考研考博-英語-南京機電職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京機電職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

Describechildrensurfingthenetbrieflyandgiveyourcomments.

【答案】Nowadays,theInternetisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.TheInternetisacollectionofvariousservicesandresourcesforpeople.AlmostallhouseholdshaveaccesstotheInternet；however,beforepeopleconnectingtheInternet,theyneedtobeawareofitsdisadvantagesandadvantages.Childrenofnetusershavebecomeabigconcern.MostparentsdonotrealizethedangersinvolvedwhentheirchildrenlogontotheInternet.Whenchildrenareonline,theycaneasilybeluredintosomethingdangerous.Whenchildrentalktoothersonline,theydonotrealizetheycouldactuallybetalkingtoaharmfulperson.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanycaseswherechildrenhavebeenconvincedtomeetpeopletheyhavetalkedwithonline.Inaddition,childrenmayalsoreceivepornographyonlinebymistake;therefore,causingconcernamongparentseverywhere.WhethersurfingtheWeb,readingnewsgroups,orusingemail,childrencanbeexposedtoextremelyinappropriatematerial.Pornographicsitestendtomakesuretheyarethefirstsitestobelistedinanysearcharea；thus,childrencomeacrosssuchsiteseasily.

Wecouldcontroltheissuefromthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstandforemost,parentsareresponsiblefortheirownchildrenontheInternetbecausethereareavailableservicestoprotectchildren.Further,tokeepchildrensafe,parentsandteachersmustbeawareofthedangers.Theymustactivelyguideandguardtheirchildrenonlineandshouldtalktochildrenaboutwhatisonlineandwhatmighthappenonline.Inaddition,thecompaniesshoulddevelopanumberoftoolsavailabletodaythatmayhelpkeeptheInternetenvironmentsaferforchildren.Inotherwords,childrenwanttoexplorethings；however,therearepeopleontheInternetthatarejusttoopersuasive.

2.單選題

BankofAmerica,holdingcompanyfortheSanFrancisco-basedBankofAmerica,wasonceunchallengedasthenation’sbiggestbankingorganization.Atitspeak,ithadmorebranchesinCalifornia,1,100,thantheU.S.PostalService.Itwasalsoahighlyprofitableenterprise.Butsince1980,BankofAmerica’searningshavebeendownorflat.FromMarch1985toMarch1986,forexample,earningspersharedropped50.8percent.SamuelH.Armacost,presidentandCEO,hasconfessedthathedoesn’texpectaturnaroundsoon.

SomeofBankofAmerica’soldmagicseemstohaverubbedoffonNewYork’sCitibank,perennialrivalfortopbankinghonors.Thankstoaggressivegrowthpolicies,Citicorp’sassetstoppedBankofAmerica’sforthefirsttimein1983andbyahealthymargin.Citibankhasalsobeengeneratingprofitsatafastclip,enablingittospendlavishlyoncampaignstoenternewmarkets—notablyBankofAmerica’sturfinCalifornia.

ThebadtimesBankofAmericaiscurrentlyfacingarepartlytheresultofthegoodtimesthebankenjoyedearlier.Basedinalargeandpopulousstateandoperatinginaregulatedenvironment,BankofAmericathrived.Beforederegulation,bankscouldnotcompetebyofferingsaversahigherreturn,sotheycompetedwithconvenience.Withabranchateverycrossroads,BankofAmericawasabletoattract40percentoftheCaliforniadepositmarket—asourceofhighearningswhenthelegalmaximumpayabletodepositorswasmuchlowerthantheinterestonloans.

TheprogressivederegulationofbankingforcedBankofAmericatofightforitscustomersbyofferingthemcompetitiverates.Buthowcouldthismammothbureaucracy,withitsexpensiveoverhead,offerratesasattractiveasitsloanercompetitors?PruningtheestablishmentwasforemostinthemindsofBankofAmericapolicymakers.Butcutbackshaveproceededslowly.Althoughthebankisplanningtoconsolidatebyofferingfullservicesonlyinkeybranches,sofaronlyabout40brancheshavebeenclosed.Cutbacksthroughattritionhavereducedtheworkforcefrom83,000tofewerthan73,000;wholesalelayoffs,itseems,wouldnotfitthetraditionoftheorganization.Andtheywouldintensifythemoraleproblemsthatalreadythreatentheinstitution.

26.Accordingtothepassage,NewYork’sCitibank______.

27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforwhichBankofAmericathrived?

28.Thephrase“mammothbureaucracy”(Line2,Paragraph4)refersto______.

29.Nowthemostimportantfactorforabanktowinincompetitionseemstobe______.

30.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscan’tbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.isadarkhorseinthefieldofbanking

B.hasbeengrowinginamoderateway

C.hasbeenmakingeffortstoconquerthemarketsofBankofAmerica

D.hasmorebranchesthanBankofAmericanow

問題2選項

A.It’sturf—Californiawasastatewithalargenumberofpopulation.

B.Theeconomicenvironmentthatwascontrolledbythegovernment.

C.Itsdepositratewashigherthanthatofotherbanks.

D.Itslargeamountofbranches.

問題3選項

A.itsexpensiveoverhead

B.itslargeamountofbranches

C.itslonghistory

D.corruptionofitsleaders

問題4選項

A.higherdepositrate

B.flexibilityofcapital

C.highbankinghonors

D.supportofthegovernment

問題5選項

A.TheU.S.PostalServicehadlessthan1,100branchesinCaliforniaafewdecadesbefore.

B.TheprofitoftheBankofAmericahasbeenreducingsincethe1980s.

C.TheprospectoftheBankofAmericaisnotquitepromising.

D.MoralproblemisalsoafactorthatleadstothedeclineoftheBankofAmerica.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，紐約花旗銀行……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段，由第一句SomeofBankofAmerica’soldmagicseemstohaverubbedoffonNewYork’sCitibank,perennialrivalfortopbankinghonors.（美國銀行的一些古老的魔力似乎也影響到了紐約花旗銀行，后者是銀行業(yè)最高榮譽的常年競爭對手），從句中的perennial（常年的）一詞可推斷，A項“是銀行領(lǐng)域的一匹黑馬”屬于曲解原文。根據(jù)最后一句Citibankhasalsobeengeneratingprofitsatafastclip,enablingittospendlavishlyoncampaignstoenternewmarketsnotablyBankofAmerica’sturfinCalifornia.（花旗銀行的利潤也在快速增長，這使得它能夠在進入新市場的宣傳活動上花費巨資，尤其是美國銀行在加利福尼亞的地盤）可知，花旗銀行的利潤是快速增長的，所以它能在新市場進入的宣傳中花費巨資，尤其是美國銀行所在的市場，由此可以推斷，花旗銀行一直在努力進軍美國銀行的市場所在地，C項“一直在努力征服美國銀行的市場”正確；B項“一直以溫和的方式增長”屬于反向干擾。D項“現(xiàn)在比美國銀行有更多的分行”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“以下哪項不是美國銀行蓬勃發(fā)展的原因？”。定位文章第三段，第二句提到Basedinalargeandpopulousstateandoperatinginaregulatedenvironment,BankofAmericathrived.（美國銀行總部位于一個人口眾多的大州，在一個受監(jiān)管的環(huán)境中運營，因而興旺發(fā)達），可知，因為加州人口眾多，以及在監(jiān)管環(huán)境中運營，所以美國銀行能蓬勃發(fā)展，A項“加州是一個人口眾多的州”和B項“政府控制的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境”正確。最后一句提到Withabranchateverycrossroads,BankofAmericawasabletoattract40percentoftheCaliforniadepositmarket—asourceofhighearningswhenthelegalmaximumpayabletodepositorswasmuchlowerthantheinterestonloans.（美國銀行在每個十字路口都有分支機構(gòu)，因此能夠吸引加州40%的存款市場，這是一個高收入來源，因為法定最高支付給儲戶的利息遠遠低于貸款利息）可知，D項“大量的分行”符合原文。而根據(jù)Beforederegulation,bankscouldnotcompetebyofferingsaversahigherreturn（在放松管制之前，銀行無法通過向儲戶提供更高的回報來競爭）可知，C項“它的存款利率高于其他銀行”是不可能的，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第4段的‘mammothbureaucracy’指的是……”。定位到第四段第二句Buthowcouldthismammothbureaucracy,withitsexpensiveoverhead,offerratesasattractiveasitsloanercompetitors?（但是，這個龐大的官僚機構(gòu)，有著昂貴的管理費用，怎么能提供與其貸款競爭對手一樣有吸引力的利率呢？），結(jié)合前面一句TheprogressivederegulationofbankingforcedBankofAmericatofightforitscustomersbyofferingthemcompetitiverates.（逐步放松銀行業(yè)管制迫使美國銀行通過提供有競爭力的利率來爭取客戶），以及后面一句PruningtheestablishmentwasforemostinthemindsofBankofAmericapolicymakers.（在美國銀行的政策制定者的心目中，精簡現(xiàn)有機構(gòu)是最重要的）可知，即使銀行業(yè)管制逐步放松，美國銀行也沒辦法提供與其貸款競爭對手一樣的利率，因為管理費用太昂貴了，而美國銀行的政策制定者認為，精簡現(xiàn)有的機構(gòu)才是最首要的，所以可推斷，美國銀行管理費用太高是因為分行太多，所以要精簡分行的數(shù)量，故mammothbureaucracy指的就是美國銀行大量的分行，B項“它大量的分行”正確。A項“其昂貴的開銷”這是出處錯位。C項“其悠久的歷史”和D項“其領(lǐng)導人的腐敗”在該段沒提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

29.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“現(xiàn)在，銀行要想在競爭中勝出，最重要的因素似乎是……”。從第三段第三句Beforederegulation,bankscouldnotcompetebyofferingsaversahigherreturn,sotheycompetedwithconvenience.（在放松監(jiān)管之前，許多銀行無法通過向儲戶提供更高的回報來與之競爭，因此美國銀行以便利競爭），以及最后一段第一句TheprogressivederegulationofbankingforcedBankofAmericatofightforitscustomersbyofferingthemcompetitiverates.（逐步放松銀行業(yè)管制迫使美國銀行通過提供有競爭力的利率來爭取客戶），可知，利率在當前競爭中是最重要的，最有競爭力的，所以A項“更高的存款利率”正確。B項“資本的靈活性”、C項“較高的銀行榮譽”和D項“政府的支持”可能是因素之一，但是作者并沒有提到，所以屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“以下哪個結(jié)論不能從文章中得出？”。定位第一段第二句Atitspeak,ithadmorebranchesinCalifornia,1,100,thantheU.S.PostalService.（在鼎盛時期，它在加州有1100家分支機構(gòu)，超過了美國郵政服務）可知，美國銀行在加州有1100家分支機構(gòu)，這超過了美國郵政服務，所以郵政服務的分支機構(gòu)不到1100家，A項“幾十年前，美國郵政服務在加州只有不到1100家分支機構(gòu)”能夠從文章推出。根據(jù)第一段第四句Butsince1980,BankofAmerica’searningshavebeendownorflat.（但自1980年以來，美國銀行的收益一直在下降或持平）可知，美國銀行的利潤自20世紀80年代以來一直下降或者持平，B項“美國銀行的利潤自20世紀80年代以來一直在減少”符合原文。由第一段最后一句SamuelH.Armacost,presidentandCEO,hasconfessedthathedoesn’texpectaturnaroundsoon.（公司總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官塞繆爾阿瑪科斯特坦稱，他預計公司不會很快好轉(zhuǎn)）可知，美國銀行前景還不是很可觀，C項“美國銀行的前景不太樂觀”正確。只有D項“道德問題也是導致美國銀行衰落的一個因素”中的moralproblem在文中并沒有提到，所以無從得知。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

3.單選題

Thereisno（）tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，機會”；avenue“林蔭大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“邊緣”。句意：沒有通道從主路通往那個房子。A項符合題意。

4.單選題

Georgewas（）frommilitaryservicewhilehewasstillinschool.

問題1選項

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.exempted

D.stopped

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevented“阻止；避免”；B選項restrained“抑制；約束”；C選項exempted“免除；豁免”；D選項stopped“停止；終止”。句意：喬治還在學校的時候就被……服兵役。militaryservice“兵役”，服兵役是一項責任。exempt做形容詞有被免除責任和義務的意思，而且exemptsb.fromsth.為固定搭配，意為“免除某人某事”。因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou（

）cold.

問題1選項

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。otherwise表示“否則，要不然”時，其后的句子是否用虛擬語氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對過去的虛擬，故空格處用過去完成時，因此選A。句意：你沒有多穿衣服，否則就不會感冒了。

6.單選題

Williamneverworksrapidly,healways（

）ineverythingthathedoes.

問題1選項

A.takeshistime

B.makestime

C.keepsgoodtime

D.losestime

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“不慌不忙”；B選項“抽出時間”；C選項“（鐘表）走的準”；D選項“耽誤時間，失去時機”。句意：威廉做事不快，他總是（）做他的事。從前面的句子neverworksrapidly可知，這里答案選A“不慌不忙”，其他選項不符合邏輯。

7.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowhetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanhetreatedmedically.

1.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

2.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

3.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

4.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

問題1選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

問題2選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題3選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye.

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

問題4選項

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世紀60年代，一種新工具被開發(fā)出來，它首先對軍隊和工業(yè)有很大的實用價值，同時也及時地使手術(shù)發(fā)生了革命性的改變。這種工具就是激光。選項中只有選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。這意味著，本來不比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生的能量多的光，在集中成為針尖大小的光束后，就會變得非常強。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.”不用手術(shù)刀，不用縫針，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，也許有些癌癥可以用激光治療，這只是作者的推測，并沒有真正實現(xiàn)，所以選項A和D錯誤；將來我們可以看到越來越多需要用藥物治療的病可以用激光治療，選項C表述太絕對，所以不正確；只有選項B符合原文。

8.單選題

Thenewaircraftwillbe（）toatestoftemperaturesof-65℃and120℃.

問題1選項

A.summoned

B.subjected

C.suspended

D.suppressed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項summoned“召喚；鼓起（勇氣等）”；B選項subjected“使遭受”；C選項suspended“暫停；懸掛”；D選項suppressed“鎮(zhèn)壓；阻止（進程或活動），抑制（過程）”。句意：新的飛機會（），好去做一個到零下65℃和120℃的測試。根據(jù)語境，可知這里指的是新的飛機需要先做測試，合格以后才投入使用，suppressed“阻止（進程或活動）”比較合理。因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

PassageOne

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

21.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

22.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Paragraph1)impliesthat（）.

23.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

24.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

25.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

問題1選項

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

問題2選項

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

問題3選項

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一句Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（我們可以責怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏，但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕）可以推斷出，C選項“司機的行為”符合題意。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)劃線部分“你可能會容忍那些古怪的橫沖直撞、粗魯無禮的司機，但如今那些有禮貌的司機卻是例外”可以推斷出，有禮貌的司機不多見，因此D選項“現(xiàn)在不禮貌的司機占大多數(shù)”正確。

23.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior（當遇到不文明行為時，只有頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機才能抵制報復的誘惑）可以推斷出，司機的goodsense是指他們能理智地看待別人的行為并做出適當?shù)姆磻?，因此A選項“司機的理解能力和合理反應的能力”正確。

24.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.（多年前，專家警告我們，汽車保有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者更多的互讓）可知，B選項“司機們應該做好互相讓道的準備”正確。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（馬路禮貌不僅是一種禮貌，也是一種良好的意識）和第三段第一句However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，錯誤的禮貌也可能是危險的）可知，作者認為司機應文明駕駛，但又要恰當?shù)囟Y讓，因此B選項“司機應該適當?shù)厥褂玫缆范Y貌”正確。

10.單選題

WhenPH.D.candidates（）theirimpendingprofessorships,theyconsiderhousingbenefitsofferedbytheprospectiveuniversity.

問題1選項

A.anticipate

B.assume

C.apply

D.demand

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項anticipate“預期，預計（并做準備）”；B選項assume“設想，假定”；C選項apply“申請，應用”；D選項demand“強烈要求”。句意：當博士申請者在為即將到來的教授職位做準備時，他們會考慮未來大學提供的住房福利。選項A符合語境。

11.單選題

Thetooththatisbeingextractedbythedentist（）meforsometime.

問題1選項

A.hashurt

B.hasbeenhurting

C.ishurting

D.hurts

【答案】A

【解析】考查時態(tài)?！癴or+一段時間”一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，“forsometime”表示“一段時間以來”，句意：牙科醫(yī)生正在拔的那顆牙痛了我一段時間了。所以本題選擇A選項“hashurt”正確。

12.單選題

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

問題2選項

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

問題3選項

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

問題4選項

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

問題5選項

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：英國人將什么進行了明確的區(qū)分？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.（對英國人來說，食物的種類和供應的食物與一起吃飯的人們之間的社會聯(lián)系有關(guān)。）再根據(jù)后面的舉例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.（食物的種類象征著客人的類別以及和誰一起吃。）由此可知，英國人對于供應食物的種類做了明確的區(qū)分，所以選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：哪些人不會在一起吃飯？原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.（在一些新幾內(nèi)亞社會，小家庭通常是不會一起吃飯的。）后面進行了舉例，男性通常和他們的妻子孩子分開吃飯。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.（這種模式在近東社會中也很普遍。）由此可知，選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是：下面哪一個不是一起吃飯所表明的信息？根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到了社會關(guān)系，第二段提到了家庭關(guān)系，第三段提到了婚姻關(guān)系，所以選項B、C、D均正確，只有選項A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情，所以本題選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么決定了人們怎么吃？根據(jù)最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.（食物禁忌和等級之間也有聯(lián)系，這在印度的種姓制度中表現(xiàn)得最為極端。）由此可知，印度的社會地位決定了人們怎么吃。所以選項D正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文第一段的第一、二句為本文的主題句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.（文化規(guī)則決定了食物消費的方方面面。誰在一起吃飯定義了社會群體。）由此可知，本文主要是講食物和社會群體的關(guān)系，所以選項D正確。

13.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

在哥本哈根會議遇到困難，許多國家領(lǐng)導人準備打道回府的時候，我堅持同各方斡旋，與各國共同努力，最終達成哥本哈根協(xié)議。這個成果是來之不易的，也是在涉及各國重大利益問題上可能取得的最好成果。

哥本哈根會議結(jié)束以后，1月份我就致函聯(lián)合國秘書長和丹麥首相，堅定地表示，中國高度評價和支持哥本哈根會議決議的立場。就在最近，我們又致函聯(lián)合國，表示我們?nèi)嬷С指绫竟鶗h決議的立場，并且申明中國列入支持《哥本哈根協(xié)議》的名單國。

為什么總拿中國做文章？我至今不明白。氣候變化問題關(guān)系到人類的生存，也關(guān)系到各國的利益，關(guān)系到世界的公平和正義。我們堅持“共同但有個別的責任”原則是完全正確的，我們將繼續(xù)同世界各國一同推進應對氣候變化的進程。

【答案】WhentheCopenhagenConferenceranintodifficultiesandmanyworldleaderswerereadytogohome,IinsistedonworkingwithallpartiesandothercountriestoreachanagreementinCopenhagen.Thisresultishard-won,anditisthebestthatcanbeachievedonissuesthataffecttheinterestsofallcountries.

AftertheCopenhagenConference,IwroteletterstotheUNSecretary-GeneralandtheDanishPrimeMinisterinJanuary,firmlystatingthatChinahighlyvaluesandsupportstheCopenhagenConferenceresolution.Justrecently,wewrotetotheUnitedNations,expressingourfullsupportfortheCopenhagenConferenceresolutionandaffirmingChina’sinclusioninthelistofcountriessupportingtheCopenhagenAccord.

WhydoyoualwaysmakeanissueofChina?Istilldon’tunderstand.Climatechangeconcernsnotonlythesurvivalofmankind,butalsotheinterestsofallcountriesandthefairnessandjusticeoftheworld.Itisentirelycorrectforustoadheretotheprincipleof“commonbutseparateresponsibilities”.Wewillcontinuetoworkwithothercountriestotackleclimatechange.

14.單選題

Sinceitsinception,Pakistanhasstriveddesperatelyto_____India,cultivatingtieswithanystatewillingtohelpit.

問題1選項

A.counteract

B.counterfeited

C.counterchange

D.counterbalance

【答案】A

【解析】counteract對抗,阻礙,中和;counterfeit偽造,假冒;counterchange交換,調(diào)換;counterbalance抵消,平衡。句意：從一開始,巴基斯坦就拼命對抗印度,與任何愿意幫助它的國家建立聯(lián)系。選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

FlatswerealmostunknowninBritainuntilthe1850swhentheyweredeveloped,alongwithotherindustrialdwellings,forthelaboringclasses.Thesevastblockswereplainlya（1）meansof（2）socialconsciencebyhousinglargenumbersoftheever-presentpooron（3）citysites.Duringthe1880s,however,theideaoflivingincomfortableresidentialchamberscaughtonwiththe（4）upperanduppermiddle-classes,and（5）astotheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofflatlifewasatopicofconversation（6）manya（7）dinnertable.InParisandothermajorEuropeancities,thecustomwherebythebetter-offlivedinapar