考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安順職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安順職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反擊結(jié)核病的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,幾種有前景的藥物開(kāi)發(fā)策略正在出現(xiàn)。結(jié)核病如今每年仍在奪去將近兩百萬(wàn)人的生命,其中大多發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。隨著結(jié)核分枝桿菌進(jìn)化成可以耐受抗結(jié)核藥物,而患者感到很難接受現(xiàn)有的藥物治療框架,科學(xué)家正在尋找新藥和好的診斷方法。一些有前景的藥物正在進(jìn)行早期臨床試驗(yàn),這可能縮短結(jié)核病治療時(shí)間,但是他們面臨的情況不利,因?yàn)橹挥胁坏?0%的進(jìn)入早期臨床試驗(yàn)階段的抗生素獲得了批準(zhǔn)。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),研究基因、蛋白質(zhì)和代謝的領(lǐng)域提供了破解關(guān)于這種細(xì)菌及其與人類相互作用的空前詳細(xì)的新信息的潛力。

Passage2

對(duì)于Web2.0來(lái)講,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起來(lái)不累,配合流暢的文字內(nèi)容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0網(wǎng)站的排版布局（難度）可說(shuō)是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重點(diǎn)突出,易讀,易用?？瞻啄茏屩匾畔⑼癸@,讓眼睛得以休息,并給予一種安定和秩序的感覺(jué)。寬松的行間距也讓視線易于跟隨文本流動(dòng)。一些Web2.0網(wǎng)站的布局簡(jiǎn)單到令人感到無(wú)聊的地步,但若設(shè)計(jì)上出色的話,一個(gè)四平八穩(wěn)的頁(yè)面也能成為絕頂?shù)拿牢洞蟛?。友好、活潑的行文方式?huì)使作者與訪問(wèn)者建立更多良好的關(guān)系。

Passage3

項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須注意不能將質(zhì)量與等級(jí)混淆。質(zhì)量低常成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題,但等級(jí)低則不是。確定和傳達(dá)所需的質(zhì)量及等級(jí)水平是項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理和項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍的責(zé)任。另外,執(zhí)行組織主動(dòng)采取質(zhì)量改進(jìn)不僅能提高項(xiàng)目管理的質(zhì)量,也可提高項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。但是,項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須清楚知道一個(gè)重要的區(qū)別一項(xiàng)目的臨時(shí)性意味著對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改進(jìn)的投資,特別是缺陷的預(yù)防和評(píng)估,必須由執(zhí)行組織承擔(dān),因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目可能不會(huì)持續(xù)到獲得回報(bào)的時(shí)候。

2.單選題

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)common“普通的；一般的”，B選項(xiàng)mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C選項(xiàng)same“同樣的；一樣的”，D選項(xiàng)cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：東西方可以為各自的（）利益和進(jìn)步而共同努力。通過(guò)帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子想要表達(dá)的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個(gè)含義的，它有各自為戰(zhàn)，卻又有共同之處的含義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項(xiàng)presume“假設(shè)，認(rèn)為”；C選項(xiàng)pretend“假裝，偽裝”；D選項(xiàng)presuppose“假設(shè)，以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果沒(méi)有人問(wèn)任何問(wèn)題，那么我認(rèn)為大家都能理解。

4.單選題

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。substantiate“證實(shí)”；authenticate“鑒定”；satiate“充分滿足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通過(guò)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值和強(qiáng)有力的信息，你就能讓大家來(lái)到身邊，而不要嘗試用自己的信息和品牌讓來(lái)讓他們感到窒息。insteadof表轉(zhuǎn)折，而不要嘗試通過(guò)······可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)為貶義詞，故答案為D。

5.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出問(wèn)題：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（為什么基金會(huì)集中支持基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究？），具體介紹基礎(chǔ)研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的，它具有吸引力，因?yàn)榭梢灾苯涌吹胶拖硎艹晒?。），具體講述應(yīng)用研究。這篇文章分別介紹了這兩種研究并且進(jìn)行對(duì)比，由此推斷本文的主旨是“基礎(chǔ)研究與應(yīng)用研究”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)

本文的行文邏輯是“A—B”，分別講述基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“基礎(chǔ)研究的重要性”：基礎(chǔ)研究?jī)H僅是第一段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)X射線的不了解”：關(guān)鍵詞X-rays對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，這個(gè)例子用來(lái)支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往無(wú)法預(yù)料基礎(chǔ)研究的實(shí)際應(yīng)用），不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用研究的吸引力”：這里只總結(jié)了第二段，也屬于以偏概全。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇開(kāi)用于工業(yè)研究的資金不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面，因?yàn)檫@些能迅速帶來(lái)利益），可知工業(yè)界因?yàn)閼?yīng)用研究帶來(lái)的好處而關(guān)注它，B選項(xiàng)“立刻帶來(lái)利益”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“幫助更好地理解”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基礎(chǔ)研究的目標(biāo)是為了理解而理解。），可知這指的是基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究，屬于張冠李戴。

C選項(xiàng)“排斥基礎(chǔ)研究”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，應(yīng)用研究往往會(huì)排斥基礎(chǔ)研究。），這里指出的是基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究的關(guān)系，沒(méi)有解釋題干的原因，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的，它具有直接的吸引力），這里講的是應(yīng)用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人員的原因，并不等工業(yè)界喜歡應(yīng)用研究的原因，屬于偷換概念。

6.單選題

Mysisterisquite______andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggressive

B.enthusiastic

C.considerate

D.ambitious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.aggressive好斗的，挑釁的B.enthusiastic熱情的，熱心的

C.considerate考慮周到的，為（他人）著想的D.ambitious有野心的，有雄心的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“計(jì)劃在一年內(nèi)拿到碩士學(xué)位”可知，Mysisterisquite______表示的意思是“我妹妹雄心勃勃”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我妹妹雄心勃勃，計(jì)劃在一年內(nèi)拿到碩士學(xué)位。

7.單選題

Hewasraginginside,butheheldhimselfin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stayedindoors

B.triedhardtoforgetit

C.controlledhimself

D.calmeddown

【答案】C

【解析】holdoneselfin意為約束，抑制。stayedindoors

待在室內(nèi)；triedhardtoforgetit努力忘記；controlledhimself控制自己；calmeddown平靜下來(lái)，鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第四句話提到“一位權(quán)威專家認(rèn)為夢(mèng)這種極度強(qiáng)烈的精神活動(dòng)不僅能被控制，而且是有意識(shí)地控制，幫助我們?nèi)胨⑶腋杏X(jué)更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此選項(xiàng)A“可以被更改”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“通過(guò)提到大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)，作者想要說(shuō)明什么問(wèn)題”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大腦邊緣系統(tǒng))是情緒大腦（emotionalbrain），因此可以推斷出作者在此處是想說(shuō)明情緒與做夢(mèng)之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第二句話提到“在上半夜往往會(huì)做不好的夢(mèng)，然后再睡醒前夢(mèng)開(kāi)始變好。這種情況暗示人們?cè)趬?mèng)里解決白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感覺(jué)出現(xiàn)在入睡的較早階段。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“做夢(mèng)的過(guò)程不一定是無(wú)意識(shí)的。Cartwright認(rèn)為我們可以練習(xí)有意識(shí)地控制不斷出現(xiàn)的噩夢(mèng)。醒來(lái)后確定在夢(mèng)中令你苦惱的事情，設(shè)想一下你想要的結(jié)局，等下次它再次出現(xiàn)，嘗試在正好能控制它的過(guò)程的時(shí)候醒過(guò)來(lái)”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我們能夠控制做夢(mèng)的進(jìn)程，說(shuō)明夢(mèng)境不一定是無(wú)意識(shí)的，而有可能是做夢(mèng)的人有意識(shí)而為之。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第一句提到我們可能根本沒(méi)有關(guān)注我們的夢(mèng)（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些長(zhǎng)期受噩夢(mèng)折磨的人需要去咨詢理療師的建議，其他人的大腦可以自動(dòng)消除不良情緒（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是說(shuō)按照往常那樣來(lái)生活就可，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman’sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

Thebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.

Theywereevidentlyveryhappy.“Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?”heasked,smilingwithdelight.

“No.”sheanswered;“Ineverwas.It’sfine,isn’tit?”

“Great!Andthenafterawhilewe’llgoforwardtothedinnerandgetabiglay-out.Freshmealintheworld.Chargeadollar.”

“Oh,dothey?”criedthebride.“Chargeadollar?Why,that’stoomuch—forus—aren’tit,Jack?”

“Northistrip,anyhow,”heansweredbravely.“We’regoingtogothewholething.”

Laterheexplainedtoheraboutthetrains.“Yousee,it’sathousandmilesfromoneendofTexastotheother;andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthedazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.Atoneendabronzefiguresturdilyheldasupportforaseparatedchamber,andatconvenientplacesontheceilingwerefrescosinoliveandsilver.

Tothemindsofthepair,theirsurroundingsreflectedthegloryoftheirmarriagethatmorninginSanAntonio;thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman’sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehimappearridiculoustotheNegroporter.Thisindividualattimessurveyedthemfromafarwithanamusedandsuperiorgrin.Onotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwaysthatdidnotmakeitexactlyplaintothemthattheywerebeingbullied.Hesubtlyusedallthemannersofthemostunconquerablekindofsnobbery.Heoppressedthem.Butofthisoppressiontheyhadsmallknowledge,andtheyspeedilyforgotthatinfrequentlyanumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

“WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42.”hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.

“Oh,arewe?”shesaid,asifshehadnotbeenawareofit:Toevince（表現(xiàn)出）surpriseatherhusband’sstatementwaspartofherwifelyamiability.Shetookfromapocketalittlesilverwatch;andasshehelditbeforeher,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband’sfaceshone.

“IboughtitinSanAntonfromafriendofmine,”hetoldhergleefully.

“It'sseventeenminutespasttwelve,”shesaid,lookingupathimwithakindofshyandclumsycoquetry（調(diào)情；賣俏）.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrancewiththeinterest,andalsotheequanimity,ofmenwhohadbeenforewarned.Thepairfelltothelotofawaiterwhohappenedtofeelpleasureinsteeringthemthroughtheirmeal.Heviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlypilot,hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.

1.Thedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehavioratthebeginningofthepassageseemstoindicatethattheyhadasenseof（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdepictstheinteriorofthecoach?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofotherpeopleonthetraintowardsthecouple?

4.Whichofthefollowingcontainsametaphor?

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatinthedining-car（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.secrecy

B.elation

C.superiority

D.awkwardness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Modern.

B.Luxurious.

C.Practical.

D.Complex.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyregardedthecoupleasanobjectoffun.

B.Theyexpressedindifferencetowardsthecouple.

C.Theywereverycuriousaboutthecouple.

D.Theyshowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouple.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

Alikeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop

Bhiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence

Csweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice

Dasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thewaitersweresnobbish

B.thecouplefeltillatease

C.theservicewassatisfactory

D.thecoupleenjoyedtheirdinner

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前半部分分別對(duì)這對(duì)黑人夫婦的描述“他坐在那里像一個(gè)在理發(fā)店等待的人。他向其他乘客投去的目光是偷偷摸摸的、害羞的。他們使她很尷尬。當(dāng)她上車時(shí)，有些乘客漫不經(jīng)心地打量著她，這讓她羞紅了臉。這副相貌平平的下層階級(jí)的臉蛋，原本線條簡(jiǎn)單，幾乎沒(méi)有什么表情，使得臉上的紅暈很奇怪。”通過(guò)這些信息我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這對(duì)夫婦很不自然，所以作者描寫他們的著裝和行為是為了體現(xiàn)出他們的尷尬，笨拙。所以選項(xiàng)D“awkwardness”正確。secrecy“秘密”；elation“興高采烈，得意洋洋”；superiority“優(yōu)越”，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。原文第九自然段提到了火車內(nèi)部的裝飾，“thedazzlingfittings令人眼花繚亂的設(shè)施”，“thesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.海綠色的天鵝絨、閃閃發(fā)光的黃銅、銀和玻璃，以及像油池表面一樣閃閃發(fā)光的木頭”，這些信息都表明，火車內(nèi)部的裝飾非常奢華。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第十自然段“...anumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.許多旅客用嘲弄的眼光望著他們?！庇纱丝芍疖嚿掀渌藢?duì)這對(duì)夫婦的態(tài)度是把他們當(dāng)做一個(gè)笑柄，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。metaphor指的是隱喻，暗喻。首先需要明確暗喻和明喻的區(qū)別，它們都有本體和喻體，但比喻詞有差別。明喻一般用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等比喻詞；暗喻一般不用這些比喻詞，直接將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物，通過(guò)比較形成。選項(xiàng)A和D可首先排除，因?yàn)樗鼈儗儆诿饔?。選項(xiàng)B不是比喻句，所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確，將地平線比作懸崖。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個(gè)自然段，這對(duì)夫婦在餐車區(qū)遇到了一位服務(wù)員，服務(wù)員因?yàn)榉浅８吲d所以對(duì)他們很友好，但除了這位服務(wù)員之外，還有其他的服務(wù)員，在第二句的時(shí)候就提及“兩排穿著閃閃發(fā)光的白色西裝的黑人侍者，帶著事先得到警告的人的興趣和鎮(zhèn)定，盯著入口的地方?！币约白詈笠痪洹爱?dāng)他們回到自己車廂時(shí)，臉上流露出一種逃離的慶幸。”由此可知，這對(duì)夫婦感到非常的不自在，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bound“綁；裝訂；包扎；凝固”；B選項(xiàng)polished“拋光，擦亮；修改，潤(rùn)色；（使）完美，改進(jìn)”；C選項(xiàng)optimized“優(yōu)化；持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度；使最優(yōu)化，使完善”；D選項(xiàng)confined“限制，使局限；禁止離開(kāi)，關(guān)押；臥床分娩”。句意：他聽(tīng)到了這個(gè)壞消息，但當(dāng)他對(duì)員工們講話時(shí)，他把自己的話______在一些暗示銷售下滑的跡象上。此處填“限制”一詞最符合句意，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。atanyprice“無(wú)論如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“無(wú)可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制，其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely，可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Wemaintainareflexive,（）affectionforUncleRalph,theboringfellowwithinterminablestoriesofatimeweneverknew.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hateful

B.distanced

C.loving

D.glaring

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hateful“可恨的”；distanced“距離遠(yuǎn)的”；loving“忠誠(chéng)的”；glaring“耀眼的，瞪視的”。句意：我們對(duì)Ralph叔叔有一種反射式的疏遠(yuǎn)式的喜愛(ài)，這個(gè)無(wú)聊的家伙一次性沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地講了很多我們不知道的故事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors―habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto-Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever―hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offspring,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyritualsslippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns.”saidCarolBeming,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamblethecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Beminghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughcruelandendlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

1.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap（

）.

2.Theexampleofbrushingteethshowsthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto

3.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto

4.HowdidCarolBemingseecreatingautomaticbehaviorsamongconsumers?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisingonpeople’shabits?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbefurthercultivated

B.aredeeplyrootedinhistory

C.shouldbechangedgradually

D.arebasicallyprivateconcerns

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.perfectedartofproducts

B.commercialpromotions

C.automaticbehaviorcreation

D.scientificexperiments

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

B.revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits

C.indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower

D.manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaynotbringhugeprofitsforcompanies.

B.Ithasbecomeanewfieldofscientificresearch

C.Itmeansaheavyinvestmentforcompanies

D.Itisnecessaryforthesuccessofnewproducts.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent

B.Negative

C.Positive

D.Biased

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第一句therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits提到這個(gè)博士的觀點(diǎn)：因?yàn)槲覀儾恢廊绾胃淖內(nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣，所以有像手臟了而不用肥皂洗手的根本公共健康問(wèn)題仍然是導(dǎo)致人類死亡的事物。而這種習(xí)慣需要培養(yǎng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第四段acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands提到在廣告普及之前很少有人會(huì)有規(guī)律地刷牙，由此可知選項(xiàng)B