考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"daunting"inthethirdparagraphmeans（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodernmeansoftransportation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpre-industrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternsthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shocking

B.interesting

C.confusing

D.stimulating

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)“就業(yè)在17和18世紀(jì)變得廣泛。”，B項(xiàng)“失業(yè)仍將是工業(yè)化國(guó)家的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題?！?，C項(xiàng)“工業(yè)時(shí)代可能即將結(jié)束?！?，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為文章中所闡述的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，而非主旨；D項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該做出一些努力、提供一些資源，幫助更多的人處理失業(yè)問(wèn)題”，文章最后一段提到“Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.現(xiàn)在當(dāng)然是時(shí)候把一些努力和資源從為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的理想目標(biāo)上轉(zhuǎn)移到幫助許多沒(méi)有全職工作的人也能生活的緊急實(shí)用任務(wù)上來(lái)”可推斷D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“十七和十八世紀(jì)的圈地”，文章第四段第一句有提到，B項(xiàng)“工廠的發(fā)展”，D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代交通工具的發(fā)展”，文章第四段第二、三句有提到這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)“婦女家務(wù)活減少”在原文中沒(méi)有提及，故選C項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)接受調(diào)查的人認(rèn)為，失業(yè)問(wèn)題可能不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)得到解決”，文章第一段提到“Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.“民意調(diào)查現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始顯示，不管是誰(shuí)，不管從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始發(fā)生什么，高失業(yè)率可能會(huì)繼續(xù)存在?！笨赏茢郃項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“許多農(nóng)民在修建新鐵路和工廠時(shí)失去了土地”，文章第四段第一句提到“很多人在17至18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)失去土地”，故B不正確；C項(xiàng)“在前工業(yè)化時(shí)期，家務(wù)和社區(qū)服務(wù)主要由婦女進(jìn)行”，文章倒數(shù)第三段第二句提到“Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.在前工業(yè)化時(shí)期，男人和女人分擔(dān)家庭和農(nóng)村公社的生產(chǎn)工作”可推斷“mainlycarriedoutbywomen”與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“工業(yè)時(shí)代帶來(lái)的工作模式的一些變化已經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)”，文章第三段提到“Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.工業(yè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束，它所帶來(lái)的一些工作模式的變化不得不被倒過(guò)來(lái)”可推斷D項(xiàng)中“havebeenreversed已經(jīng)被倒過(guò)來(lái)”不正確，故選A。

4.詞匯題。A項(xiàng)“可怕的”；B項(xiàng)“有趣的”；C項(xiàng)“令人困惑的”；D項(xiàng)“刺激的”。文章第三段提到“Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.工業(yè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束，它所帶來(lái)的一些工作模式的變化不得不被倒過(guò)來(lái)”可推斷“Thisseemsadauntingthought.這似乎是一個(gè)…想法”daunting為“這種想法是令人害怕或生畏的”最符合題意，故選A。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造為自己工作的條件”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?我們難道不應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件讓我們中的很多人為自己工作而不是為雇主嗎？”可知A項(xiàng)有被建議。C項(xiàng)“努力恢復(fù)以家庭和鄰里為生產(chǎn)中心的模式”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?我們難道不應(yīng)該把家庭、社區(qū)、工廠和辦公室作為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心來(lái)振興嗎？”可知C項(xiàng)有被建議；D項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谡９ぷ鳁l件以外的情況下工作”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?我們難道不應(yīng)該支持很多方式讓有自尊心的人去工作嗎？”可知D項(xiàng)有被建議；B項(xiàng)“視就業(yè)為常態(tài)”，文章第二段中“Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)將就業(yè)當(dāng)成慣例？”從作者的語(yǔ)氣中可推斷“將就業(yè)當(dāng)成常態(tài)”沒(méi)有被建議，故選B。

2.單選題

Thefamousartist,whenaskedonthenewsreleaseforhisrecentworks,hissuccesstodiligenceandintelligence（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.devoted

D.dedicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contributed“有助于，貢獻(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)attributed“把……歸因于，歸結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)devoted“獻(xiàn)身于，致力于”；D選項(xiàng)dedicated“把……奉獻(xiàn)給”。句意：這位著名的藝術(shù)家在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上被問(wèn)到他最近的作品時(shí)，他把他的成功都?xì)w功于勤奮和聰明。由空格前diligenceandintelligence（勤奮和聰明）以及success（成功）的邏輯關(guān)系可知是成功歸因于勤奮和聰明，所以B選項(xiàng)意思正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.填空題

Theeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodsprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cinfoodsprices改為infoodprices

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】C部分的food是統(tǒng)稱(chēng)，指的是所有食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，所以用單數(shù)food。

【句意】主要由于政府逐漸減少在食物方面的支持，同時(shí)食物價(jià)格上漲，該國(guó)食物情況惡化。

4.單選題

Agrowingnumberofcollegeofficials,guidancecounselorsandeducationexpertswouldliketoeliminate,orsharplycurtail(減少)earlyadmission(提前錄取)—aprocessinwhichmanycollegesadmitasubstantialpercentageoftheirstudentsinthefall.Controversyisparticularlyheatedregardingmanyearlyadmissionprogramsthatrequireapplicantstogiveupthechancetoapplyelsewhere.

Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.

ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.Inasignofjusthowcompetitivetheadmissionsprocesshasbecome,hesaidhisuniversitycouldnotmakesuchamovealone.Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.

Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.ManytopprivatecollegesnowacceptmorethanathirdoftheirfreshmanclassesintheweeksbeforeChristmas,significantlyreducingthenumberofspotsavailableinthespring.Fornextyear,Stanfordalreadyhaspicked34%ofitsfreshmanclass;Yalehaschosen42%ofits.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniahaslockedup49.5%ofitsenteringclass.

Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade,especiallysincethemid-1990s,whenYale,PrincetonandStanfordallinstitutedbindingearlydecision.Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.

31.Insomepeople’sopinion,earlyadmissions（）.

32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,Yaleclaimedthat（）.

34.Inrecentyears,earlyadmissions（）.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetoearlyadmissionis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbeabolishedinthefuture

B.causeunfaircompetitionincolleges

C.attractmoreandmorestudents

D.arepopularwithoutentranceexams

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.earlyadmissionsincludeexcellentstudentsineveryschool

B.parentsareagainstearlyadmissionsabsolutely

C.manyparentslearnlittleabouttheearlyadmissionsystem

D.thepeoplewhohavetheupperhandhasmorechancesinearlyadmissions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyweresatisfiedwiththestudentsfromearlyadmissions

B.theywerecriticalofthedeedofothercolleges

C.theywereawareofthedisadvantagesoftheearlyadmissionsystem

D.theywouldreformthecurrentearlyadmissionsystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.changedthestandardfully

B.werelesscompetitive

C.werebecomingmoreandmorepopular

D.werenotpublicizedinspringanylonger

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.despairing

D.conservative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.推理判斷題。定位在文章第二段第一句Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.（反對(duì)提前錄取的人提出了一些批評(píng)言論。）Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說(shuō)，這種做法加劇了進(jìn)入美國(guó)頂尖大學(xué)的不健康競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）由此可知提前錄取會(huì)引起大學(xué)不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。B選項(xiàng)“會(huì)造成大學(xué)里不公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“將來(lái)會(huì)被廢除”，C選項(xiàng)“吸引越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生”，D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有入學(xué)考試很受歡迎”，A，C，D在文章中并未涉及，可排除。故選B。

32.推理判斷題。定位在第二段最后一句Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.（此外，批評(píng)人士說(shuō)，提前錄取不公平地讓一些申請(qǐng)人獲得了優(yōu)勢(shì)，主要是那些已經(jīng)有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)的學(xué)生——就讀于精英私立學(xué)校和富裕的公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生，這些學(xué)校的家庭和輔導(dǎo)員都知道如何從招生系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā)。）A選項(xiàng)“每所學(xué)校的優(yōu)秀生都被提前錄取”，B選項(xiàng)“家長(zhǎng)堅(jiān)決反對(duì)提前錄取”，C選項(xiàng)“許多家長(zhǎng)對(duì)提前錄取制度了解甚少”，A，B，C選項(xiàng)在文章中并未提及，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“那些占上風(fēng)的人在提前錄取方面機(jī)會(huì)更大”正確，故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第三段ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.（本月早些時(shí)候，耶魯大學(xué)的總統(tǒng)教授提出，耶魯和其他精英機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該考慮放棄早期的項(xiàng)目，這引發(fā)了這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論。）Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.（甚至一些提前被他們想要的大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生也說(shuō)，這個(gè)過(guò)程壓力太大，太早了。）由此推論耶魯大學(xué)和提前錄取的學(xué)生都覺(jué)得這項(xiàng)制度有不合理的地方。A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)提前錄取的學(xué)生感到滿(mǎn)意”，未提及。B選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)其他學(xué)院的行為持批評(píng)態(tài)度”，只是倡議取消，并未提出批評(píng)，C選項(xiàng)“他們意識(shí)到了提前錄取制度的弊端”正確，正是意識(shí)到了弊端才會(huì)提出考慮放棄提前錄取的項(xiàng)目。D選項(xiàng)“他們將改革現(xiàn)行的提前錄取制度”，太過(guò)肯定，還處在提議爭(zhēng)論中，并未得出結(jié)果。故選C。

34.推理判斷題。定位在第四段第一句Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.（“提前決定”和“提前行動(dòng)”項(xiàng)目的使用，以不同的方式，讓學(xué)生比通常的春季通知提前幾個(gè)月被錄取。近年來(lái)，這些項(xiàng)目的使用激增，有人說(shuō)達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的高點(diǎn)。）Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade…（提前錄取政策已經(jīng)存在了至少20年。但它們的使用——以及圍繞它們的爭(zhēng)議——在過(guò)去10年中不斷增長(zhǎng)），由關(guān)鍵詞soar“激增”，grown“生長(zhǎng)，擴(kuò)大”，我們可以推理出提前錄取到現(xiàn)在還是普遍盛行的。因此C選項(xiàng)“變得越來(lái)越受歡迎”正確。A選項(xiàng)“完全改變了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”并未談及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，B選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性較弱”，Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說(shuō)，這種做法加劇了進(jìn)入美國(guó)頂尖大學(xué)的不健康競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）表述錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)“在春天不再宣傳了”，據(jù)第四段第一句可知，表述有誤。故選C。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在文章中的最后一句Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.（這些項(xiàng)目顯然對(duì)大學(xué)而言是有利的，允許學(xué)校鎖定有才華的年輕學(xué)者，提高自己在有影響力的大學(xué)中的地位排名。）由此可知作者覺(jué)得這項(xiàng)制度還是有利可取的。故A選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”，C選項(xiàng)“絕望的”，D選項(xiàng)“保守的”均可排除，故選A。

5.單選題

（）Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenif

B.Had

C.Aslongas

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。evenif“即使”；had在這里是表示動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的助詞；aslongas“只要”；if“（表示條件）如果”。句意：如果我意識(shí)到了后果，我絕對(duì)不會(huì)讓自己卷進(jìn)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意為“可選擇的，隨意的”。notcompulsory非強(qiáng)制的，選項(xiàng)D與原句所表達(dá)的意思相符。

7.單選題

Iquizmyselfonceinawhile:HowmanyofficialSouthAfricanlanguagescanIname?Thereareeleven-Afrikaans,English,Ndebele,Pedi,Sotho,Swazi,Tsonga,Tswana,Venda,Xhosa,andZulu—butIusuallyget（1）aroundsixorseven.IoftenwonderhowtheSouthAfricangovernmentcan（2）themall.Itturnsoutthattheyreallycan’t.

Manylanguagesareregulatedbysomekindofauthority,suchasSpain’sRealAcademiaEspanola(agovernmentbody)orFrance’sAcademieFrancaise(moreofanoutsideadvisor).SouthAfrica’selevenlanguagesareallregulatedbythechronicallyunderfundedPanSouthAfricanLanguageBoard,agovernmentaldepartment.Englishisinnodanger,ofcourse.Afrikaansismostlyregulatedbyaseparatebody.Asaresult,PanSALBconcernsitselfmostly（3）thenineofficialBantulanguages,aswellasKhoi,SanandSouthAfricanSignLanguage.

IwrotelastweekthatliteratureinsouthernAfricanlanguagesis（4）beforeeverhavingachancetobe（5）.Yes,therearesocialandhistoricalreasonswhyliteraturedevelopmenthasbeen（6）.Butsomeblamerests（7）PanSALB,thesoleinstitutiondedicatedtotheselanguages.Itisrepeatedlyaccusedofcorruptionandmismanagement.Duringarecentinquiry,itwasuncooperative.Theparliament’sculturecommitteehasvotedtoreducefundingforPanSALBuntilit“gotitshousein（8）”,afterwonderingaloudinAprilhowitsbudgetof56mrand($6.9m)producedsolittle.ThandileSunduza,thechairwomanofthecommittee,thinksitbesttoeliminatePanSALBaltogether,sayinginMay“Thereisnothingthathasbeendone-noprogram,nothing,anymoney.Thereisnothing.”

Tobesure,mismanagementis（9）inSouthAfrica’sgovernment.EvenifPanSALBwereabletoproducetextbooksin,say,Pedi,recenteventssuggestthattheywouldnever（10）ittoPedi-speakingstudentsinLimpopoprovince.Butforinfantliteratures,PanSALB’sincompetencecouldbefatal.PanSALBistheonlymajorfundingandsupportlifelineformanySouthAfricanlanguages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stuck

B.caught

C./

D.mad

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.keepaneyeon

B.keepaneyeat

C.keeptrackof

D.keeptrackon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.with

D.of

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.slow

B.sick

C.booming

D.decent

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.healthy

C.vulgar

D.popular

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.gone

C.slow

D.developed

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.on

D.upon

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.order

B.time

C.finance

D.full

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.rare

B.respected

C.dissected

D.endemic

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.bring

C.take

D.seek

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)getstuck“被卡住”；B選項(xiàng)getcaught“被抓到，被捕”；D選項(xiàng)getmad“變得著迷”。句意：有十一種南非語(yǔ)言——南非荷蘭語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)……，但我通常____六、七種。由此可知雖然有十一種語(yǔ)言，但作者不能記住全部，在6、7種的時(shí)候就卡住了，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)keepaneyeon“照看，留意，密切注視”；B選項(xiàng)keepaneyeat“密切關(guān)注”；C選項(xiàng)keeptrackof“記錄，與……保持聯(lián)系”；D選項(xiàng)keeptrackon“監(jiān)控”。句意：我常常想南非政府怎么能_____這十一種語(yǔ)言。然而事實(shí)證明，他們也不能。根據(jù)句意可知該處填記錄更符合文意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查固定搭配。由句子可知空格處應(yīng)填與concern搭配的介詞，關(guān)于concern的搭配有：concernwith“與……有關(guān)，關(guān)心”；concernon“關(guān)注”。句意：因此，語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)主要關(guān)心的是九種班圖官方語(yǔ)言，以及霍伊語(yǔ)、桑語(yǔ)和南非手語(yǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)slow“慢的，減速的，遲鈍的”；B選項(xiàng)sick“厭惡的，病態(tài)的，不舒服，渴望的，惡心的，生病的”；C選項(xiàng)booming“飛速發(fā)展的，繁榮的，（聲音）低沉洪亮的，奮力撞擊的”；D選項(xiàng)decent“正派的，得體的，相當(dāng)好的”。由下文第二句中的blame（指責(zé)）在于/取決于……可知前文情感基調(diào)是想表明在南非語(yǔ)言有一個(gè)健康發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)之前，其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r并不樂(lè)觀。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。聯(lián)系59題可知，在南非語(yǔ)言有一個(gè)健康發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)之前，其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r并不樂(lè)觀。所以該空應(yīng)填與sick相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)down“不高興的，情緒低落的”；B選項(xiàng)gone“離去的，死去的，神情恍惚的，無(wú)望的，很棒的”；C選項(xiàng)slow“慢的，減速的，遲鈍的”；D選項(xiàng)developed“發(fā)達(dá)的（國(guó)家或地區(qū)），成熟的”。句意：文學(xué)語(yǔ)言發(fā)展____有歷史和社會(huì)原因。根據(jù)上文可知該空應(yīng)填的詞義為“緩慢”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查固定搭配。restwith“在于/取決于”。句意：但有些人要怪罪于唯一致力于這些語(yǔ)言的機(jī)構(gòu)——語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inorder“整齊，秩序井然，按順序，狀況良好”；B選項(xiàng)intime“及時(shí)，適時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)finance“財(cái)政，財(cái)政學(xué)，金融”；D選項(xiàng)infull“全部，全額，充足”。文中是指該組委會(huì)應(yīng)該清理干凈自己的房子，即將自身腐敗和管理不善的問(wèn)題逐一解決。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rare“稀有的，稀薄的，半熟的”；B選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的”；C選項(xiàng)dissected“切開(kāi)的，分開(kāi)的，多裂的”；D選項(xiàng)endemic“地方性的，風(fēng)土的”。句意：很肯定的是，管理不善這一問(wèn)題是南非政府的一項(xiàng)地方性通病。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。上文說(shuō)到語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)有能力為說(shuō)佩迪語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生制作教材，但是最近的事件表明他們不會(huì)給林波波省那些說(shuō)佩迪語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生制作學(xué)習(xí)教材。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Britishfoodhasagoodreputation,butEnglishcookinghasabadone.Itisdifficulttoexplainthereasonforthis.Unfortunately,however,superbrawingredientsareoftenminedfromthekitchensothattheycometothetablewithoutanyofthenaturalflavorandgoodness.

ThisbadreputationdiscouragesalotofpeoplefromeatinginanEnglishrestaurant.Iftheydogotoone,theyareusuallyfullofprejudiceagainstthefood.Itisapity,becausethereareexcellentcooksinEngland,excellentrestaurants,andexcellenthome-cooking.How,then,hasthebadreputationbeenbuiltup?

PerhapsonereasonisthatBritain’sIndustrialRevolutionoccurredveryearly,inthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Asaresult;thequalityoffoodchangedtoo.ThiswasbecauseBritainstoppedbeingalargelyagriculturalcountry.Thepopulationofthetownsincreasedenormouslybetween1840and1870,andpeoplecouldnolongergrowtheirownfood,orbuyitfleshfromafarm.Hugequantitiesoffoodhadtobetakentothetowns,andalotofitlostitsfreshnessontheway.

Thislackoffreshnesswasdisguisedby“dressingup”thefood.Therichmiddleclassesate16ngelaboratemealswhichwerecookedforthembyFrenchchefs.Frenchbecame,andhasremained,theofficiallanguageofthediningroom.Out-of-seasondelicacieswereservedinspiteoftheirexpense,fortherewerealargenumberofextremelywealthypeoplewhowantedtoestablishthemselvessocially.The“l(fā)ook”ofthefoodwasmoreimportantthanitstaste.

Inthe1930s,thesupplyofservantbegantodecrease.Peoplestilltriedtoproducecomplicateddishes,however,buttheyeconomizedonthepreparationtime.TheSecondWorldWarmadethingsevenworsebymakingrawingredientsextremelyscarce.Asaresult,thereweremanywomenwhoneverhadtheopportunitytochooseapieceofmeatfromawell-stockedbutcher’sshop,butwerecontentandgratefultoacceptanythingthatwasofferedtothem.

FoodrationingcontinuedinBritainuntiltheearly1950s.Itwasonlyafterthishadstopped,andbutter,eggsandcreambecamemoreplentiful,anditwaspossibletotravelabroadagainandtasteotherwaysofpreparingfood,thattheEnglishdifferencetoeatingbecamereplacedbyanewenthusiasmforit.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisdifficulttoexplain（）.

2.ThenegativeeffectofBritain’sIndustrialRevolutiononEnglishcookingisthat（）.

3.AsaresultoftheIndustrialRevolution,（）.

4.TheSecondWorldWarworsenedtheproblembecause（）.

5.AnewenthusiasmforeatingemergedinBritain（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whyexcellentingredientsarespoiledintheprocessofcooking

B.whypeopledonotlikeEnglishcooking

C.whyBritishfoodoftenhasanaturalflavor

D.whypeoplepreferhome-cookingtoreadymadefood

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepopulationinthecountrysidedecreaseddramatically

B.peoplenolongergrewtheirownfoodontheirownfarms

C.thefreshnessoffoodwaslostonthewaytothecities

D.Britainwasnolongeranagriculturalcountry

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreattentionwasgiventothelookofthefood

B.FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageinEnglishrestaurants

C.alargenumberofextremelywealthypeopleateinFrenchrestaurants

D.out-of-seasondelicaciesbecameveryexpensive

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therewasanincreasingdemandforservants

B.therewasalackofrawingredientsupply

C.manywomenrefusedtochoosemeatfrombutcher’sshops

D.FrenchchefsdominatedEnglishrestaurants

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.whenmanywomenfinallyhadtheopportunitytopurchasefleshmeatfromawell-stockedbutcher’sshop

B.whenbutter,eggsandcreambecameavailable

C.whenpeoplestartedtravelingtoothercities

D.aftertheearly1950s

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的一二句“Britishfoodhasagoodreputation,butEnglishcookinghasabadone.Itisdifficulttoexplainthereasonforthis.”可知，很難解釋的是為什么人們不喜歡英國(guó)的烹飪。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“IndustrialRevolution”定位到第三段，根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，英國(guó)工業(yè)革命對(duì)英國(guó)烹飪產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)負(fù)面影響是“Hugequantitiesoffoodhadtobetakentothetowns,andalotofitlostitsfreshnessontheway.”大量的食物被運(yùn)到城鎮(zhèn)，食物在運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^(guò)程中不再新鮮。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后一句“The“l(fā)ook”ofthefoodwasmoreimportantthanitstaste.”工業(yè)革命使得人們更注重食物的外觀而不是口感。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“TheSecondWorldWar”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“TheSecondWorldWarmadethingsevenworsebymakingrawingredientsextremelyscarce.”二戰(zhàn)使得原材料極度匱乏，情況更加糟糕。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，在1950年以后，英國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一種新的飲食熱潮。選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obligation

B.conviction

C.instruction

D.presentation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。obligation意為“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”；conviction意為“定罪，深信”；instruction意為“授課”；presentation意為“提交，報(bào)告”。

句意：學(xué)校承諾將班級(jí)縮小，并提供更加個(gè)性化的授課。

10.單選題

ThemonthwhichstartedwiththefallofRomewitnessedalsothefallofothercitiesandtheGermanFortresswassuccessfullybesieged.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppressed

B.surveyed

C.surrounded

D.surrendered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。besiege表示“圍困，包圍”；A項(xiàng)suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查，測(cè)量”，C項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”，D項(xiàng)surrender“投降，放棄”。句意：從羅馬淪陷開(kāi)始的那個(gè)月，也見(jiàn)證了其他城市的淪陷，德國(guó)要塞被成功包圍。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

11.單選題

Ifmyapplicationforthescholarship（

）,（

）ImyeducationintheStatesnow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasaccepted/cancontinue

B.hasbeenaccepted/havebeencontinuing

C.hadbeenaccepted/couldhavecontinued

D.accepts/willhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知這里是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could+havedone，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Wearenotonverygood（）withthepeoplenextdoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.friendship

B.relations

C.will

D.terms

【答案】D

【解析】on?good/bad?terms?with為固定詞組,意思是“和...關(guān)系很好/不和”。句意：我們和鄰居的關(guān)系不是很好。

13.單選題

Mybrother’splansare______;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.ambitious

C.aggressive

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.arbitrary任意的；武斷的B.ambitious有野心的；有雄心的

C.aggressive好斗的；挑釁的D.abundant大量的；豐盛的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句的句意“他想在16歲之前掌握英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)”可得知，他的計(jì)劃是雄心勃勃的，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我哥哥的計(jì)劃雄心勃勃；他想在16歲之前掌握英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)。

14.單選題

Ineconomics，demandimpliessomethingslightlydifferentfromthecommonmeaningoftheterm.Thelayman,forexample，oftenusedthetermtomeantheamountthatisdemandedofanitem.Thus,ifthepriceweretodecreaseandindividualswantedmoreoftheitem,itiscommonlysaidthatdemandincreases.Toaneconomist,demandisarelationshipbetweenaseriesofpricesandaseriesofcorrespondingquantitiesthataredemandedattheseprices.I￡oneroadstheprevioussentencescarefully，itshouldbecomeapparentthatthereisadistinctionbetweenthequantitydemandedanddemand.Thisdistinctionisoftenapointofconfusionandweallshouldbeawareofandunderstandthedifferencebetweenthesetwoitems.Werepeat,therefore,thatdemandisarelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitiesdemanded,andthereforesuggeststheeffectofone(e.g.，price)ontheother(e.g.quantitydemanded).Therefore,knowledgeofthedemandforaproductenablesonetopredicthowmuchmoreofaproductwillbepurchasedifpricedecreases.Buttheincreaseinquantitydemandeddoesnotmeandemandhasincreased,sincetherelationshipbetweenpriceandquantity(i.e.，thedemandfortheproduct)hasnotchanged.Demandshiftswhenthereisachangeinincome,expectations,tastes,etc.，suchthatadifferentquantityoftheproductisdemandedatthesameprice.

Inalmostallcases，aconsumerwantsmoreofanitemifthepricedecreases.Thisrelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemandedissostrongthatitisreferredtoasthe“l(fā)awofdemand”.This“l(fā)aw”canbeexplainedbytheincomeandsubstitutioneffects.Theincomeeffectoccursbecausepriceincreasesreducethepurchasingpoweroftheindividualand,thus，thequantitydemandedofgoodsmustdecrease.Thesubstitutioneffectreflectstheconsumer’sdesiretogetthe“bestbuy”.Accordingly,ifthepriceofproductAincreases,theindividualwilltendtosubstituteanotherproductandpurchaselessofgoodsAThenegativecorrelationbetweenpriceandquantitydemandedisalsoexplainedbythelawofdiminishingmarginalutility.Accordingtothislaw，theadditionalutilitytheconsumergainsfromconsumingaproductdecreasesassuccessivelymoreunitsoftheproductareconsumed.Becausetheadditionalunitsyieldlessutilityorsatisfaction,theconsumeriswillingtopurchasemoreonlyifthepriceoftheproductdecreases.

Economistsdistinguishbetweenindividualandmarketdemand.Asthetermimplies，individualdemandconcernstheindividualconsumerandillustratethequantitiesthatindividualsdemandatdifferentprices.Marketdemandincludesthedemandofallindividualsforaparticulargoodsandisfoundbysummingthequantitiesdemandedbyallindividualsatthevariousprices.

Theothersideofthepricesystemissupply.Asinthecaseofdemand,supplyisarelationshipbetweenaseriesofpricesandtheassociatedquantitiessupplied.Itisassumedthataspriceincreasestheindividualorfirmwillsupplygreaterquantitiesofaproduct.Thereisa