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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱音樂學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.
In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.
PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.
1.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?
2.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.
3.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.
4.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.
5.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.
B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.
C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.
D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.toincreasefarmproduction
B.toestablishagriculturallaws
C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankrupt
D.topromotethemechanizationofagriculture
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.reducetheirscaleofproduction
B.makefulluseoftheirland
C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproducts
D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproducts
B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpower
C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmers
D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.reducingthecostoffarming
B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenation
C.loweringtheburdenoffarmers
D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?是什么導(dǎo)致了對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降?
A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.A.大蕭條的影響。
B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.B.海外市場(chǎng)的萎縮。
C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.C.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞。
D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.D.歐洲國(guó)家出口的增加。
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第一句“20世紀(jì)20年代,隨著歐洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù),并開始實(shí)施緊縮計(jì)劃以減少進(jìn)口,對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降。(demandforAmericanfarmproductsfell)?!庇纱丝芍?dú)W洲國(guó)家減少了進(jìn)口,可推斷海外市場(chǎng)變得萎縮。因此選B。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“大蕭條的影響?!保笫挆l使得美國(guó)對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降更嚴(yán)重,而不是導(dǎo)致美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降的原因,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;
C選項(xiàng)“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞?!?,文中提到“歐洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)和制定緊縮計(jì)劃減少進(jìn)口”,是歐洲國(guó)家開始在一戰(zhàn)后進(jìn)行恢復(fù)導(dǎo)致他們進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品減少,而不是一戰(zhàn)造成的破壞使美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;
D選項(xiàng)“歐洲國(guó)家出口的增加。”,文中提到“歐洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)和制定緊縮計(jì)劃減少進(jìn)口”歐洲國(guó)家減少了進(jìn)口,但是文中沒有說歐洲國(guó)家增加出口,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.20世紀(jì)20年代,美國(guó)政府在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域最關(guān)心的是____。
A.toincreasefarmproductionA.增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)
B.toestablishagriculturallawsB.制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律
C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptC.防止農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)
D.topromotethemechanizationofagricultureD.推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“它確立了直接干預(yù)供求關(guān)系的原則(theprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand),并代表了第一個(gè)為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的國(guó)家承諾。”由此可推斷政府采取直接干預(yù)農(nóng)業(yè)供求矛盾,原則上為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性,即預(yù)防農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)。因此選C。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)”,根據(jù)文章可知,這段時(shí)期農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格下降,因此政府不可能要增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律”,政府制定法律的目的是為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的國(guó)家承諾,保護(hù)他們不破產(chǎn),該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;
D選項(xiàng)“推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化”,文章第一段提到“這一時(shí)期對(duì)農(nóng)民來說比以前更糟糕,因?yàn)檗r(nóng)民不再自給自足。他們購(gòu)買機(jī)器、種子和肥料,也購(gòu)買消費(fèi)品。農(nóng)民購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格保持不變,而他們收到的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格卻下降了。”,也就是說他們購(gòu)買的機(jī)器價(jià)格不變但是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格下降,因此政府不會(huì)推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案鼓勵(lì)美國(guó)農(nóng)民____。
A.reducetheirscaleofproductionA.減少他們的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模
B.makefulluseoftheirlandB.充分利用他們的土地
C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsC.調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格
D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproductionD.農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段“這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)通過與農(nóng)民自愿達(dá)成協(xié)議來減少產(chǎn)量的權(quán)力,這些農(nóng)民收取費(fèi)用讓他們停止使用自己的土地(taketheirlandoutofuse)。”由此可知該法案減少農(nóng)民的權(quán)力,讓他們停止使用自己的土地,由此可推斷該法案讓農(nóng)民減少生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此選A。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“充分利用他們的土地”,文章沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格”,文中提到“故意造成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價(jià)格。”指的是通過農(nóng)民減少產(chǎn)量導(dǎo)致價(jià)格上升,而不是農(nóng)民自己調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;
D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足”,文章沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.大法院駁回了農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為該法案____。
A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsA.可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺
B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerB.沒有給農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)足夠的權(quán)力
C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersC.對(duì)政府和農(nóng)民都沒有好處
D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothersD.以犧牲他人為代價(jià)使一部分公民受益
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律違憲,理由是征收一般稅是為了支付給一個(gè)特殊群體。”以及“羅斯福政府認(rèn)為,重建國(guó)家的土地符合國(guó)家利益,而不僅僅是犧牲其他公民的利益來幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃(wasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens)。”由此可知該法案是針對(duì)一部分人的,犧牲其他公民利益來幫助農(nóng)民,因此推斷是犧牲他人使一部分公民受益。因此選D。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“沒有給農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)足夠的權(quán)力”,文中提及“這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)通過與農(nóng)民自愿達(dá)成協(xié)議來減少產(chǎn)量的權(quán)力”,說明農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)有足夠的權(quán)力,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾
C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)政府和農(nóng)民都沒有好處”,文中提及“羅斯福政府認(rèn)為,重建國(guó)家的土地符合國(guó)家利益,而不僅僅是犧牲其他公民的利益來幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃?!?,說明該法案對(duì)農(nóng)民是有好處的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.據(jù)稱,羅斯福政府時(shí)期通過的新法律旨在____。
A.reducingthecostoffarmingA.降低農(nóng)業(yè)成本
B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationB.從國(guó)家長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益出發(fā),保護(hù)土壤
C.loweringtheburdenoffarmersC.減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)
D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayersD.幫助農(nóng)民而不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“然而,新的法律立即通過,達(dá)到了同樣的結(jié)果,休養(yǎng)土壤和提供防洪措施,但這些是基于土壤保護(hù)的原則(basedontheprincipleofsoilconservation)?!庇纱丝芍路芍荚诒Wo(hù)土壤,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“降低農(nóng)業(yè)成本”,文章沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“幫助農(nóng)民而不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人”可以定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“羅斯福政府相信重建國(guó)家的土地符合國(guó)家利益,而不僅僅是以犧牲其他公民為代價(jià)幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃?!笨芍_斯福政府時(shí)期通過的新法律確實(shí)將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)接給其他納稅人了,所以文章在第三段第五句才提到“最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律違憲,理由是征收一般稅是為了支付給一個(gè)特殊群體。”,D選項(xiàng)中的“不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人”和原文相悖,屬于反向干擾。
2.單選題
TheBostonMarathonisanannualmarathonsportingeventhostedbythecityofBoston,Massachusetts,onPatriots’Day,thethirdMondayofApril.Begunin1897andinspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics,theBostonMarathonistheworld’soldestannualmarathonandranksasoneoftheworld’smostwell-knownroadracingevents.ThemarathonisoneoffivemembersoftheWorldMarathonMajors.
Theeventattractsanaverageofabout20,000registeredparticipantseachyear.Inthe100thrunningoftheBostonMarathonin1996,thenumberofparticipantsreached38,000.Whiletherearecashprizesawardedtothewinnersofthemarathon,mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall.
TheBostonMarathonwasoriginallyalocalevent,butitsfameandstatushaveattractedrunnersfromallovertheworld.Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.However,corporate-sponsoredcashprizesbegantobeawardedinthe1980s,whenprofessionalathletesbegantorefusetoruntheracewithoutcashawards.Thefirstcashprizeforwinningthemarathonwasawardedin1986.
WomenwerenotallowedtoentertheBostonMarathonofficiallyuntil1972.Roberta(Bobbi)GibbisrecognizedasthefirstwomantoruntheentireBostonMarathon(in1966).In1967,KathrineSwitzer,whohadregisteredas“K.V.Switzer”,wasthefirstwomantorunwitharacenumber.Shefinished,despiteacelebratedincidentinwhichraceofficialJockSempletriedtoripoffhernumbersandejectherfromtherace.In1996theB.A.Aretroactivelyrecognizedaschampionstheunofficialwomen’sleadersof1966through1971.
Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.However,foreigndominanceoftheraceisnothingnew.Between1946and1967onlyoneAmerican(JohnJ.Kelleyin1957)wonthemarathoninanerawhenFinlandandJapanwerethedistancepowerhouses.
TheBostonMarathonisopentoallrunners,maleandfemale,fromanynation,buttheymustmeetcertainqualifyingstandards.Toqualify,arunnermustfirstcompleteastandardmarathoncoursecertifiedbyanationalgoverningbodyaffiliatedwiththeInternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederationswithinacertainperiodoftimebeforethedateofthedesiredBostonMarathon(usuallywithinapproximately18monthsprior).Prospectiverunnersintheagerangeof18-34mustrunatimeofnomorethan3:10:59(3hoursand10minutes)ifmale,or3:40:59(3hoursand40minutes)iffemale;thequalifyingtimeisadjustedupwardasageincreases.Forexample,a40-44yearoldmalecanstillqualifywithatimeof3:20:59.Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.
BesidestheOlympictrialsandtheOlympicmarathons,BostonistheonlymajorAmericanmarathonthatrequiresaqualifyingtime.ThusformanymarathonerstoqualifyforBoston(to“BQ”)isagoalandachievementinitself,makingita“people’sOlympicevent”.
1.Thefirstmarathoncompetitionbegan().
2.Mostofmarathonerstakepartintheraceto().
3.Theoriginalprizeawardedforwinningthemarathonin1800swas().
4.WhydopeoplecriticizethatAmericacan’ttrainbetterprofessionalrunnersthansomeothercountries?
5.WhocanparticipateintheBostonMarathonwithoutaqualifyingtime?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inBoston,Massachusetts
B.onPatriots’Day,1897
C.in1896SummerOlympics
D.ahundredyearsago
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.achievesuccess
B.wincashprizes
C.attractaudience
D.winanolive-branch-wovenwreath
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.moneysponsoredbycompanies
B.aprofessionalstatus
C.afloralcirclemadefromolivetrees
D.bravefame
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Becausemostwinnersoftheracecomefromforeigncountries.
B.BecauseFinlandandJapanwerethestrongteamswithqualityathletes.
C.BecauseAmericanprofessionalrunningisfarbehind.
D.BecauseonlyoneAmericanwontheracebetween1946and1967.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Malerunners.
B.Femalerunners.
C.Charityraisers.
D.Amateurrunners.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firstmarathoncompetition”可以定位到第一段第二句inspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics(受到1896年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)第一個(gè)現(xiàn)代馬拉松比賽成功的啟發(fā)),說明第一次馬拉松比賽在1896年的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上。因此C選項(xiàng)“在1896年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在馬薩諸塞州的波士頓”,B選項(xiàng)“1897年愛國(guó)者日”,D選項(xiàng)“一百年前”說的是波士頓馬拉松比賽的情況,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Mostofmarathoners”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall(大多數(shù)選手都是為了參加比賽的成就感而參加的),說明大多數(shù)選手參賽的理由是為了獲得成就感。因此A選項(xiàng)“獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“贏得現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”,C選項(xiàng)“吸引觀眾”,D選項(xiàng)“贏得一個(gè)橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“originalprize”可以定位到文章第三段第二句Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.(在歷史上的大部分時(shí)間里,波士頓馬拉松都是免費(fèi)的活動(dòng),而贏得比賽的唯一獎(jiǎng)品是一個(gè)用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)。),說明最初比賽的獎(jiǎng)品是橄欖枝花環(huán)。因此C選項(xiàng)“用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“公司贊助的錢”,B選項(xiàng)“職業(yè)地位”,D選項(xiàng)“勇敢的名聲”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.(近年來,批評(píng)人士指出在這項(xiàng)賽事中外國(guó)出生的運(yùn)動(dòng)員,尤其是來自肯尼亞的運(yùn)動(dòng)員占主導(dǎo)地位,以支持他們的觀點(diǎn),即美國(guó)職業(yè)長(zhǎng)跑在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)員方面落后于世界其他地區(qū)。),說明批評(píng)美國(guó)沒有好的職業(yè)長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的原因是外國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)常在這項(xiàng)比賽上獲勝。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)比賽的大多數(shù)冠軍都來自外國(guó)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榉姨m和日本是擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的強(qiáng)隊(duì)”,D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵?946年至1967年期間,只有一個(gè)美國(guó)人贏得了比賽”都是美國(guó)長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員落后于其他地區(qū)的表現(xiàn)之一,不能完整概括批評(píng)美國(guó)的原因,所以B,D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的職業(yè)長(zhǎng)跑遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國(guó)家”,原文說的是在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)員方面落后于其他國(guó)家,而不是整體遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國(guó)家,所以C錯(cuò)誤。
5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“qualifyingtime”可以定位到第六段,第六段最后一句說到Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.(1,250名為官方指定的本地慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌得預(yù)先設(shè)定贊助金額的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可免除資格要求。),說明為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以免除參賽資格要求。因此C選項(xiàng)“慈善募捐者”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男運(yùn)動(dòng)員”,B選項(xiàng)“女運(yùn)動(dòng)員”,D選項(xiàng)“業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
3.單選題
Cancellationoftheflight()manypassengerstospendthenightattheairport.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resulted
B.obliged
C.demanded
D.recommended
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resulted“結(jié)果;導(dǎo)致”,B選項(xiàng)obliged“迫使;強(qiáng)制;賜”,C選項(xiàng)demanded“強(qiáng)烈要求;需要”,D選項(xiàng)recommended“推薦,介紹;勸告”,根據(jù)題意可知:旅客們由于航班取消不得不在機(jī)場(chǎng)過夜,B選項(xiàng)oblige有“被迫;事實(shí)逼迫人不得不……”的含義,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.單選題
OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.laidout
B.laidoff
C.laiddown
D.laidaside
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。layout“展示,安排”;layoff“解雇”;laydown“放下,制定”;layaside“擱置;儲(chǔ)蓄”。句意:美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開始有壓力。提煉廠工人和石油設(shè)備員工都被解雇了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
5.單選題
______elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Cultivated
B.Regulated
C.Civil
D.Tame
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.Cultivated用于耕作的;有教養(yǎng)的B.Regulated調(diào)節(jié)的
C.Civil國(guó)民的;平民的D.Tame養(yǎng)馴的,馴服的
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】按照句意“______的大象和野象在很多方面都不一樣,包括它們的脾氣”可知,野象脾氣不穩(wěn)定,而馴服的大象會(huì)更溫順,所以空格處表示“馴服的”符合句意,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。
【句意】馴象和野象在很多方面都不一樣,包括它們的脾氣。
6.單選題
Themagicianpickedseveralpersons()fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelpwiththeperformance.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.byaccident
B.atrandom
C.onoccasion
D.onaverage
【答案】B
【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)byaccident“偶爾、意外地”;B選項(xiàng)atrandom“隨意地、隨機(jī)的”;C選項(xiàng)onoccasion“有時(shí)、不時(shí)地”;D選項(xiàng)onaverage“平均”,句意為:魔術(shù)師從觀眾中挑選了幾個(gè)人,請(qǐng)他們幫忙表演。挑選觀眾是隨機(jī)地,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
7.單選題
"Wedidn'twanttodispleaseourmost()supporters,therefore,wehaveprovidedthemwiththeopportunityofgettingextraticketstoanygamethisyear,"saidthemanagerofthefootballclub.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acute
B.ardent
C.sheer
D.fantastic
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。acute嚴(yán)重的,急性的,敏銳的;ardent熱情的,激烈的;sheer絕對(duì)的;fantastic奇妙的,極好的。句意:“我們不想讓最熱情的球迷不高興,因此,我們?yōu)樗麄兲峁┝私衲耆魏我粓?chǎng)比賽的額外門票。”足球俱樂部的經(jīng)理說。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
8.單選題
The(
)ofthesemanyeventsledmanypeopletobelievethattheywereinterrelated.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.concurrence
B.agreement
C.occurrence
D.circumstance
【答案】A
【解析】concurrence同時(shí)發(fā)生,贊同,合作;agreement協(xié)議,同意,一致;occurrence發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);circumstance環(huán)境,情況,境遇。句意:許多這些事件同時(shí)發(fā)生使很多人相信它們之間是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
9.單選題
Opinionpollsurveysshowthatthepublicseescientistsinaratherunflatteringlight.
Commonlythescientistisalsoseenasbeingmale.Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female".
Theimagemostpeoplehaveofscienceandscientistscomesfromtheirownexperienceofschoolscience,andfromthemassmedia_ScienceteachersthemselvesSeeitasaproblemthatsomanyschoolpupilsfindschoolscienceanunsatisfyingexperience,thoughoverthelastfewyearsmoreandmorepupils,includinggirls,haveoptedforsciencesubjects.
Inspiteofexcellentdocumentaries,andsomegoodpopularsciencemagazines,scientificmodesinthemediastillusuallyalternatebetweenmiracleandscientificthreat.Thepopularstereotypeofscienceislikethemagicoffairytales:ithaspotentialforenormousgoodorawfulharm.Popularfictionisfullof“good”scientistssavingtheworld,and"mad"scientiststryingtodestroyit.
Fromallthemanyscientificstorieswhichmightbegivenmediatreatment,thosewhicharechosenareusuallythosewhichcanbeframedintermsoftheusualnewsangles:novelty,threat,conflictorthebizarre.Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities(asinembryoresearch),threateningpublichealth(asinweaponsresearch),orfightingitoutwitheachother(ingivingevidenceatpublicenquiriessuchasthoseheldontheissuesconnectedwithnuclearpower).
Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproduct
ofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible.Afurthereffectofthisisthatsciencecomestobeseenasathinginitself:akindofunpredictableforceatideofscientificprogress.
Itisnosuchthing,ofcourse.Scienceiswhatscientistsdo;whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates,andwhatisclonewiththeirworkdependsverymuchonwhohasthepowertochangetheirdiscoveriesintotechnology,andwhattheirinterestsare.
1.Accordingtothepassage,ordinary-peoplehaveapooropinionofscienceandscientistspartlybecause(
).
2.Fewergirlsthanboysstudysciencebecause
(
).
3.Mediatreatmentofsciencetendstoconcentrateon
(
).
4.Accordingtotheauthor,over-personalizationofscientificworkwillleadscience
(
).
5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatascientistdoes(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ofthemisleadingofthemedia
B.opinionpollsareunflattering.
C.scientistsareshownnegativelyinthemedia
D.science,isconsideredtobedangerous
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theythinkthatscienceistoodifficult
B.theyareoftenunsuccessfulinscienceatschool
C.scienceisseenasaman’sjob
D.scienceisconsideredtobetedious
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theroutineeverydayworkofscientists
B.discoveriesthatthepublicwillunderstand
C.themoresensationalaspectsofscience
D.thesatisfactionsofscientificwork
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.isolationfromtherestoftheworld
B.improvementsonschoolsystem
C.associationwith"femaleness"
D.troubleharecruitingyoungtalent
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.shouldbeattributedtohisindividualgenius
B.dependsonthecoordinationofthesociety
C.showshisindependentpower
D.isunpredictable
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.文章第三段提到人們對(duì)于科學(xué)的認(rèn)知大多來源于他們?cè)趯W(xué)校關(guān)于最科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)以及大眾媒體。文章第五段和第六段講述了大眾媒體對(duì)科學(xué)工作的負(fù)面描述和夸大(Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork),因而導(dǎo)致了人們對(duì)科學(xué)和科學(xué)家們有誤解,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.文章第二段第二句Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female"提到看為什么大部分科學(xué)家是男性,女性很少的原因,因?yàn)樗齻冋J(rèn)為科學(xué)就是男性的工作,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.文章第五段Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities,threateningpublichealth,orfightingitoutwitheachother提到媒體關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)不再是科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)這些繁瑣的工作,而是將關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在科學(xué)家們沒有公共道德情感、危害公眾健康或者相互爭(zhēng)斗等等,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.文章第六段第一句Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproductofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible提到大眾媒體將科學(xué)工作過分私人化。作者認(rèn)為如果脫離了社會(huì)組織,科學(xué)工作將無法進(jìn)行。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
5.文章最后一段提到科學(xué)家們的工作是為了促進(jìn)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates,因此他們依靠的是整個(gè)社會(huì)的協(xié)作,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
10.單選題
Iftheworldistoremainpeacefultheutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.collisions
B.combats
C.contradictions
D.conflicts
【答案】D
【解析】collision碰撞,抵觸,沖突;combat格斗,戰(zhàn)斗;contradiction矛盾,否認(rèn);conflict沖突(指處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)或激烈的爭(zhēng)吵)。句意:如果想要維持世界和平,各國(guó)需要盡最大努力來限制地區(qū)沖突。
11.單選題
Thescientistshavemadean(
)studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exhausted
B.exhausting
C.exhaustive
D.exhaustion
【答案】C
【解析】形近詞辨析。句意:科學(xué)家對(duì)引起該疾病的病毒進(jìn)行(
)研究。
Exhausted精疲力竭的,耗盡的,用完的;exhausting使筋疲力盡的,使耗盡的;exhaustive詳盡的,徹底的;exhaustion枯竭,耗盡。因此C項(xiàng)exhaustive符合句意。
12.單選題
The(
)physicisthasbeenchallengedbyothersinhisfield.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.respectable
B.respectful
C.respective
D.respecting
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectable“可敬的,值得尊敬的”;B選項(xiàng)respectful“尊敬的,有禮貌的”;C選項(xiàng)respective“各自的,分別的”;D選項(xiàng)respecting“尊敬,尊重”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的意思,可知A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。句意:這位受人尊敬的物理學(xué)家在他的領(lǐng)域受到了其他人的挑戰(zhàn)。
13.單選題
Adivorceeisthesoleproviderinatypical“singleparent”family.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.religious
B.spiritual
C.exclusive
D.chief
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:離婚者是典型的單親家庭的唯一支撐者。
religious:宗教上的,修道的。spiritual:精神上的。exclusive:唯一的,高級(jí)的。chief:主要的。sole:單獨(dú)的,唯一的。故C項(xiàng)與題意一致。
14.單選題
Evidencecameup(
)specificsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位語從句。通過分析句子可知,后面specificsoundsarerecognized…是對(duì)前面的evidence的解釋說明,是同位語,并且是個(gè)完整的句子,所以此處用that來引導(dǎo)這個(gè)同位語從句。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
15.單選題
Sitdown,straightenyourlegsand______yourfeet.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.suffocate
B.flex
C.inflate
D.affront
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.suffocate壓制,阻礙B.flex屈伸,活動(dòng)(四肢或肌肉,尤指為準(zhǔn)備體力活動(dòng))
C.inflate膨脹,充氣D.affront冒犯,侮辱
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】由句子意思“坐下,伸直你的雙腿,______你的雙腳”可知,端正地坐下來,自然是伸直雙腿收縮雙腳,因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。
【句意】坐下來,伸直雙腿,收縮雙腳。
16.單選題
Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.coalition
B.separation
C.succession
D.interchangeability
【答案】B
【解析】severance意為分離,隔離。coalition聯(lián)合,合并;separation分離,間隔;succession連續(xù),繼位;interchangeability可交換性。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。
17.單選題
Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto______theweeklystaffmeeting.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.preside
B.introduce
C.chair
D.dominate
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preside“主持,指揮”,為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面常接over;B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹”;C選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任主席,主持(會(huì)議、討論等)”,為及物動(dòng)詞;D選項(xiàng)dominate“支配,控制”。句意:經(jīng)理出差了,我被要求主持每周的員工會(huì)議。
18.單選題
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.
Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.
Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.
9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.
10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?
11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood
B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach
C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools
D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.
B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.
C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.
D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge
B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge
C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices
D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.CurrentSysteminEducation
B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool
C.BalanceinEducation
D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:C
【解析】9.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.(然而,公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇,因?yàn)檫@些工作(教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生)一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行。)以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.(公立學(xué)校必須教育為科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。)由此可知,教育工作之所以會(huì)變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜是因?yàn)閭魇趯W(xué)習(xí)的對(duì)象并沒有進(jìn)行區(qū)分。因此D選項(xiàng)“教育工作者不得不照顧普通的和有天賦的學(xué)生”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而不能被理解”,B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”,C選項(xiàng)“難以決定基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校被教授”。在文中均未提及,可排除。故選D。
10.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.(如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人,讓他們盡可能地學(xué)習(xí),那么我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單了。)這只是作者的一個(gè)假設(shè),并沒有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)“教育的一個(gè)主要任務(wù)是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”錯(cuò)誤,與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.(這樣的平衡被過分強(qiáng)調(diào)某一領(lǐng)域所打破。)可知C選項(xiàng)“一些科目在公立學(xué)校中一直被過度強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確,符合題意。同理可推理出B選項(xiàng)“為了有效地教學(xué),要求教育者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.(因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)民主的國(guó)家,所以,必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評(píng)判專家的工作。)民主國(guó)家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力,而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴發(fā)明者”正確,符合題意。故選
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