考研考博-英語-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

問題1選項

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項treatment“治療，療法，處理，對待”；B選項board“董事會，木板，甲板，膳食”；C選項applause“歡呼，喝彩，鼓掌歡迎，掌聲”；D選項comment“評論，意見，批評，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：這部影片受到了觀眾冷落。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Thoughherparents____hermusicalability,JerriLou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible.

問題1選項

A.pourscornon

B.heappraiseupon

C.giveventto

D.castlightupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析與上下文語義。A選項pourscornon“嘲笑”；B選項heappraiseupon“大加稱贊”；C選項giveventto“發(fā)泄；吐露”；D選項castlightupon“使明白；闡明（某個問題或情況）”。句意：雖然她的父母____她的音樂能力，JerriLous的鋼琴真的彈得不好。根據(jù)Though“雖然”推斷，前后兩個分句意義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，后一個分句是貶，那么前一個分句應(yīng)該是褒，B選項最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

3.單選題

Ifyougototheparkeverydayinthemorning,youwill（

）findhimdoingphysicalexercisethere.

問題1選項

A.logically

B.ordinarily

C.invariably

D.persistently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。logically“邏輯上”；ordinarily“通常地，慣常地”；invariably“總是，不變的”persistently“堅持地”。由gototheparkeveryday及“there”可推知C項正確。句意：如果你每天早晨都去公園，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他總是在那里做運動。答案C

4.問答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

5.單選題

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity（

）?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（

）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss（

）?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic（

）?

問題1選項

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

問題2選項

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

問題3選項

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

問題4選項

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

問題5選項

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干：很多人相信科學(xué)通過_______幫助社會進步。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“Manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience（然而，許多人認為，我們的進步取決于科學(xué)的兩個不同方面），這里明確指出社會進步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience，因此B選項正確。A選項“應(yīng)用知識”，C選項“僅靠技術(shù)”，D選項“利用機器”，A，C，D選項都不夠全面。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項。

2.細節(jié)判斷題。題干：關(guān)于好奇心，以下哪個選項不正確？由題干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句對科學(xué)家的好奇心進行了詳細解釋。第三句指出Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected（他通常把注意力放在那些沒有令人滿意的解釋的問題上，他的好奇心使他尋找潛在的關(guān)系，即使可用的數(shù)據(jù)似乎是毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的），選項B對應(yīng)前一個分句，選項C對應(yīng)and后的第二個分句。末句Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.（此外，他認為他可以改善現(xiàn)有的條件，并樂于嘗試解決其中涉及的問題。），表示他對自己有信心，且從這一過程獲得愉悅，即pleasure，A也符合文意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項。

3.細節(jié)判斷題。通過文章可知，一個成功的科學(xué)家不會_________。根據(jù)第六段首句的內(nèi)容，選項A中的uncheckedstatements是對“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括，說明成功的可科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該輕信沒有檢驗的結(jié)論，故選A。選項B“容易批判別人的研究工作”與第七段首句的含義一致，所以排除B選項，選項C“在工作中經(jīng)常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表達的意思重合，所以排除C選項，選項D“經(jīng)常利用通過觀察得到的證據(jù)”和倒數(shù)第三段第一句表達的意思重合，所以排除D選項。故排除。從文中可知，科學(xué)家不是很容易相信沒有檢驗的結(jié)論，但是他不僅批判別人的工作，還批判自己的工作，工作時需要想象力，充分利用自己觀察所得。綜上所述，本題正確答案是A選項。

4.主旨大意題。題干：文章主要討論的是？文章開篇通過一個文句引出對科學(xué)態(tài)度的本質(zhì)的思考，第二段和第三段介紹了社會進步以來與科學(xué)的兩個方面，之后第四段首句通過一個問句引出全文主題。后面的內(nèi)容都是對這個主題的具體說明。末段對這一主旨進行概括，可見本文的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)注methodsofthinkingandacting，故選C。A、B、D選項均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題正確答案是C選項。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介紹成功科學(xué)家的思維和行為方式。文中沒有任何正面或負面評價，可見作者在文中是非常客觀地說明成功科學(xué)家的思維和行為方式，故選B“客觀的”。A選項“批評的”，C選項“有偏見的”和D選項“不清楚的”，均不是作者的觀點。綜上所述，本題正確答案是B選項。

6.單選題

Maximumbenefitstypicallyrangefrom$50,000to$250,000,thoughsome（）havenolimit.

問題1選項

A.policies

B.bills

C.charges

D.prices

【答案】C

【解析】句意：最大的福利通常在5萬至25萬美元之間，不過有些費用沒有上限。bills一般指賬單；charge做動詞意為指控，要價；做名詞意為費用，手續(xù)費等。所以選項C更合適。

7.單選題

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（

）fromMarathontoAthens.

問題1選項

A.thedistance

B.distance

C.thedistanceis

D.isthedistance

【答案】A

【解析】句意:奧林匹克馬拉松賽長26英里385碼，該段距離大致是從馬拉松到雅典的距離。

語法題?？疾橥徽Z。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知“approximatelyfromMarathontoAthens.”是對前一句的“26milesand385yards”距離進行補充說明;故這里填寫的詞應(yīng)該是這個距離的同位語,因此A項“thedistance”正確。

8.單選題

Ifyoukeeponoverworkingyourself,yourhealthwill（

）.

問題1選項

A.degenerate

B.deteriorate

C.degrade

D.deform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。degenerate“使退化，惡化，墮落”；deteriorate“惡化”；degrade“貶低，使丟臉”；deform“使變形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你繼續(xù)過度工作，你的健康狀況會變壞。B項符合題意。

9.單選題

Therewasnotrafficvisible,butTangoholduphisrightarmmajestically,asthoughhe______acrowdofroaringtrucks.

問題1選項

A.ishalting

B.hadhalted

C.wouldbehalting

D.werehalting

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。asthough在這里引導(dǎo)了后面的虛擬語氣，表示“仿佛”；此處是對過去的虛擬，因此從句用過去時態(tài)，又因為語境需要，表示動作正在進行，A、B、C選項時態(tài)均不對，只有D項符合。句意：路上看不到車輛，但探戈莊嚴(yán)地舉起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼嘯的卡車。故正確答案為D。

10.單選題

IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.

Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.

Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.

IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.

Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

56.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

57.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplay,thatisto______.

58.Intheauthorsopinion,marriage______.

59.Coupleshavinginfantchildren______.

60.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill______.

問題1選項

A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.

B.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.

C.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.

D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.

問題2選項

A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappiness

B.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun

C.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlives

D.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties

問題3選項

A.affordsgreaterfun

B.leadstoraisingchildren

C.indicatescommitment

D.endsinpain

問題4選項

A.areluckysincetheycanhaveawholenightssleep

B.findfunintuckingthemintobedatnight

C.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem

D.derivehappinessfromtheirendeavor

問題5選項

A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothers

B.makethebestuseofhistimeincreasinghappiness

C.giveafreehandtomoney

D.keephimselfwithhisfamily

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項是正確的？”。第二段最后三句指出Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.（娛樂是我們在表演過程中所體驗到的，幸福是一個行為之后的感受，它是一種更深刻、更持久的情感）可知，幸福是一種持久的體驗，而娛樂只是在過程中體驗到的，它是短暫的；所以C項“幸福是持久的，而娛樂是短暫的”正確。A項“娛樂創(chuàng)造持久的滿足感”表述與原文相反；B項“娛樂帶來快樂，而痛苦帶來幸?！保硎霾粶?zhǔn)確，不是所有的幸福都是痛苦帶來的；D項“長期存在的娛樂可能會帶來幸?！痹诘谌巫詈笠痪溆刑峒癇uttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.（但娛樂并不能帶來幸福，因為當(dāng)樂趣結(jié)束時，它們的積極影響也隨之終止），所以D項錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

57.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“對作者來說，好萊塢明星都有一個重要的作用，那就是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.（我常常這樣想，如果好萊塢明星有什么作用的話，那就是告訴我們幸福與娛樂毫無關(guān)系），所以B項“告訴公眾幸福與樂趣無關(guān)”正確。文中提到明星的回憶錄充滿著不幸，是為了和他們那些意味著“幸?！钡臇|西做比較，來論證第四段的中心句，所以A項“寫一本又一本關(guān)于他們幸福的回憶錄”和D項“給公眾帶來快樂而不是去參加迷人的聚會”不能準(zhǔn)確表達作者的意思；C項“教人們?nèi)绾蜗硎苌睢蔽恼聸]有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

58.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“在作者的觀點中，婚姻……”。根據(jù)第五段前兩句Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.（問問一個單身漢，為什么即使他發(fā)現(xiàn)約會越來越不令人滿意，他也會拒絕結(jié)婚；如果他是誠實的，他會告訴你他害怕做出承諾，因為承諾其實是相當(dāng)痛苦的）可知，婚姻意味著承諾，所以C項“表示承諾”正確。第五段提到Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.（單身生活充滿了樂趣、冒險和刺激，婚姻也有這樣的時刻，但它們并不是婚姻最顯著的特征）可知，婚姻也充滿樂趣，但是這不是最顯著的特征，文章沒有提到婚姻會帶來更大的樂趣，所以A項“提供更大的樂趣”錯誤；B項“導(dǎo)致?lián)狃B(yǎng)孩子”太絕對，婚姻中也可以選擇不要孩子；第五段雖然提到了couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.（選擇不要孩子的夫婦是在選擇無痛的樂趣，而不是痛苦的幸福），但婚姻是痛苦的幸福是因為帶孩子就沒有很多休息時間，痛苦但幸福著，而不是說婚姻是以痛苦為結(jié)尾，D項“在痛苦中結(jié)束”偷換概念。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

59.推理判斷題。題干意思是“有嬰兒的夫婦……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段，Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.（同樣，選擇不要孩子的夫婦是在選擇無痛的樂趣，而不是痛苦的幸福。他們可以隨時外出用餐，想睡多久就睡多久。帶著嬰兒的夫婦能得到一整夜的睡眠或三天的假期就很幸運了。我不知道有哪個父母會選擇“樂趣”這個詞來形容養(yǎng)育孩子。），由此可以推斷，帶孩子的夫婦是在帶孩子的痛苦中找到快樂的幸福感，所以D項“從他們的努力中獲得幸?！狈项}意。A項“很幸運，因為他們可以睡一整晚”和C項“找更多的時間去玩和與他們開玩笑”與原文不符，原文是說沒有孩子的夫婦可以隨時出去玩；B項“在晚上給他們掖被子的時候找到樂趣”文中沒有提到掖被子。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

60.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“如果一個人懂得了快樂的真正意義，他就會……”。根據(jù)最后一段第二句nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.（現(xiàn)在我們可以把更多的時間投入到能夠真正增加我們幸福的活動中）可知B項“充分利用他的時間增加幸福”正確。第三句提到buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.（買一輛新車或那些花哨的衣服對增加我們的快樂毫無用處）可知C項“自由支配金錢”不正確；A項“停止玩游戲去和別人開玩笑”和D項“和家人待在一起”在最后一段未提及。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

11.單選題

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

問題1選項

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項pondering為ponder的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“沉思，默想”，B項intimating為intimate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“暗示，通知”，C項indigenous“本土的，國產(chǎn)的”，D項intimidating為intimidate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“恐嚇，威脅”。前面的句子意思是“你說我今天看起來很放松”，后面提到了uptight（緊張），這與前面相反，可以推測空格處表示“暗示”，B項符合。句意：你說我今天看起來很放松。你是在暗示我平常看起來都是緊張的嗎？因此，該題選擇B項。

12.單選題

Thereasonwhytheydidn'tgetanypeopletohelpthemintheworkis（）theydidn'twanttotroubleanyone.

問題1選項

A.because

B.for

C.since

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】thereasonwhy...isthat...為特定句型。所以本題選D。

13.單選題

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

問題1選項

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項main“主要的，最大的”，B選項controversial“引起爭論的，有爭議的”，C選項subjective“主觀的，個人的”，D選項neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的觀點代表了支持者和反對者都能認同的觀點和事實。因此，D選項符合句意。

14.單選題

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

問題2選項

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

問題3選項

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

問題4選項

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

問題5選項

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某種程度上，獎金的金額（2000年約為91萬美元）很重要；現(xiàn)金價值容易模糊成威望）可知諾貝爾的豐厚獎金使它更聲名顯赫，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功績超過普通人。Feldman先生的下一個問題就是質(zhì)疑其真實性）可知A“諾貝爾獎的頒發(fā)可能不以功績?yōu)橐罁?jù)”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（諾貝爾獎……必須在指導(dǎo)方針和參數(shù)范圍內(nèi)工作）可知與B選項“諾貝爾獎嚴(yán)格遵循選擇原則”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑選過程中的人可能同時具有操縱性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蝕了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（堅信自己的誠意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他們看不到自己的弱點和他們文化的弱點）可知與C選項“瑞典科學(xué)院成員的意見可能是有失偏頗的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（諾貝爾保密性阻礙了新的、糾正性的批評）可知與D選項“甄選過程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科學(xué)獎以最好的成績出現(xiàn)）可知Feldman先生對科學(xué)獎的評價最高，因此選A。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他認為這些獎項比一個世紀(jì)前更“健康”；是“在所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都受到攻擊的時代，迫切需要權(quán)威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我們對偉大事物驚嘆不如的能力）可知盡管諾貝爾獎有一些問題，但還是有存在的必要，因此選C。

15.翻譯題

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者無論在情感上還是在理智上都著眼于未來，而不是執(zhí)著于過去。他們渴望創(chuàng)新，積極開拓。他們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，他們想要前進去創(chuàng)造新事物。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不僅提供指導(dǎo)也提供答案，不僅給予力量而且樂于奉獻，他們說話既根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，也根據(jù)他們對所面臨的問題和一起共事的人的理解。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者處事靈活而不武斷。他們相信的是團結(jié)而不是隨波逐流。他們力圖在沖突中達成共識。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在于讓人們始終盡顯其能，幫助他們最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛力，并激勵他們朝著共同的目標(biāo)而努力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在必要的時候能做出正確的決斷。

一個好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，一個卓有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，是一個尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個尊重組織上各級員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也會得到他人的尊重。所有這些都會激勵大家共同努力。

16.單選題

Ifeverybodyhasarrivedthemeetingmay（

）now.

問題1選項

A.commence

B.criticize

C.comment

D.conclude

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。commence“開始；著手”；criticize“批評；評論”；comment“發(fā)表評論”；conclude“推斷；斷定”。句意：如果每個人都到了，那會議就開始了。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

Americanuniversitystudentsareexpectedtoabidebythehonorsystem.

問題1選項

A.support

B.obey

C.understand

D.value

【答案】B

【解析】abideby意為遵守，信守。只有選項B與之意思相近。

18.單選題

Itisnotforbiddentodreamofbuildingabetterworld,whichisbyandlargewhatthesocialsciencestrytohelpustodo.Howtomakecitiesmoreharmonious,reducecrimerates,improvewelfare,overcomeracism,increaseourwealth—thisisthestuffofsocialsciences.Thetroubleisthatthefindingsofsocialsciencesareoftendismissedasbeingtootheoretical,tooambitiousortoounpalatable.Themethodsofresearcharealsooftenattackedfortheirlackofrigor,andcriticsarequicktopointoutthatthepeoplewhomaketheimportantdecisionspaylittleattentiontowhatsocialscientistshavetosayanyway.Thiswouldchangeifthesocialsciencesmadethemselvesmorerelevantandreadyforthesocietyofthe21stcentury.

Socialsciencesbegantotakeshapeinthe19thcentury,butcameintotheirownatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,whenanumberofwell-establisheddisciplines,includingeconomics,sociology,politicalscience,historyandanthropologyreallymadetheirmark.Geographyandpsychologycouldbeaddedtothatlist.However,onlysociology,politicalscienceandeconomicshavesucceededinconsolidatingtheirpositioninthesocialsciencesmainstream.Theotherswerevirtuallyallmarginalized.Moreover,powerfulinstitutionalbarriersnowseparatethevariousdisciplines.

Hardlytherightatmosphereinwhichtogrowanddealwiththeharshcriticismwhichthesocialscienceshavecomeinforfrommanyquarters,includinggovernmentsandinternationalcommissions.Radicalmeasuresarenowbeingsuggestedtoturnthingsround,fromhowtoawarduniversitychairs,tosettingsyllabiandraisingfunds.

Theneedforde-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplinesconcernsallofthesocialsciences,thoughperhapseconomicsmostofall.Onlyithasacquiredadominantpositioninmanagementandpublicaffairs.Somewouldsayithasfallenundertheswayof“unitarythinking”,withlittleroomfordebate,forexample,onthequestionofdebtreductionormonetarytightness.Moreover,manypeopledonotbelievethateconomicscienceformspartofso