考研考博-英語-哈爾濱城市職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱城市職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Bankingisaboutmoney;andnootherfamiliarcommodityarousessuchexcessesofpassionanddislike.Noristhereanyotheraboutwhichmorenonsenseistalked.Thetypeofthingthatcomestomindisnotwhatisnormallycalledeconomics,whichisinexactratherthannonsensical,andonlyinthesamewayasallsciencesareatthepointwheretheytrytopredictpeople’sbehavioranditsconsequences.Indeedmostsocialsciencesand,forexample,medicinecouldprobablybedescribedinthesameway.

However,itiscommontohearassertionsofthekind“ifyouwereleftaloneonadesertislandafewseedpotatoeswouldbemoreusetoyouthanamillionpounds”asthoughthisprovessomethingimportantaboutmoneyexcepttheundeniablefactthatitwouldnotbemuchusetoanyoneinasituationwhereveryfewofusareatalllikelytofindourselves.Moneyinfactisatoken,orsymbolicobject,exchangeableondemandbyitsholdersforgoodsandservices.Itsuseforthesepurposesisuniversalexceptwithinasmallnumberofprimitiveagriculturalcommunities.

Moneyandthepricemechanism,i.e.,thechangesinpricesexpressedinmoneytermsofdifferentgoodsandservices,arethemeansbywhichallmodernsocietiesregulatedemandandsupplyforthesethings.Especiallyimportantaretherelativechangesinpriceofdifferentgoodsandservicescomparedwitheachother.Totakerandomexamples:thepriceofhouse-buildinghasoverthepastfiveyearsrisenagooddealfasterthanthatofdomesticapplianceslikerefrigerators,butslowerthanthatofmotorinsuranceorFrenchImpressionistpaintings.Thisfacthascompleximplicationsforstudentsoftheindustry,tradeunionism,townplanning,insurancecompanies,fineartsuctions,andpolitics.Unpackingtheseimplicationsiswhateconomicsisabout,buttheirimplicationsforbankersarequitedifferent.

Ingeneral,inmodernindustrializedsocieties,pricesofservicesorgoodsproducedinacontextrequiringahighservice-content(e.g.amealinarestaurant)arescale.Itisalsoacharacteristicofhighlydevelopedeconomiesthatthenumberofworkersemployedinserviceindustriestendstoriseandthatofworkersemployedinmanufacturingtofall.Thediscomfortthistruthcauseshasbeenanimportantsourceoftensioninwesternpoliticallifeformanyyearsandislikelytoremainsoformanymore.

1.Accordingtothepassageeconomicsis（

）.

2.Inthewriter’sview,theassertionthatmoneywouldbeuselessonadesertinland（

）.

3.Modernsocietiescontrolsupplyanddemand（

）.

4.Thewritersuggeststhateconomicsisconcernedwith（

）.

5.Indevelopedeconomies,serviceindustries（

）.

問題1選項

A.similartoothersocialsciencesbecausealotofnonsenseistalkedaboutit

B.differentfromsocialscienceswhichtrytoforecastthewaypeoplebehave

C.similartoothersocialsciencesbecauseitcanforetellthetomorrow

D.differentfromsciencessuchasmedicine

問題2選項

A.illustratesonelimitationtotheimportanceofmoney

B.isonlyofimportancetopeoplestrandedinsuchplaces

C.provesthattherearemanysituationsinwhichmoneyisirrelevant

D.tellsusnothingofsignificanceaboutmoneyinacertainsituation

問題3選項

A.bydirectinterventioninthepricingofgoodsandservices

B.bymeansofmoneyandthepricemechanism

C.bykeepingawatchfuleyeonrelativepricechanges

D.byfixingpricesinspecificindustries

問題4選項

A.explainingtobankersthepricechanges

B.understandingtheeffectofrelativepricechanges

C.tryingtounderstandwhysomepricesrisefast

D.thesamefinancialconsiderationsasbanking

問題5選項

A.tendtoemployanincreasingnumberofpeople

B.employmorepeoplethanmanufacturingindustriesdo

C.causeproblemsforthewhitecollarunions

D.trytoreducetheiremployeestocombatrisingcosts

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句Thetypeofthingthatcomestomindisnotwhatisnormallycalledeconomics,whichisinexactratherthannonsensical,andonlyinthesamewayasallsciencesareatthepointwheretheytrytopredictpeople’sbehavioranditsconsequences從這句可知經濟學在試圖預測人們的行為模式及其后果方面與其他科學存在共同點，但是在其他方面則不一樣。選項D“與其他科學不同，比如醫(yī)學”。

2.文章第二段thisprovessomethingimportantaboutmoneyexcepttheundeniablefactthatitwouldnotbemuchusetoanyoneinasituationwhereveryfewofusareatalllikelytofindourselves提到這似乎證明了金錢的一個要義，但卻無法說明一個不容否認的事實，那就是極少有人會陷身于這種金錢無用的境地。選項D符合題意，“金錢在特定的條件下是沒有用的”。

3.文章第三段第一句Moneyandthepricemechanism,i.e.,thechangesinpricesexpressedinmoneytermsofdifferentgoodsandservices,arethemeansbywhichallmodernsocietiesregulatedemandandsupplyforthesethings提到金錢和價格機制，即用金錢形式的價格變化來表現(xiàn)不同商品和服務，是所有現(xiàn)代社會用以調節(jié)這些東西供需的方式，選項B“通過金錢和價格機制”符合題意。

4.文章第三段第二句Especiallyimportantaretherelativechangesinpriceofdifferentgoodsandservicescomparedwitheachother提到不同商品或服務價格上的相應變化尤其重要；第三段最后一句話Unpackingtheseimplicationsiswhateconomicsisabout,buttheirimplicationsforbankersarequitedifferent提到揭開這些含意就是經濟學要做的，但是這些含意對銀行家來說又很不一樣。由這兩處可以得知經濟學主要是了解相對價格變化的含意。選項B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段Itisalsoacharacteristicofhighlydevelopedeconomiesthatthenumberofworkersemployedinserviceindustriestendstoriseandthatofworkersemployedinmanufacturingtofall提到高度發(fā)達國家的一個特點就是服務行業(yè)的就業(yè)人數(shù)在增長，而制造業(yè)的工人數(shù)量在減少。選項A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(15points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

56.Incomparisonwithmilitary,politicalandeconomicsecurity,ecologicalsecurityhasawiderinfluenceonthecommonpeoplelivinginacountry.Onceitsecologicalenvironmentisdestroyed,thefuturesurvivalofthewholenation,especiallythepoorwillbehorriblyundermined,anditwillbeextremelydifficultforageneration,oreventensofgenerationstoreclaimtheenvironmentonceecologicaldeteriorationgoesbeyondacertainthreshold.AlthoughprotectionoftheenvironmenthaslongbeenamatterofbasicstatepolicyfortheChinesegovernment,itisaundeniablefactthat,onthewhole,effortstoimprovetheenvironmenthavelargelyfailedtomatchdestructiveforcesworkingagainstthem.

57.Thisbookderiversfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytospecialistsandafewgiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopherwhetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatisoffersintroductorystudentstheotherwiseopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.

58.What’sstrangeaboutmanisthathehasyettolearntosettledisputesbysomemeansotherthanwar.Notonlydoeswartakeaheavytolloflives,butleadstoincreasedtension.Theuseofsophisticatedweaponsisapttobringaboutdisasterstohumanhealthalthoughthereluctancetoeliminateweaponsofmassdestructiononthepartofthebigpowerswillnotnecessarilyendupwithconflicts.Thechancesarethatmanwillhavehisowncivilizationdestroyedifthenotionofthesurvivalofthefitteststillappliestotheinternationalcommunity.Wecannothelpwonderinghowmanyyearsitwilltakefortheworldtoeliminatewaronceforall.

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

59.擴大內需是我國經濟發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點，也是促進經濟均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內在要求。(5points)

60.近年來我國收入差距不斷擴大已成為不爭的事實，收入分配的公平問題越來越受到公眾的高度關注。(5points)

61.實現(xiàn)義務教育均衡發(fā)展已經成為社會共識，但是，我國目前財政教育經費投入不足，教育資源分配結構也不合理，地區(qū)教育公共服務的提供依然存在較大的差異。(6points)

62.文化是某一特定人群所有傳統(tǒng)、習俗、信仰和各種生活方式的總和。(4points)

【答案】SectionAEnglishtoChinese

56.一旦生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，整個國家，尤其是窮人將來的生存將會受到極大的損害，而且一旦生態(tài)惡化超過一定限度，那么一代人，甚至幾十代人要想重新修復環(huán)境都極為困難。盡管保護環(huán)境一直是中國政府制定的一項基本國策，然而一個不可否認的事實是，總的來說，改善環(huán)境的種種努力很大程度上未能抵抗破壞環(huán)境的力量。

57.它基于以下觀點：哲學的確是一門有趣的學科，不僅專家和有的具有天賦的本科生可以理解哲學，人人都可理解。不論是否上過哲學課，每個人都是哲學家。區(qū)別在于：系統(tǒng)學習過哲學的人具有這樣的優(yōu)勢，他們遇到的論點要比以其他方式遇到的論點更有說服力、種類更多。該書的特點是：它使初學者有機會直接接觸選自重要哲學著作并有實質內容的讀物，但并不過分地要求學生必須通讀這些很難讀懂的書籍。

58.盡管大國不愿意銷毀大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的心理不一定導致沖突，但尖端武器的使用會給人類健康帶來災難。如果適者生存（或優(yōu)勝劣汰）這觀念仍使用于國際社會，那么人類的文明就很可能遭到毀滅。我們不禁要問世界需要多少年才能徹底消滅戰(zhàn)爭。

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

59.Expansionofdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicapproachinourcountry’seconomicdevelopmentandbasicstandpoint,andalsotopromotebalancedeconomicdevelopmentwithinthefundamentalapproachandtherequired.

60.Inrecentyears,thewideningofincomegaphasbecomeanindisputablefact,andthefairnessofincomedistributionhasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentionbythepublic.

61.Ithasbecomeasocialconsensustorealizethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation.However,becausenationalexpenditureoneducationisinsufficient,andthedistributionstructureofeducationresourcesisunreasonable,therearestillgreatdifferencesintheprovisionofeducationalpublicservicesindifferentregions.

62.Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.

3.單選題

Afterawholeday’sheavywork，theoldworkerreturnedhome,（

）.

問題1選項

A.hungryandfeltexhausting

B.hungerandexhausted

C.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted

D.hungryandexhausted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞作狀語。題干的主語是theoldworker,空格處填兩個形容詞來修飾主語。根據(jù)前一句“在一天的勞累工作之后”可知這個老工人是饑餓并且疲憊的。exhausting使筋疲力盡的；exhausted疲憊的。故D項正確。句意：在經歷一天的勞累工作后，這個老工人帶著饑餓和疲憊回家了。

4.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問題1選項

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

5.單選題

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

問題1選項

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查錯綜時間虛擬條件句。第一句是虛擬過去時IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=過去時)，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，關鍵是now，表示現(xiàn)在，時態(tài)發(fā)生改變。變?yōu)殄e綜虛擬條件句，即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或將來，此時應根據(jù)具體的語境情調整。句意：如果美國在1995年為窮人建造更多的住房，現(xiàn)在美國一些地區(qū)的住房問題就不會那么嚴重。本句表示如果以前怎樣，那現(xiàn)在的問題就不會那么嚴重，主句時態(tài)用情態(tài)動詞+現(xiàn)在時。因此A選項正確。

6.翻譯題

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedicalliteraturefrequentlywas.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.(1)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Whatisimportantisnottruth,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:(2)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.

(3)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency,forexample,bytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spaper.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(4)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

Boilingdownanindividual'soutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(5)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsencouragethatkindofscience.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】醫(yī)學期刊中由有多類似的無稽之談，這些說法一旦被廣播公司和新聞媒體報道，就會引發(fā)健康恐慌和短暫的飲食熱潮。

2.【參考譯文】如今，任何申請研究職位的人都必須發(fā)表兩倍于10年前同一職位所需的論文數(shù)量。

3.【參考譯文】人們已經做出努力來遏制這種趨勢，例如，將質量和數(shù)量標準納入申請者的論文評估中。

4.【參考譯文】如果不是因為科學家們可以很容易地在未來的出版物中引用自己的觀點，或者讓同事為他們這樣做以換取類似的好處，這將是合理的。

5.【參考譯文】如果我們確實要保證我們的科學既有意義又可再生，那么我們必須確保我們的機構鼓勵這種科學的進步。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

宇宙間繁星密布，人們以為這之中有一些如我們的太陽一樣為行星環(huán)繞，而在這些行星上可能存在有智能的生物，或許他們比我們更先進。所以有可能在百萬年左右某些生物乘坐自己的飛船穿越太空時，會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的某艘“旅行者(Voyager)”號飛船。星球之間的距離十分遙遠，這樣的一次相聚可能性極小，但這并不是完全不可能的?？茖W家希望有機會和我們遙遠的鄰居傳遞信息，讓他們知道我們這個藍色的星球曾經是相當聰明的、多少有點文明的人類的家園。

【答案】Amongthestarswhichdottheuniverse,peoplethinkthattherearesomestarsencircledbyplanetslikeoursunandintelligentcreaturesmayliveontheseplanets,maybetheyaremoreadvancedthanus.Soitispossiblethatwhensomecreaturestaketheirownspacecraftthroughspaceaboutonemillionyearslater,theywillfindoneofour“Voyager”spacecraft.Thedistancebetweenplanetsissofarawaythatthechanceofsuchameetingisverysmall,butthisisnotentirelyimpossible.Scientistshopetohavetheopportunitytopassinformationtoourdistantneighbors,lettingthemknowourblueplanetusedtobethehomelandofhumanbeingwhoisveryintelligentandsomewhatcivilized.

8.翻譯題

1.Heresearchersalsoused“cloudcomputing”services,whichprovidelotsofcheapprocessingpower.AndtheywenttosocialnetworkslikeFacebookandLinkedln,wheremostuserspostrealnamesandphotosofthemselves.

2.Thenotionordenyinggaysthespousalrightsavailabletoothersmakeslittlesensetoagenerationthatseesmarriageatleastasmuchasaunionofsoul-matesasaformalstructureforchild-rearing.

3.不像在西方的政黨，中國共產黨，是開創(chuàng)性的黨，是全心全意致力于為人民服務的黨。然而，如果中國共產黨未能履行其承諾，也有可能侵蝕黨執(zhí)政的基石。

4.南寧華潤萬家城是目前廣西最大一站式購物中心，擁有PRADA、GUCCI、BURRERRY、ShiatzyChen、OMEGA、Cartier等超千個國際國內知名品牌以及各國特色餐飲等休閑消費購物娛樂設施。

5.我的最大愛好是沉思默想。我可以一個人長時間地獨處而感到愉快。獨享歡樂是一種愉快，獨自憂傷也是一種愉快。孤獨的時候，精神不會是一片純粹的空白，它仍然是一個豐富多彩的世界。

【答案】1.研究者還使用了“云計算”服務，因為它具有很強的處理能力，而且價格低廉。他們常上Facebook和Linkedln等社交網站，那里大多數(shù)的用戶使用自己真實的名字和照片。

2.這一代的年輕人將婚姻視作靈魂上的伴侶和名正言順的生兒育女，至少，他（她）們認為兩者同等重要。因此，異性有權利結婚，而同性卻不能夠，年輕人對此種想法表示無法理解。

3.UnlikepoliticalpartiesintheWest,theCPC,apioneeringparty,iscommittedtowholeheartedlyservingthepeople.However,thecornerstoneoftheParty’sgovernancemaybeerodediftheCPCfailstofulfillitscommitment.

4.TheMixcinNanningisnowthebiggestone-stopmallinGuangxiProvince,havingfacilitieswithleisureconsumption,shoppingandentertainment,whichincludethousandsofinternationalanddomesticfamousbrands,suchasPRADA,GUCCI,BURBERRY,andShiatzyChen,OMEGA,andCartier,aswellasspecialrestaurantsfromdifferentcountries.

5.Mygreatesthobbyismeditation.Icanstayinsolitudeforalongtimewithoutfeelingunpleasant.Toenjoyhappinessbyoneselfisapleasure;tobearsadnessaloneisalsoapleasure.Whenyoustayalone,yourmindwillnotfallintoacompleteblank,butremaininavariedandcolorfulworld.

9.單選題

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

問題1選項

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項splinter“碎片”；B選項index“指數(shù)”；C選項axis“軸線”；D選項trace“痕跡”。句意：金星和地球一樣，繞著太陽公轉，也繞著自己的軸心自轉。本句表示自轉軸。因此C選項正確。

10.翻譯題

Thehistoryofecologicalchangeisstillsoelementarythatweknowlittleaboutwhatreallyhappened,orwhattheresultswere.ThedestructionoftheEuropeanaurochsaslateas1627wouldseemtohavebeenasimplecaseofoverenthusiastichunting.Onmorecomplexmattersitoftenisimpossibletofindsolidinformation.ForathousandyearsormoretheFrisiansandNetherlandershavebeenpushingbacktheNorthSea,andtheprocessisculminatinginourowntimeinthereclamationoftheZuiderZee.What,ifany,speciesofanimals,birds,fish,shorelife,orplantshavediedoutintheprocess?IntheirheroiccombatwiththeseahavetheNetherlandersoverlookedecologicalvaluesinsuchawaythatthequalityofhumanlifeintheNetherlandshassuffered?Icannotdiscoverthatthequestionshaveeverbeenasked,muchlessanswered.

(1)People,then,haveoftenbeenadynamicelementintheirownenvironment,butinthepresentstateofhistoricalscholarshipweusuallydoknowexactlywhen,where,orwithwhateffectsman-inducedchangescame.Asweenterthelastthirdofthe20thcentury,howeverfortheproblemofecologicalbacklashismountingfeverishly.Naturalscience,conceivedastheefforttounderstandthenatureofthings,hadflourishedinseveralerasandamongseveralpeoples.Similarlytherehadbeenanage-oldaccumulationoftechnologicalskills,sometimesgrowingrapidly,sometimesslowly.ButitwasnotuntilaboutfourgenerationsagothatWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaarrangedamarriagebetweenscienceandtechnology,aunionofthetheoreticalandtheempiricalapproachestoournaturalenvironment.TheemergenceinwidespreadpracticeoftheBaconianbeliefthatscientificknowledgemeanstechnologicalpowerovernaturecanscarcelybedatedbeforeabout1850,saveinthechemicalindustries,whereitisanticipatedinthe18thcentury.(2)Itsacceptanceasanormalpatternofactionmaymarkthegreatesteventinhumanhistorysincetheinventionofagriculture,andperhapsinnonhumanearthhistoryaswell.

【答案】1.因此，人們在他們自己的環(huán)境中常常是一個動態(tài)的因素，但在目前的歷史學術狀態(tài)下，我們通常確實知道人為的變化在何時、何地或以何種影響出現(xiàn)。

2.它被接受為一種正常的行為模式，可能標志著自農業(yè)發(fā)明以來人類歷史上最重大的事件，也許在非人類的地球歷史上也是如此。

11.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項A錯誤；選項B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內容可知，選項C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項B符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項A和B都有提及，所以選項D正確。

12.單選題

Ethnicityshouldnotbethesolecriteriaintherestructuringprocessbecauseithasthe（）powertolullconsciousnessoftheimplementersandmakethem（）thosewhoarefromdifferentgroups.

問題1選項

A.dominant...bearthesightof

B.disproportionate...settheirsightson

C.uncannylosesightof

D.inherent...catchsightof

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占優(yōu)勢的，支配的”；沒有搭配bearthesightof，選項A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”；setone'ssighton“以為目標”；uncanny“神秘的，離奇的”；losesightof“忽視，不看”；inherent“固有的，內在的”；catchsightof“看見”。句意：種族不應該成為改進進程的唯一標準，因為它有一種內在的力量減弱主體意識，并且使他們看到來自不同群體的成員。選項D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese

Deathisasubjectthatisevaded,ignored,anddeniedbyouryouth-worshiping,process-orient.edsociety.Itisalmostaswehavetakenondeathasjustanotherdiseasetobeconquered.Butthefactisthatdeathisinevitable.Wewillalldie;itisonlyamatteroftime.Deathisasmuchapartofhumanexistence,ofhumangrowthanddevelopment,asbeingborn.Itisoneofthefewthingsinlifewecancounton,thatwecanbeassuredwilloccur.Deathisnotanenemytobeconqueredoraprisontobeescaped.Itisanintegralpartofourlivesthatgivesmeaningtohumanexistence.Itsetsalimitonourtimeinthislife,urgingustodosomethingproductivewiththattimeaslongasitisourstouse.

【答案】在一個崇尚年輕和發(fā)展的進步的社會里，死亡是一個被逃避、忽略和否認的話題。就像我們把死亡當作另一種需要征服的疾病一樣。但事實是死亡是不可避免的。我們都會死去，這只是時間問題。死亡和出生一樣，是人類生存、成長和發(fā)展的一部分。它是我們生活中可以確定將會發(fā)生的為數(shù)不多的幾件事之一。死亡不是要征服的敵人，也不是要逃跑的監(jiān)獄。它是我們生活中不可分割的一部分，賦予了人類生存的意義。

它限制了我們這一生的時間，敦促我們利用這段時間做一些富有成效的事情，只要它是我們可以使用的。

14.單選題

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

問題1選項

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。assumption“假設”;supposition“推測”;ideology“意識形態(tài)，思想體系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：歷史學家有一個基本的思想體系，也就是從過去的錯誤中汲取教訓。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

問題1選項

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】時態(tài)錯誤。hadmovedto改為havemovedto。“Ialreadyfeel我已經感覺”是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，因此，前一個表示原因的分句應該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

16.單選題

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

問題1選項

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最擔心的是:不允許小孩去看望醫(yī)院的媽媽。

語法題。考查動名詞的否定。was是系動詞，故后面需要用名詞性的詞充當表語。動名詞的否定形式為:not+動名詞。因此排除C和D。由于allow與邏輯主語child形成被動關系，即使用被動語態(tài)。因此選B項。

17.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaorthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhichbycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesortheso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,imitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilyhisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movetoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdb