合句意。句意：他好像不愿意派他的軍隊去鎮(zhèn)壓……農(nóng)民。由此得知B選項正確。

15.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.

B.Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.

C.Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.

D.Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.

問題2選項

A.Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.

B.Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.

C.Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.

D.Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.

問題3選項

A.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.

B.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.

C.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.

D.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.

問題4選項

A.Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.

B.Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.

C.Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.

D.Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

[22]Whydooldpeopledislikenewmusic?AsI’vegrownolder,Ioftenhearpeoplemyagesaythingsliketheyjustdon’tmakegoodmusicliketheyusedto.Whydoesthishappen?Luckily,psychologycangiveussomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.

[23]Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushavestoppedlisteningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,popularsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquitepopularamongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.

Therecouldbeabiologicalexplanationforthis,asthere’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswithage.Sotoolderpeople,newer,lessfamiliarsongsmightall“soundthesame”.

[22]Butthere’remaybesomesimplerreasonsforolderpeople’saversiontonewermusic.[24]Oneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychologyissomethingcalledthe“mereexposureeffect”,whichinessencemeansthatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.

Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementswesee,andthesongswelistento.

Whenyou’reinyourearlyteens,youprobablyspendafairamountoftimelisteningtomusicorwatchingmusicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.Formanypeopleover30,jobandfamilyobligationsincrease,sothere’slesstimetospenddiscoveringnewmusic.Instead,manywillsimplylistentoold,familiarfavoritesfromthatperiodoftheirliveswhentheyhadmorefreetime.

Ofcourse,thoseteenyearsweren’tnecessarilycarefree.They’refamouslyconfusing,whichiswhysomanyTVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.

[25]Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatweexperienceasteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Andwealsoknowthatintenseemotionsareassociatedwithstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Bothofthesemightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.

Sothere’snothingwrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Rather,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.

22.Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscussinthistalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者在這次演講中主要討論了什么？錄音開頭就提出為什么老年人不喜歡新音樂的問題，后來提到也許還有一些更簡單的原因?qū)е吕夏耆藢π乱魳返姆锤?。因此D選項“老年人對新音樂的反感”正確。A選項“新音樂質(zhì)量的下降”、B選項“對好音樂特點的洞察”以及C選項“老年人不斷變化的音樂品味”均不是這次演講討論的主要內(nèi)容，因此排除。

23.Whathavestudiesfoundaboutmostpeoplebythetimetheyturned33?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于大多數(shù)到了33歲的人，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音提到，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們到了33歲的時候，我們中的大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)不再聽新音樂了。A選項中的nolonger是原文stopped的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此A選項“他們不再聽新音樂”正確。B選項“他們覺得所有音樂都一樣”表述過于絕對，原文中說的是上了年紀的人覺得較新的、較不熟悉的音樂聽上去都一樣，并不是所有的音樂，因此B選項排除；C選項“他們能對音樂進行細微的區(qū)分”，與原文表述恰好相反，錄音提到的是隨著年齡的增長，大腦對不同和弦、節(jié)奏和旋律進行微妙區(qū)分的能力會退化，因此C選項錯誤；D選項“他們很少聽十幾歲時發(fā)行的歌曲”表述錯誤，錄音中提及，在你十幾歲的時候發(fā)布的流行歌曲，很可能在你的余生中，在你的同齡人中仍然非常受歡迎，因此D選項也可排除。

24.Whatdowelearnfromoneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychology?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問從社會心理學中被研究得最多的一個規(guī)律中，我們能學到什么？錄音中提及，社會心理學研究最多的定律之一是“純粹接觸效應(yīng)”的東西，從本質(zhì)上說，這意味著我們越接觸某樣東西，我們越傾向于喜歡它。D選項“你對某事物感受得越多，你就越喜歡它”是對錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項“你接觸某事物越多，你對它就越熟悉”；B選項“你接觸某事物越多，你就會對它理解得越深刻”以及C選項“你對某事物感受得越多，你記住它的時間就越長”均不正確。

25.Whatmightexplainthefactthatsongspeoplelistentointheirteenyearsarememorableandbeloved?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問人們在青少年時期所聽的歌曲都是他們難忘的、喜愛的，這可能是什么原因？錄音提到，心理學研究表明，我們在青少年時期所經(jīng)歷的情緒似乎比后來的情緒更加強烈。而且我們還知道，強烈的情緒與更強的記憶和喜好有關(guān)。這兩點或許可以解釋為什么我們在這一時期聽的歌曲會變得如此令人難忘和深受喜愛。因此B選項“青少年的情緒更強烈”正確。A選項“青少年的記憶更持久”；C選項“青少年更敏感”和D選項“青少年更多愁善感”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

16.翻譯題

該法案旨在對美國中小學進行教育改革并使所有兒童有機會得到高質(zhì)量的教育。最終目標是確保無一人落后。由于此法案的實施，學校有更多的靈活性把資源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地參與孩子的教育。

【答案】答：

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.

17.單選題

JohnFisher,abuilder,an