考研考博-英語-蘭州石化職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州石化職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Johnmade（）keysforthehouse:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.

問題1選項

A.deviate

B.duplicate

C.dozen

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。deviate偏離的；duplicate復(fù)制的；dozen一打；deliberate故意的。句意：約翰復(fù)制了兩把房子的鑰匙,

一把給妻子,

一把給自己。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Viewingyouraccountbalancesanytimeyouwant,youcantransfermoneyaccountsatyourconvenience.

問題1選項

A.to

B.between

C.from

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞用法。A項to“向……”，B項between“在……之間”，C項from“從，來自……”，D項with“和……”；句意：任何時候您都可以查看您的賬戶余額，也可以方便的時候在賬戶間相互轉(zhuǎn)賬。transfer一般是指兩個事物之間的轉(zhuǎn)移，所以B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Humble（

）itmaybe,there’snoplacelikehome,（

）hermaygo.

問題1選項

A.like,when

B.as,wherever

C.although,where

D.which,wherever

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句必須進(jìn)行倒裝，此處將表語humble提前；wherever意為“無論哪兒”，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。

句意：盡管家很簡陋，但無論她去哪兒，沒有一個地方可以和家相提并論。

4.翻譯題

Directions:Forthispart,youaretotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

中國的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。為了在科學(xué)技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達(dá)國家，中國近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)，從新能源到機(jī)器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。他們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國企業(yè)家也在努力爭做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外消費市場不斷變化和增長的需求。

【答案】InnovationinChinaisboomingatanunprecedentedrate.Inordertocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahasgreatlyincreaseditsresearchanddevelopmentfundinrecentyears.Theyarealsoworkingwithscienceandtechnologyparksaroundthecountrytocommercializetheirinnovations.Atthesametime,whetherinproductsorbusinessmodels,Chineseentrepreneursarestrivingtobepioneersininnovationtoadapttotheever-changingandgrowingneedsofdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets.

5.單選題

Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

問題1選項

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項validity“有效性，正確性”；B選項liability“責(zé)任，可能性”；C選項capability“才能，能力”；D選項intensity“強(qiáng)度”。句意：雷達(dá)是用來擴(kuò)展人們觀察環(huán)境的感知能力，特別是視覺感知能力。選項C符合語境。

6.單選題

Iamwritingthisathomebecauselastweekmyergonomic(符合人體工程學(xué)的)chairattheofficefellapart,unableanylongertobearmyweight.Iamwritingitonacomputerthatisproppedontopoftwothickbooks,becauseotherwisemyneckwouldbecrickedasIpeeredatthescreen.At1.93mandweighing...well,I’mnotgoingtosaywhatIweigh,butthinksecond-rowrugbyunionforward...Iamnotbuiltforthisworld.WethereforewelcomeanewreportfromProfessorTimHattonattheUniversityofEssex,demonstratingthattheaverageheightofmeninEuropehasincreasedby4inchesinthepastcenturyandintheUKbyawhopping5inches.Asimilarincreaseislikelytohaveoccurredamongwomen:but,becausethestudyisbasedinpartonmilitaryrecords,evidenceisthinnerontheground.

Theproblem,asHattonobserves,isthattheworldhasn’tkeptpacewithourincreasedheight.Ilongagoabandonedbuses—leveringmyselfintoanarrowseatwasimpossible.Airtravelisalsochallenging.IwasinthebackrowofaneasyJetplanerecently,whichhasevenlessspacethananordinaryseat,andwouldhaveendedupwithaseverebackachehaditnotbeenforsomethoughtfulpassengernotturningup,allowingmetorelocatetoanaisleseatwheretheonlydangerisbeinghitbythetrolley.

Smallcarsareimpossible—Ihavetodrivewithmyheadthroughthesunroof.WestEndtheatersarehopelesslycramped.Asbeforeincricketgrounds:Iwouldundernocircumstancespay￡80foraplasticbucketseatataTestmatch,whereIwouldbewedgeduneasilybetweentwoloud,red-trouseredmerchantbankerssippingwarmchampagne.Asforthoseappallingpinebedswithfootboards,usuallyfoundinabsurdlysmallhotelroomswhereIinvariablygetstuckinthetoiletbecausethedoorwon’topenwithmeinside,theyshouldbebannedimmediately.

Ourextraheightgenerallymeansextraweight.USdatashowthatbaseballplayersareonaverage3inchestallerand2stonesheavierthantheywereacenturyago—andthesearethesuperfitguys.OtherdatasuggestordinaryAmericanshaveadded2.54cmand12.6kginthepast50yearsalone.Weareallgiantsnow—orwillbesoon.Asarepresentativeofthisnewbreed,Iwouldsayjustonething:bewaregardenfurniture.Itappearstobemadeforgnomes.Iroutinelyremovepleasant-lookingbutwhollyimpracticalcanechairs,andonce,whileinterviewingtheactressJennySeagrove,snappedthestringsofahammock-typechairinhergarden.Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.WhatisthetoneofthewriterwhenheisdepictinghisrecenttravelinaneasyJetplane?

3.Accordingtothecontext,theword“gnomes”(Para.5)mightbe（）.

4.WhathappenedtothewriterwhilehewasinterviewingJennySeagrove?

問題1選項

A.PoorQualityofChairs

B.TroublewithBeingTall

C.EmbarrassmentofBeingRejected

D.DifficultiesinTakingPlanesandBuses

問題2選項

A.Angry.

B.Sarcastic.

C.Humorous.

D.Envious.

問題3選項

A.peopleofvastbulk

B.peopleofsmallsizes

C.representativesofAmericans

D.representativesofbaseballplayers

問題4選項

A.Hesuddenlyfelldownonthelawn.

B.Hepretendedtobeveryserious.

C.Hemadeafoolofhimselfonpurpose.

D.Hefailedtofinishhisinterview

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是作者描述自己個子高，身體重帶來的麻煩，選項A,C,D均為由此帶來的麻煩，選項B概括全面，所以作為標(biāo)題最恰當(dāng)。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“easyjetplane”定位到第二段后半部分，作者提到飛機(jī)上的座位空間比一般的座位要小,如果不是因為某位體貼的乘客沒有出現(xiàn)，使我可以坐在靠近過道的座位上，到下飛機(jī)的時候我可能會腰酸背痛,唯一的威脅就是會被手推車撞到。根據(jù)作者的描述可知，這是一種挖苦和嘲諷的語氣。選項B正確。

3.作者在上文提到“Weareallgiants...bewaregardenfurniture.”我們現(xiàn)在都是巨人——或者即將成為巨人。但是要注意一件事:當(dāng)心花園家具。說明花園家具不適用于大塊頭的人，那么可以推測，“gnomes”指體型較小的人。選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.”在你的巨大身軀突然摔倒在他們修剪整齊的草坪上之后，讓采訪者認(rèn)真對待你就不容易了。選項A符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

7.單選題

AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircell-phonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.“Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents,”saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.

Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.

“Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad.”saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(剽竊)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.

Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand.“Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey’regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey’rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,”saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed“sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn’tdo.”

Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.

1.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating（）.

2.AccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents（）.

3.Towinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto（）.

4.AccordingtoRyanDapremont,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythemostsignificantmeasuretofightcheating?

問題1選項

A.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildevicet

B.whenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmatest

C.aftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemt

D.afterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthorityt

問題2選項

A.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestyt

B.didn’thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexamt

C.couldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenought

D.couldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystemt

問題3選項

A.usemanyhigh-techdevicest

B.cutoffInternetaccessoncampust

C.turntotheoralexaminationformst

D.cutofftheuseofhigh-techdevicest

問題4選項

A.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatingt

B.hisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingt

C.cheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminationst

D.itwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternett

問題5選項

A.Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.t

B.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.t

C.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.t

D.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的一名學(xué)生被發(fā)現(xiàn)作弊……”。第一段指出AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.（在加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(UCLA)，一名學(xué)生將他的課堂筆記加載到一個手持電子郵件設(shè)備中，并試圖在考試時閱讀它們：一個同學(xué)告發(fā)了他），由此可知D項“在他的同學(xué)向當(dāng)局報告了他的作弊行為后”正確。A項“當(dāng)他把他的課堂筆記載入一個手持電子郵件設(shè)備時”，這是作弊的方法；B項“當(dāng)他試圖把答案告訴他的同學(xué)時”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項“在學(xué)校實行了新的考試監(jiān)督制度后”，第一段提到AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestions…putinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.（在拉斯維加斯的內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)(UNLV)，學(xué)生們用手機(jī)攝像頭拍攝試題……實行了新的考試監(jiān)督制度），由此可知實行新的考試監(jiān)督制度是內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)，而不是加州大學(xué)，C項錯誤。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“據(jù)羅恩雅斯賓說，所有作弊的學(xué)生……”。第一段最后一句雅斯賓提到了Ifthey’dspendasmuchtimestudying,they’dallbeAstudents（如果他們花同樣多的時間學(xué)習(xí)，他們都能成為優(yōu)等生），由此可知C項“如果他們學(xué)習(xí)足夠努力，他們能得最高分”符合題意。A項“他們的不誠實應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”、B項“考試前沒有太多時間學(xué)習(xí)”和D項“因為他們不熟悉新系統(tǒng)所以可以被原諒”在文中雅斯賓都沒有提到過。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“為了在新的考試中贏得貓和老鼠的游戲，大學(xué)管理者們必須……”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcell-phonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.（為了打擊考試季的作弊行為，他們切斷了筆記本電腦的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，要求考生在考試前交出手機(jī)，或者干脆要求考生用紙筆考試）可知，D項“停止使用高科技設(shè)備”正確；A項“多使用高科技設(shè)備”和C項“變?yōu)榭谠囆问健眱?nèi)容與原文相反；B項“切斷校園內(nèi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，原文提到的是切斷筆記本的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，不是校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)，B項錯誤。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“RyanDapremont表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段，Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarisminwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople’swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.（Dapremont說，技術(shù)讓作弊變得更容易，但寫論文時的剽竊可能是最大的問題；學(xué)生們可以從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上抄襲別人的作品，而不用注明出處），由此可推斷，論文作弊比考試作弊更嚴(yán)重，因此C項“寫作作弊比考試作弊更嚴(yán)重”正確。A項“紙筆考試對于打擊作弊毫無用處”，文章只提及技術(shù)讓作弊更加容易，A項斷章取義；B項“由于他的字寫得很差，他的試卷評了低分”文中沒有提到他由于字寫得差而打了低分；D項“對他來說，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上摘抄別人的作品就更難了”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪個可能是打擊作弊最重要的措施？”。文章最后一句提到Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.（他們說最重要的事情是首先要教學(xué)生不要作弊），由此可知，打擊作弊最重要的措施是給學(xué)生建立誠實的考試原則，所以B項“讓學(xué)生知道誠實更重要”符合題意。A項“不太重視學(xué)生將來的去向”，這不屬于措施；C項“很難作弊的寫作考試”和D項“建立更嚴(yán)格的校園榮譽守則”是具體的方法，與題干不符。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

8.單選題

Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetimeifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle—comparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohimorcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.

Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Let'sendthisnonsenseofgrades,exams,marks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.

Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntatschoolandusedfortherestofone’slifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,"Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessentialsomethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?Don'tworry!Ifitisessentialtheywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksteachersinschoolshould

（

）.

4.Theauthorbelievestheteachersroleinchildren’slearningshouldbe

（

）.

5.Thetitleofthispassagecouldprobablybe（

）.

問題1選項

A.Byimitatingwhatotherpeopledo.

B.Bymakingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.

C.Bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.

D.Byaskingagreatmanyquestions.

問題2選項

A.notreallyimportantskills

B.moreimportantthanotherskills

C.basicallythesameaslearningotherskills

D.basicallydifferentfromlearningadultskills

問題3選項

A.allowchildrentolearnbyhimselforherself

B.pointoutchildren’smistakeswheneverthey'refound

C.correctchildren’smistakesassoonaspossible

D.givechildrenmorebookknowledge

問題4選項

A.theidentifierandcorrectoroftheirerrors

B.theirhelperandguide

C.thepersontogradetheirperformanceandgivefeedbacks

D.thepersontopassonsomethingessentialtothem

問題5選項

A.LetTeachersStopWork

B.LetUsMakeChildrenLearn

C.LetChildrenCorrectTheirOwnPapers

D.LetChildrenLearnbyThemselves

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundheinuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.（他每天都注意到他所使用的語言和他周圍的使用的語言之間的差異。一點一點地，他做了必要的改變，使他的語言像其他人的一樣）可知作者認(rèn)為孩子可以通過模仿他人學(xué)習(xí)東西，因此選A。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段中Inthesameway（以同樣的方式）,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle可知選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.可知作者認(rèn)為教師應(yīng)該允許孩子自己學(xué)習(xí)，因此選A。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.（當(dāng)孩子告訴我們他找不到正確答案的時候，我們的工作應(yīng)該是幫助他）可推測教師的角色應(yīng)該是學(xué)生的幫助者與指導(dǎo)者。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了學(xué)生應(yīng)該自己學(xué)習(xí)，而不是被糾正與灌輸式的學(xué)習(xí)，教師起幫助與指導(dǎo)的作用，因此選D。

9.單選題

___,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.

問題1選項

A.Althoughheisasocialist

B.Evenifheisasocialist

C.Beingasocialist

D.Sinceheisasocialist

【答案】A

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項Althoughheisasocialist“雖然他是一個社會主義者”；B選項Evenifheisasocialist“即使他是一個社會主義者”；C選項Beingasocialist“作為一個社會主義”；D選項Sinceheisasocialist“因為他是一個社會主義者”。句意：___，威爾斯先生幾乎不同情工人階級。本句表達(dá)“雖然他是一個社會主義者，但是他不同情工人階級”，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Astatelessyoungmanmayhavefeltintimidatedafterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries.

問題1選項

A.unsafe

B.initiated

C.intrigued

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.unsafe不安全的；危險的B.initiated使開始；發(fā)起

C.intrigued很感興趣的；著迷的D.credulous輕信的；易受騙的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息afterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries（在被許多國家拒絕庇護(hù)和夜間居住后）可知，feltintimidated表示的是“感覺到害怕”，intimidated表示的是“害怕”的意思，A項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】一個無國籍的年輕人在被許多國家拒絕庇護(hù)和夜間居住后可能會感到害怕。

11.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計算個人每日所需熱量時，應(yīng)考慮到體型、體力活動和年齡的變化。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication—butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsorwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWordsHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicunder?

controlsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,heightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士氣的講話）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyoulanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

1.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

3.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”？

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

問題2選項

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

問題3選項

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.informpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

問題4選項

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

問題5選項

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Theymanyusesofpublicspeaking

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到演講的功能：說服、啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等等，而這些是其他手段無法替代的，選項C符合題意。

2.文章第八段提到這不僅僅是在世界論壇的公開演講中扮演著重要角色（It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole），選項A“世界論壇上的演講可以為世界性問題提供有效方案”表述不正確，符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到了演講詞的各種功能，比如說服或啟發(fā)，通知、致敬、娛樂等，或者只是介紹某人某事或接受某事。選項C“在工作中給人建議”不是演講的功能，符合題意。

4.文章最后一段Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast提到為了精彩的演講，有一些規(guī)則可以很好的利用，必須學(xué)習(xí)并且練習(xí)以前的演講。選項D符合題意，“精彩的演講來源于練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)”

5.文章開頭提及推特、博客、郵件這些交流方式，但是這些都無法取代演講這個話題（Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunicationbutnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech）。接著介紹了演講的作用，比如說服或啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等。最后提到演說能力不是天生的，而是需要通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)才得到的。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Themembersofthebranchwereindignantthatgovernmenthadplantedtwospiesamongthem.

問題1選項

A.irate

B.indifferent

C.insensible

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項irate“生氣的；發(fā)怒的”；B選項indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的；中等的”；C選項insensible“昏迷的；無知覺的；麻木不仁的”；D選項inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的；能力卓越的；借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”。句意：支部的成員對政府在他們中間安插了兩名間諜感到憤怒。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語plantedtwospiesamongthem“安插了兩名間諜”，可推測支部的成員會對此十分氣憤，得知A選項正確。

14.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項“該公司逐步、有條件地實行了禁煙令”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺薄＃┛芍?，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者