考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite（

）thismorning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insane

B.lucid

C.patient

D.messy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insane“精神失常的，精神錯亂的”；B選項(xiàng)lucid“表達(dá)清楚的，頭腦清晰的，清醒的”；C選項(xiàng)patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D選項(xiàng)messy“骯臟的，凌亂的”。由but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）可知空格處與前面的delirious（極度亢奮的，精神錯亂的）意思相反，因此選B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。

2.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered_______ofeachotherinthought,buttheyarcinseparableinfact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly不清楚地,分不清地;separately分別地,分離地;irrelevantly無關(guān)地,不相干地;independently獨(dú)立地。句意：語言、文化和人格在思想上可以相互獨(dú)立,但實(shí)際上是不可分割的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉烏馬拉人（Tarahumaras）的原因。錄音開頭提到，他發(fā)現(xiàn)對塔拉烏馬拉人的語言進(jìn)行的研究很少，于是產(chǎn)生了研究該部落的念頭，A選項(xiàng)“他發(fā)現(xiàn)對他們語言的研究幾乎沒有”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他正努力保護(hù)印第安人部落的語言”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“他與一名社會工作者的接觸極大地激發(fā)了他對該部落的興趣”，利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的asocialworker設(shè)置干擾，錄音說的是他通過一名社會工作者與部落的成員取得了聯(lián)系，是研究該部落的一種渠道而不是研究該部落的原因，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“與Gonzalez的會面使他渴望更多地了解這個部落”，錄音中提及Copeland與Gonzalez的會面是發(fā)生在他產(chǎn)生了研究興趣之后，因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問Gonzalez是如何幫助Copeland的？錄音中提到，Gonzalez帶Copeland去了他所在的村落，并充當(dāng)了中間人，D選項(xiàng)“他在Copeland和村民之間扮演著中間人的角色”符合錄音原文的表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他教Copeland說塔拉烏馬拉人的語言”和C項(xiàng)“他推薦他的一位好朋友當(dāng)翻譯”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“他勸服塔拉烏馬拉人接受Copeland的禮物”，錄音只說了塔拉烏馬拉人接受了禮物，并與大家一起分享，并沒有提及他們是否在Gonzalez的勸說下才接受禮物，因此B選項(xiàng)也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者對JamesCopeland的塔拉烏馬拉人村落之旅的看法。錄音提到，對Copeland而言，進(jìn)入塔拉烏馬拉人的世界是一項(xiàng)艱苦的任務(wù)（alaboriousproject），因此C選項(xiàng)“艱苦的，費(fèi)勁的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)知的”；B選項(xiàng)“不合理的”和D選項(xiàng)“乏味的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問塔拉烏馬拉部落給Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么？錄音結(jié)尾提到，Copeland從他們互相分享和關(guān)心中看到了很多美好，因此B選項(xiàng)“他們的分享和關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們對外來者的幫助表示感激”，錄音中沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們樂于適應(yīng)科技”，錄音中提到的是（塔拉烏馬拉部落的）人們拒絕科技（rejectingtechnology），因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)樽约簞?chuàng)造財(cái)富的信仰”，錄音中提及塔拉烏馬拉人不崇尚積累財(cái)富（whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth），因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

4.單選題

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；gracious“親切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”。句意：我經(jīng)常吃中餐，但是我無法想象真正的中式宴會會有多么好，多么奢侈。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleofferspracticalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.

Oneapplicationofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademicactivities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspans,sothelengthoftimetheycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduledtolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.However,atthestartoftheschoolyear,attentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.ToapplyGuthrie’stheory,ateachermight,atthestartoftheyear,limitactivitiesto15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincreasethetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.

Thethresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.Whenchildrenfirstlearntoformletters,theirmovementsareawkwardandtheylackfinemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposelywidesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlinesisinitiallyintroduced,students’letterswouldspilloverthebordersandstudentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithinthelargerborders,theycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefinetheirskills.

Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhendiscipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacrosstheroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroom,givethemalargestackofpaper,andtellthemtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthestudentshavemadeseveralairplanes,theactivityshouldloseitsattractionandpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.

Somestudentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysicaleducationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethod,theteachermightdecidetohavethesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshasbegun.

Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatiblewithtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofindinterestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudentsfindthebooksenjoyable,themediacenterwill,overtime,becomeacueforselectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithotherstudents.

Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfallasleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhilelecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelementsintoeachlesson,suchasexperiments,videotapes,anddebates,inanattempttoinvolvestudentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Guthrieidentifiedthreemethodsfor（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexampleofapplyingthethresholdmethod?

4.Tostopsnackingwhilewatchingtelevision,peopleshouldkeeptheirhandsbusybysewing,painting,workingcrosswordpuzzles,andsoforth.Overtime,watchingTVbecomesacueforengaginginanactivityotherthansnacking.Whatmethodisusedinthisexample?

5.Wecandrawtheconclusionfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inform

B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.educatingstudents

B.alteringbadhabits

C.avoidingundesiredaction

D.forminggoodhobbies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsintroducespinachinsmallbitesormixedwithafoodthatthechildenjoysovertimesothatthechildwillnotrefusetoeatit.

B.Teachersintroduceacademiccontentinshortblocksoftimeforyoungchildrenandgraduallyincreasesessionlengthbutnottowherestudentsbecomefrustratedorbored.

C.Paperwithwiderlinesisfirstusedandthenpaperwithnarrowlinesisintroducedstepbysteptohelpchildrenlearnprintingandhandwriting.

D.Achildmightbemadetothrowtoysuntilitisnolongerfunbyhisparentsinordertochangehisbehaviorofrepeatedlythrowingtoys.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thethresholdmethod.

B.Thefatiguemethod.

C.Theincompatibleresponsemethod.

D.Thepunishmentmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincompatibleresponsemethodistoforcechildtomakeunwantedresponserepeatedlyinpresenceofstimulusuntilheorshebecomesexhausted

B.thethresholdmethodreferstointroducingundesiredbehaviorwitharesponseincompatiblewiththeundesiredresponsesotheycannotbeperformedsimultaneously

C.thefatiguemethodmeansthatengaginginthebehavioristransformedintoavoidingitbyintroducingthestimulusatfullstrengthsoitbecomesacuefornotperformingit

D.thefatiguemethodisthatinpresenceofstimulusteachershavechildrenmakeresponseincompatiblewithunwantedresponse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。首先，原文第一句話說到：Guthrie的接觸原則為如何打破習(xí)慣提供了實(shí)用的建議。在接下來的內(nèi)容中主要是闡述是如何應(yīng)用這個原則，并且提到了幾種方法，由此我們可以推斷，文章的目的主要是向我們闡述這些方法，所以本題選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容：Guthrie的接觸原則為如何打破習(xí)慣提供了實(shí)用的建議。所以這三種方法是為了打破習(xí)慣，也就是改變壞的習(xí)慣，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)D屬于“thefatiguemethod”而不是“thethresholdmethod”。所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句“Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.”不契合反應(yīng)法適用于在面對傳播媒體時講話和行為不端的學(xué)生?？措娨晫儆诿鎸γ襟w的行為，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。選項(xiàng)A描述的是“疲勞法”而不是“不契合反應(yīng)法”，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)B指的是“不契合反應(yīng)法”而不是“閾值法”，也不正確；選項(xiàng)D描述的是“不契合反應(yīng)法”而不是“疲勞法”，不正確。所以，只有選項(xiàng)C表述正確。

6.問答題

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大腦皮層）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：大腦組織的特點(diǎn)是……。A選項(xiàng)“頭骨的內(nèi)部”；B選項(xiàng)“不同的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能”；C選項(xiàng)“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞密集排列”。第一段第一句話Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大腦被組織成不同的區(qū)域，每個區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能，在人類中這個組織非常明顯），因此答案選B。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移動，吃飯和睡覺，甚至吠喊。A選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞”；B選項(xiàng)“頭骨”；C選項(xiàng)“半腦”；D選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”。根據(jù)題干定位到第八九句話Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（實(shí)際上，它失去了我們通常所說的智力的特征——意識、興趣、與環(huán)境的互動，以及適應(yīng)和學(xué)習(xí)的能力。因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）從這里可以看出答案選D。

第3題:詞義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“椅子”；B選項(xiàng)“身體的一部分”，C選項(xiàng)“某物所在的地方或某物被進(jìn)行的地方”；D選項(xiàng)“皮質(zhì)”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）這里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申義“智力所在之地”，所以答案選C。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：皮質(zhì)層的視覺部分尤其有趣因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“特定的神經(jīng)元層對特定的輸入刺激方向敏感”；B選項(xiàng)“大部分結(jié)構(gòu)是由基因決定的”；C選項(xiàng)“水平線受到刺激”；D選項(xiàng)“垂直線受到刺激”。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大腦皮層的視覺部分尤其有趣。在視覺皮層中，對細(xì)胞的電刺激可以產(chǎn)生光的感覺，詳細(xì)分析表明，特定的神經(jīng)元層對特定的輸入刺激方向敏感，因此，一層對水平線反應(yīng)最大，而另一層對垂直線反應(yīng)最大）所以排除C、D選項(xiàng)，答案選A，選項(xiàng)B沒有提及。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”；B選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”；C選項(xiàng)“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)“大腦半球”。原文最開始引出了大腦皮層這一話題，通過舉了狗和視覺皮層中的例子來表明大腦皮層的作用，提出“大腦皮層似乎是大腦高階功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大腦皮層多年來一直是研究人員研究的主題”這一概念，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B，C，D選項(xiàng)都是文章中的片面的內(nèi)容，文章沒有花費(fèi)大量筆墨描寫“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”；“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”；D“大腦半球”，屬于以偏概全。

8.單選題

JustastheUnitedStatesmustchange,sotoomustthoseeconomiesthathavepreviouslyreliedonexports（）weaknessesintheirowndemand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tooffset

B.byoffsetting

C.inoffsetting

D.offsetting

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配relyonsth.todo“依靠……做某事”，句意：正如美國必須做出的改變一樣，那些經(jīng)濟(jì)體以前也依賴出口來找消除內(nèi)需不足的弱點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。dolater-born從句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。簡化使句子簡潔流暢，因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z長，故do在前。句意：一個家庭中第一個孩子似乎有更強(qiáng)烈的成功愿望……。結(jié)合句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortablealternativegiventhedeplorablestateofthenation’shighwaysandthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroadsurfaces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrained

B.supported

C.favored

D.damaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干hampered“妨礙，阻止”。A項(xiàng)“阻止；約束”，B項(xiàng)“支持”，C項(xiàng)“喜愛，偏愛”，D項(xiàng)“損害；傷害”。因此選A。句意：考慮到國家公路狀況糟糕，騎馬教練既不是競爭者，也不是舒適的替代者，盡管自行車在城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村都廣受歡迎，但它們也受到不良路面的阻礙。

11.單選題

Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deviated

B.disconnected

C.detached

D.distorted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：每個工作日，工人們遵循著同樣的日程表，很少常規(guī)。A選項(xiàng)deviated脫離，偏離；B選項(xiàng)disconnected切斷；拆開；C選項(xiàng)detached分離，拆開；D選項(xiàng)distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意為“背離，偏離”，應(yīng)選A。

12.單選題

Overtheyears,JimmyConnors()phenomenaldisplaysoftennisandtemperamentattheUSOpenlastweek,heexhibitedbothagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastreatedspectatorswith

B.hastreatedspectatorsfor

C.hastreatedspectators

D.hastreatedspectatorsto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。treat…with…“用……招待……”。句意：過去幾年，JimmyConnors曾向觀眾展現(xiàn)了他的網(wǎng)球球技及個性特點(diǎn)，在上周的美國公開賽上，他再次展現(xiàn)了這兩點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.

44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecauseaffectingweather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以得出結(jié)論的是，大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將會……”。根據(jù)文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.（二氧化碳的作用就像一面單向鏡子——溫室屋頂?shù)牟Ａ?，它允許陽光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量逸出。）可知A項(xiàng)“阻止太陽光線到達(dá)地球表面”，內(nèi)容與文章內(nèi)容相反；B項(xiàng)“意味著北極的氣候變暖”，第三段最后兩句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.（但是，氣象專家現(xiàn)在把更多的注意力放在了南極西部，那里可能只會受到幾度的變暖的影響：換句話說，由于燃料的燃燒，在未來的50年里可能會出現(xiàn)這樣的變暖），由此可知，現(xiàn)在南極氣溫更容易受氣候變暖的影響，所以B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了北半球氣候的巨大變化”，內(nèi)容與原文所說正相反，第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.（然而，大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的，那里的氣溫似乎正在下降），由此可知二氧化碳會使大氣溫度上升，但事實(shí)上氣溫卻在降低，所以是無法用二氧化碳來解釋北半球氣溫變化的，C項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)第四段最后兩句話Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.（現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)表明氣候已經(jīng)變暖。這符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論。）可知D項(xiàng)“提高地球表面的溫度”符合題意。因此該題選D。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章是用來解釋……”。從全文來看，作者主要探討了兩種對大氣溫度變化產(chǎn)生影響的原因——人為因素和自然因素。若以人為原因?yàn)橹?，現(xiàn)在的大氣溫度應(yīng)比以前更高，但事實(shí)上相反，大氣溫度似乎在下降；若以自然原因?yàn)橹?，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代，但是又沒有，說明二氧化碳與太陽在相互影響著大氣的溫度，只有D項(xiàng)“影響天氣的原因”全面表達(dá)了文章的內(nèi)容，即解釋影響天氣的原因。A項(xiàng)“溫室效應(yīng)”和B項(xiàng)“太陽對地球的影響”都只是其中一個原因，不夠全面。C項(xiàng)“太陽-天氣相互作用的模型”太片面，也不選。因此該題選D。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“雖然北半球的燃料消耗較大，但那里的氣溫似乎在下降。這是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.（因此，科學(xué)家得出結(jié)論，到目前為止，自然對天氣的影響已經(jīng)超過了人類造成的影響），接著作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesunitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.（一種可能是太陽的變化……它的熱量輸出呈周期性上升和下降，最新的趨勢是下降），由此可知，影響北半球氣溫下降的原因有一部分是自然的影響，因此D項(xiàng)“部分原因是太陽能輸出的變化”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“主要是因?yàn)槎趸嫉暮吭谏仙保谄叨翁岬絀fthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用），由此可知，大氣中不斷上升的二氧化碳濃度能平衡氣溫中不斷消失的太陽熱量，所以A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確；B項(xiàng)“可能是因?yàn)閮蓸O的冰蓋正在融化”，與題干無關(guān)；C項(xiàng)“這完全是由于地球氣候慣性的影響”，內(nèi)容太絕對。因此該題選D。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)他們的模型，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為……”。根據(jù)文章的第七段的第二句話…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge（這些模型預(yù)測世界將進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代，但事實(shí)并非如此），由此可知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷，因此A項(xiàng)“世界的氣候應(yīng)該會變得更冷”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“地球氣候的慣性將需要數(shù)千年才能起作用”，最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.（解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲，而太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性），根據(jù)這個句子可知文章提到太陽效應(yīng)克服地球氣候的慣性是用來對科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為的模型預(yù)測世界將進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代的一種假設(shè)，不符合題意；C項(xiàng)“人為的變暖效應(yīng)有助于增加太陽效應(yīng)”，文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用），因此C項(xiàng)錯誤。D項(xiàng)“新的冰川期將被溫室效應(yīng)推遲”，文章中科學(xué)家做出的假設(shè)是太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的這種慣性，所以D項(xiàng)錯誤。因此該題選A。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的，那么……”。文章最后兩句話提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲，而太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性。如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用），可知如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的，溫室效應(yīng)可以平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用，因此對地球是有利的，這與D項(xiàng)“溫室效應(yīng)可能對地球有利”符合；A項(xiàng)“克服這種冷卻效應(yīng)的最好方法是燃燒更多的燃料”原文未提及；B項(xiàng)“冰很快就會覆蓋北半球”，第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere（大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的），所以B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確；C項(xiàng)“大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加會使地球更快地變暖”，不是變暖，而是平衡太陽熱量的遞減，C項(xiàng)也不正確。因此該題選D。

14.單選題

ClassicsisasubjectthatexistsinthatgapbetweenusandtheworldoftheGreeksandRomans.ThequestionsraisedbyClassicsarethequestionsraisedbyourdistancefrom‘their’worldandatthesametimebyourclosenesstoit,andbyitsfamiliaritytousinourmuseums,inourliterature,languages,culture,andwaysofthinking.TheaimofClassicsisnotonlytodiscoveroruncovertheancientworld(thoughthatispartofit,astherediscoveryofBassae).Itsaimisalsotodefineanddebateourrelationshiptothatworld.Thisbookwillexplorethatrelationship,anditshistory,startingfromaspectaclethatisfamiliar,but,atthesametime,canbecomepuzzlingandstrange:dismemberedfragmentsofanancientGreektempleputonshowintheBritishMuseum.InLatintheword'museum'onceindicated;atempleoftheMuses’；inwhatrespectsisthemodemmuseumtherightplacetopreservetreasuresfromaclassicaltemple?Doesitonlylookthepart?

TheissuesraisedbyBassaeprovideamodelforunderstandingClassicsinitswidestsense.Ofcourse,Classicsisaboutmorethanthephysicalremains,thearchitecture,sculptureandpainting,ofancientGreeceandRome.Itisalsoaboutthepoetry,philosophy,scienceandhistorywrittenintheancientworldandstillreadand