考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thissummittalkisthoughttobeinstrumentalinbringingaboutpeaceinthisregion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.useless

C.harmless

D.inappropriate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“有幫助的，樂器的”；A項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，B項(xiàng)useless“無用的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無害的，無惡意的”，D項(xiàng)inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)?，不相稱的”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，這次首腦會談有助于在該地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)和平。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Itisusuallyagoodthingwhenadiscussionistakenfirmlybythehandandleddownfromtheheightsofto（

）thelevelgroundofhardfact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridiculousness

B.fantasy

C.audacity

D.mountaintops

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ridiculousness“荒謬”；fantasy“幻想；幻覺”；audacity“厚顏無恥”；mountaintop“山頂”。句意：當(dāng)討論以務(wù)實(shí)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)姆绞竭M(jìn)行，并且從幻想的高崖下到事實(shí)的平地時，這通常是一件好事?？崭裉幩顔卧~應(yīng)與hardfact形成對比，故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

I’mwritingtoyou______mybrotherwhoisillinthehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onbehalfof

B.bythenameof

C.inplaceof

D.infavorof

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.onbehalfof代表B.bythenameof以……為名；名叫

C.inplaceof取代D.infavorof有利于，支持

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“我______我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信”可知，我是代表我的兄弟寫信，所以該選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我代表我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信。

4.單選題

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。該句同位語從句中的主語“you”是動作“insult”的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，又謂語動詞是情態(tài)動詞，被動形式應(yīng)為“情態(tài)動詞+bedone”。句意：有句老話說，除非你同意，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會被侮辱。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedoctrinehasstrengthenedinusuntiloureyesare

（9）

andourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday,andthenweloseallthefinedeeppleasurethatwemight

（10）experiencefromourordinarysurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uninterested

B.unrelated

C.indifferent

D.insensitive

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.of

C.in

D.from

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.folded

B.blinded

C.sharpened

D.weakened

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.now

B.then

C.there

D.after

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thus

B.therefore

C.that

D.because

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.solely

B.really

C.practically

D.invariably

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.for

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.together

D.not

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.closed

B.dusted

C.blinded

D.dulled

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.orelse

C.probably

D.alternately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】第1題:1.D考查形容詞辨析。uninterested不感興趣的；unrelated無關(guān)的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive麻木的，無感覺的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格處所填單詞意思應(yīng)與其差不多。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案D

第2題:考查介詞辨析。architecture后面的部分做constantnearness的后置定語，故用介詞of修飾，此處意為人們認(rèn)為建筑物總是在那里。答案B

第3題:考查動詞辨析。由orweareabnormallyblind可知此處B項(xiàng)正確。正是因?yàn)槿藗兊倪@種觀點(diǎn)“建筑物總是在那里”使人們對建筑物有了誤解。fold折疊；sharpen削尖，磨快；weaken減少，使變?nèi)?。答案B

第4題:考查固定搭配。hereandnow此時此刻；hereandthere各處；到處。由“becauseitiswithuseveryday建筑物每天都與我們在一起”可推知“所以我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為建筑物到處都是，而忘記了建筑物是此時此刻的藝術(shù)”故hereandnow符合題意。

第5題:考查連詞辨析。由and可知空格處所填單詞與前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D項(xiàng)正確。再由空格后面的“weareaptto…”也可推斷此空表示一種原因，引出后面的結(jié)果。答案D

第6題:A考查副詞辨析。really實(shí)際上；practically實(shí)際地；invariably總是，不變地。由上文提到的“我們忘記了將建筑物看作是此時此刻的藝術(shù)”可知此處意為我們僅僅將房子認(rèn)為是不變的地方，A項(xiàng)符合題意。

第7題:考查固定搭配。thinkofsth.assth.“將…看作…”知C項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第8題:考查連詞辨析。由Thisfalsedoctrine及上文“我們將建筑認(rèn)為是與法國大教堂或意大利宮殿或希臘神廟有關(guān)而與紐約或芝加哥街道或洛杉磯郊外無關(guān)”。havesomethingtodowith與…有關(guān)。答案D

第9題:考查動詞辨析。由空格后“ourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday我們的頭腦對我們周圍正在創(chuàng)造的一切美好事物充耳不聞”以及and表示并列關(guān)系可推知我們的眼睛也對周圍的美好事物比較遲鈍，感覺不到這些事物的美。dulled“遲鈍的，無趣的”；closed“關(guān)著的”；dusted“拂去灰塵的”；blinded“瞎的，不知情的”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查連詞辨析。前面提到我們的眼睛和心靈都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我們改變態(tài)度多體會的話，我們可能從普通環(huán)境中體會到這些深度的美景。A項(xiàng)最符合語義。orelse要不然，否則，其后一般跟完整的句子；probably“大概”；alternately“交替地”。答案Afenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday中的deafened聽不見的可推知空格處意為看不見的，故答案為A。eyesareclosed看不見的，閉著眼的。

6.單選題

AlltheslavesinUSAwere（）afterthecivilwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrested

B.abandoned

C.manumitted

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrest“逮捕；（司法機(jī)關(guān)）扣留（船只）”；B選項(xiàng)abandon“遺棄；離開”；C選項(xiàng)manumit“解放；釋放”；D選項(xiàng)magnify“放大；贊美”。句意：美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，所有奴隸都被釋放。因此C符合題意。

7.單選題

OneauthoritymadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andhe（

）thatthereweremorethan2,250,000spidersinoneacre.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.estimated

C.appraised

D.evaluated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一位權(quán)威人士對英國南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛進(jìn)行了數(shù)量調(diào)查，他估計(jì)在那個地方每公頃有超過225萬只蜘蛛。

考查近義詞辨析。四個選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。Assess評定,估價;estimate估計(jì),估量;appraise估量,估價,(對某人的工作)做出評價;evaluate評價,估價。由關(guān)鍵信息morethan2,250,000spidersinoneacre(每公頃有225萬只蜘蛛)可知B符合句意。

8.翻譯題

Throughouthistorynewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedwarfare,sometimesabruptly,sometimesonlygradually:thinkofgunpowder,aircraft,radarandnuclearfission.Soithasbeenwithinforma-tiontechnology.ComputersandtheinternethavetransformedeconomiesandgivenWesternarmiesgreatadvantages,suchastheabilitytosendremotelypilotedaircraftacrosstheworldtogatherintelli-genceandattacktargets.(1).Butthespreadofdigitaltechnologycomesatacost:itexposesarmiesandsocietiestodigitalattack.Somescenarios(電影)imaginethealmostinstantaneousfailureofthesystemsthatkeepthe

modern

worldturning.Ascomputernetworkscollapse,factoriesandchemicalplantsexplode,satellitesspinoutofcontrolandthefinancialandpowergridsfail.Cyberspacehasbecomethefifthdomainofwarfare,afterland,sea,airandspace.

ThecyberattacksonEstoniain2007andonGeorgiain2008(thelatterstrangelyhappenedtocoincidewiththeadvanceofRussiantroopsacrosstheCaucasus)arewidelyassumedtohavebeendi-rectedbytheKremlin(克里姆林宮),buttheycouldbetracedonlytoRussiancyber-criminals.ManyofthecomputersusedintheattackbelongedtoinnocentAmericanswhosePCshadbeenhi-jacked.CompaniessuspectChinaoforganizingmini-raidstoransackWesternknow-how:butitcouldjusthaveeasilybeenWesterncriminals,computer-hackersshowingoffordisillusionedformeremploy-ees.(2).OnereasonwhyWesterngovernmentshaveuntilrecentlybeenreticentaboutcyber-espio-nage（間諜）issurelybecausetheyaredabhandsatit,too.

Cyber-weaponsarebeingdevelopedsecretly,withoutdiscussionofhowandwhentheymightbeused.（3）.Ifcyberarms-controlistoAmerica’sadvantage，itwouldbewisetoshadesuchaccords（協(xié)議）whileitstillhastheupperhandincyberspace.Inthemeantime，however,countriesshouldagreeonmodestaccords,orevenjustinformal“rulesoftheroad”thatwouldraisethepoliticalcostofcy-ber-attacks.Perhapstherecouldbeadealtopreventthecrude“denial-of-service”assaultsthatbroughtdownEstonianandGeorgianwebsiteswithamassofbogus（偽造的）requestsforinforma-tion；NATOandtheEuropeanUnioncouldmakeitclearthatattacksincyberspace,asintherealworld,willprovokearesponse:theUNorsignatoriesoftheGenevaConventionscoulddeclarethatcyber-attacksoncivilianfacilitiesare,likephysicalattackswithbombandbullet,outofboundsinwar；richcountriescouldexerteconomicpressureonstatesthatdonotadoptmeasurestofightonlinecriminals.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtospellouttheirmilitarypoliciesincyberspace,asAmeri-cadoesfornuclearweapons,missiledefenseandspace.（4）.Andtherecouldbeaninternationalcen-tretomonitorcyber-attacks,oraninternationaldutytoassistcountriesundercyber-attacks,regard-lessofthenationalityormotiveoftheattacker—akintothedutyofshipstohelpmariners（水手）indistress.

Theinternetisnota“commons”,butanetworkofnetworksthataremostlyprivatelyowned.Alotcouldalsobeachievedbygreaterco-operationbetweengovernmentsandtheprivatesector.（5）Butintheendmoreoftheburdenforensuringthatordinarypeople’scomputersystemsarenotco-optedbycriminalsorcyber-warriorswillendupwiththelatter—especiallytheinternet-serviceprovidersthatrunthenetwork.Theycouldtakemoreresponsibilityforidentifyinginfectedcomputersandspottingattacksastheyhappen.

【答案】1.但是數(shù)字技術(shù)的傳播是有代價的：它使軍隊(duì)和社會面臨數(shù)字攻擊。一些電影想象出了維持現(xiàn)代社會運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的各個系統(tǒng)幾乎瞬時崩潰的場景。

2.西方政府直到最近都對網(wǎng)絡(luò)間諜活動保持沉默，原因之一是他們自己也是內(nèi)行。

3.如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)軍備控制對美國有利，那么在它在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間仍占上風(fēng)時指定這樣的協(xié)議是明智的。

4.還應(yīng)建立國際中心以監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，或者承擔(dān)救援遭遇網(wǎng)絡(luò)襲擊的國家的國際責(zé)任，不管攻擊者的國籍或動機(jī)如何，就像船舶有援助遇險的水手的責(zé)任一樣。

5.

但最終，確保普通人的電腦系統(tǒng)不被犯罪分子和網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)士占為己有的重任將更多地落到后者身上——尤其是運(yùn)營網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)的提供商。

9.單選題

Takingphotographsisstrictly（

）here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbidden

B.rejected

C.exclude

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。forbidden“嚴(yán)禁的”；rejected“拒絕的”；exclude“排除”；denied“否定”。由后半句內(nèi)容“拍照會損害珍貴的洞穴壁畫”可推知“拍照是被嚴(yán)格禁止的”符合題意。故A項(xiàng)最符合題意。句意：這里嚴(yán)禁拍照，因?yàn)檫@可能會損壞珍貴的洞穴壁畫。

10.單選題

Maskedgunmen（）intheofficesofaFrenchsatiricalnewspaperonWednesday,thepolicesaid,withinitialreportssayingthatasmanyas11peoplehadbeenkilledand10wounded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.openedfire

B.wereopeningfire

C.openedfires

D.wasopeningafire

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)thepolicesaid可判斷，這個句子的時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)，所以動詞要用過去式，再有固定搭配“openfire”，意為“開火”。句意：警方稱，蒙面槍手周三在一家法國諷刺新聞的辦公室里開火了，最初報(bào)道稱多達(dá)11人被殺，10人受傷。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual（）,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.migration

B.emigration

C.conveyance

D.transference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)migration“遷移；移民”；B選項(xiàng)emigration“移民；移民出境”；C選項(xiàng)conveyance“運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)輸工具”；D選項(xiàng)transference“轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓”。句意：這種太陽鳥在一年一度的遷徙期間睡眠極度減少，但是這并不影響其飛行。由空格前的關(guān)鍵詞“annual年度的，每年的”可知“遷移”符合句意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia（

）inSanFrancisco.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。previously“以前，預(yù)先”；predominantly“主要地”；practically“實(shí)際地”；permanently“永久地，長期不變地”。句意：超過三分之一的住在美國的中國人主要住在舊金山。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean______ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessment

B.estimate

C.announcement

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)assessment“估計(jì)、評定”；B項(xiàng)estimate“估價、判斷”；C項(xiàng)announcement“公告、宣告”；D項(xiàng)evaluation“評價”；句意：在他開始工作之前，我請建筑工人給我估計(jì)一下修理屋頂?shù)馁M(fèi)用。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

（）shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】句意:絕不能給小孩錢。

語法題?？疾榈寡b。onnoaccount絕不；fromallaccount綜上所述;ofnoaccount不重要的，無價值的（形容詞）;byallaccount據(jù)說。題干中用到了部分倒裝，因此A項(xiàng)符合句意跟語法搭配。

15.單選題

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—?althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(￡12,000?￡17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻譯為：許多父母甚至沒有意識到并回應(yīng)孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆發(fā)成困難或不合作的行為。可以得知B選項(xiàng)“孩子可能會行為不端”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻譯為：雖然大多數(shù)學(xué)校都有能力培養(yǎng)在學(xué)科方面特別有能力的孩子，但是音樂天才需要特殊的理解力，這在普通學(xué)校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音樂被視為次要活動的學(xué)校里。因此可知A選項(xiàng)“音樂不被視為一門重要的學(xué)科”為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻譯為：個人課程（每周最多三個小時學(xué)習(xí)第一和第二樂器）、管弦樂、室內(nèi)樂團(tuán)、聲音訓(xùn)練、指揮和理論?？芍狢選項(xiàng)“半天以上的時間都花在了音樂上。”錯誤，以及D選項(xiàng)“提供一系列的音樂培訓(xùn)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有專業(yè)學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人都對讓7歲大的孩子進(jìn)入如此緊張、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的環(huán)境的做法表示懷疑。故選A“他們可能在到達(dá)（學(xué)校）時還不夠成熟?！?/p>

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“sympathetic”可以定位到根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻譯為：他們的目標(biāo)是提供一個富有同情心的環(huán)境，讓7-18歲的超常兒童在專業(yè)音樂家的指導(dǎo)下充分發(fā)展他們的技能。sympathetic意為“富有同情心的”，判斷出答案為A項(xiàng)。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

16.單選題

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac,oralveolus,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillaryarebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperratetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)aboutone-fifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood;(2)analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheairand(3)moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide

（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs(所以氧氣很容易穿過薄壁，從肺泡擴(kuò)散到血液，而二氧化碳則很容易穿過薄壁，從血液擴(kuò)散到肺泡),故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:當(dāng)血液由心臟返回到肺部時…。第二段指出:Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen(所以進(jìn)入肺泡的血液含有很多溶解的二氧化碳和很少的氧氣),故選B(血液里含有更多二氧化碳)。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair(由胸腔運(yùn)動導(dǎo)致的呼吸將使用過的空氣排出肺泡，然后吸入新鮮空氣)。故選A(幫助氧氣和二氧化碳在肺部交換)。

4.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout(當(dāng)呼氣和吸氣時，氮?dú)獗３植蛔?。故選C(吸氣時保持不變)。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated(氣道和氣泡內(nèi)壁水分會蒸發(fā)，直到空氣飽和狀態(tài))。故選B(水分蒸發(fā))。

17.翻譯題

WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.

Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們所說的文學(xué)到底是什么呢？一般來說，人們會不假思索地認(rèn)為一切書中所印之物都是文學(xué)。這種說法經(jīng)不起深究，再粗心的人也很容易意識到文學(xué)是聯(lián)系著人們普遍興趣的一個重要因素——僅僅是一個地方，一個行業(yè)或者是一個人的興趣，即使以書本的形式出現(xiàn)也不算是文學(xué)。

文學(xué)的定義很容易受到限制，同樣也很容易被擴(kuò)大。大多數(shù)的書本都不能稱之為文學(xué)，而相反的是，很多真正的文學(xué)卻從未踏入過書本的行列?；浇烫美锩總€禮拜的布道詞，數(shù)量巨大的文學(xué)講壇，它們通過告誡、鼓勵、振奮、安撫或警示對人們的心理產(chǎn)生了巨大而廣泛的作用，但它們在圖書館里還占不到千分之一的席位。戲劇也是如此，舉個例子來說，英國莎士比亞最優(yōu)秀的戲劇，以及代表所有希臘燦爛文化的劇作早已在它們成為出版物被人傳閱之前就已經(jīng)在大眾面前發(fā)表過了（根據(jù)“發(fā)表”一詞最準(zhǔn)確的意義來講），并且在那個傳抄和打印價格都很昂貴的年代里，它們以戲劇的形式發(fā)表而產(chǎn)生的影響遠(yuǎn)勝于書本所造成的影響。

18.單選題

“Myauntwillbedownpresently,Mr.Nuttel,”saidaveryself-possessedyoungladyoffifteen;“inthemeantimeyoumusttryandputupwithme.”

FramtonNuttelendeavoredtosaythecorrectsomethingwhichshoulddulyflatterthenieceofthemomentwithoutundulydiscountingtheauntthatwastocome.Privatelyhedoubtedmorethaneverwhethertheseformalvisitsonasuccessionoftotalstrangerswoulddomuchtowardshelpingthenervecurewhichhehassupposedtobeundergoing.

“Iknowhowitwillbe,”hissisterhadsaidwhenhewaspreparingtomigratetothisruralretreat;“youwillburyyourselfdownthereandnotspeaktoalivingsoul,andyournerveswillbeworsethaneverfrommoping.IshalljustgiveyoulettersofintroductiontoallthepeopleIknowthere.Someofthem,asfarasIcanremember,werequitenice.

FramtonwonderedwhetherMrs.Sappleton,theladytowhomhewaspresentingoneofthelettersofintroduction,cameintothenicedivision.

“Doyouknowmanyofthepeopleroundhere?”askedtheniece,whenshejudgedthattheyhadhadsufficientsilentcommunion.

“Hardlyasoul,”saidFramton.“Mysisterwasstayinghere,attherectory,youknow,somefouryears3go,andshegavemelettersofintroductiontosomeofthepeoplehere.”

Hemadethelaststatementinatoneofdistinctregret.

“Thenyouknowpracticallynothingaboutmyaunt?”pursuedtheself-possessedyounglady.

“Onlyhernameandaddress,”admittedthecaller.HewaswonderingwhetherMrs.Sappletonwasinthemarriedorwidowedstate.Anundefinablesomethingabouttheroomseemedtosuggestmasculinehabitation.

“Hergreattragedyhappenedjustthreeyearsago,”saidthechild;“thatwouldbesinceyoursister’stime,’

“Hertragedy?”askedFramton;somehowinthisrestfulcountryspottragediesseemedoutofplace.

“YoumaywonderwhywekeepthatwindowwideopenonanOctoberafternoon,saidtheniece，indicatingalargeFrenchwindowthatopenedontoalawn，

“Itisquitewarmforthetimeoftheyear，”saidFramton;“buthasthatwindowgotanythingtodowiththetragedy?”

“Outthroughthatwindow,threeyearsagotoaday,herhusbandandhertwoyoungbrotherswentofffortheirday'sshooting.Theynevercameback.Incrossingthemoortotheirfavoritesnipe-shootinggroundtheywereallthreeengulfedinatreacherouspieceofbog.Ithadbeenthatdreadfulwetsummer,youknow,andplacesthatweresafeinotheryearsgavewaysuddenlywithoutwarning.Thebodieswereneverrecovered.Thatwasthedreadfulpartofit.”Herethechild'svoicelostitsself-possessednoteandbecamefalteringlyhuman.“Poorauntalwaysthinksthattheywillcomebacksomeday,theyandthelittlebrownspanielthatwaslostwiththem,andwalkinatthatwindowjustastheyusedtodo.Thatiswhythewindowiskeptopeneveryeveningtillitisquitedusk.Poordearaunt,shehasoftentoldmehowtheywentout,herhusbandwithhiswhitewaterproofcoatoverhisarm,andRonnie,heryoungerbrother,singing,'Bertie,whydoyoubound?"ashealwaysdidtoteaseher,becauseshesaiditgotonhernerves.Doyouknow,sometimesonstill,quieteveninglikethis,Ialmostgetacreepyfeelingthattheywillallwalkinthroughthatwindow—”

Shebrokeoffwithalittleshudder.ItwasarelieftoFramtonwhentheauntbustledintotheroomwithawhirlofapologiesforbeinglateinmakingherappearance.

“IhopeVerahasbeenamusingyou?"shesaid.

“Shehasbeenveryinteresting,”saidFramton.

“Ihopeyoudon’tmindtheopenwindow,”saidMrs.Sappletonbriskly;“myhusbandandbrotherswillbehomedirectlyfromshooting,andtheyalwayscomeinthisway.They’vebeenoutforsnipeinthemarshestoday,sothey’llmakeafinemessovermypoorcarpets.Solikeyoumen-folk,isn’tit?”

Sherattledoncheerfullyabouttheshootingandthescarcityofbirds,andtheprospectsforduckinthewinter.ToFramtonitwasallpurelyhorrible.Hemadeadesperatebutonlypartiallysuccessfulefforttoturnthetalkonto