(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 教材知識解讀 選擇性必修第1冊　Unit 5 Working the Land (含答案)

教材詞匯要記牢Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——我會認(rèn)1．yieldn．產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出vt.出產(chǎn)(作物)；產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服；讓步2．domesticadj.本國的；國內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的3．strainn．(動、植物的)系；品種；拉傷；壓力4．envisionvt.展望；想象5．sorghumn．高粱；高粱米6．broomn．掃把；掃帚；金雀花7．fertiliser(NAmE-izer)n．肥料8．crisisn．(pl.crises)危機(jī)；危急關(guān)頭9．characteristicn．特征；特點；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的10．conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的11．comprisevt.包括；包含；由……組成12．celebrityn．名望；名譽(yù)；名人；名流13．grainn．谷物；谷粒；顆粒14．urbanadj.城市的；都市的；城鎮(zhèn)的15．bombn．炸彈vt.轟炸；對……投炸彈16．tunneln．地下通道；地道；隧道17．flavour(NAmE-vor)n．味道；特點；特色18．organicadj.有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的19．groceryn．食品雜貨店；[pl.]食品雜貨20．a(chǎn)spectn．方面；層面21．a(chǎn)lleviatevt.減輕；緩解22．povertyn．貧窮；貧困23．pesticiden．殺蟲劑；除害藥物24．bacteriumn．(pl.bacteria)細(xì)菌Ⅱ.重點單詞——我會寫1．tacklevt.解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理2．shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺3．boostvt.使增長；使興旺n.增長；提高；激勵4．a(chǎn)ttainvt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得；得到5．intenseadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的6．overcomevt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝7．expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))8．outputn．產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量vt.(output，output)輸出9．estimatevt.估計；估價；估算n．估計；估算10．generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起11．leisuren．閑暇；休閑；空閑12．soiln．泥土；土壤；國土；領(lǐng)土13．visionn．想象；視力；視野；影像14．realityn．現(xiàn)實；實際情況；事實15．wheatn．小麥；小麥籽16．widespreadadj.分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的17．digestvt.&vi.消化vt.領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟n．摘要；文摘18．essentialadj.完全必要的；極其重要的19．mineraln．礦物；礦物質(zhì)20．a(chǎn)lternativen．可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的21．instancen．例子；實例；事例22．rootn．根；根莖；根部；根源23．entirelyadv.全部地；完整地；完全地Ⅲ.拓展單詞——我會變1．devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于→devotionn．獻(xiàn)身；忠誠；熱愛2．convincevt.使相信；使確信；說服→convincingadj.有說服力的；使人信服的→convincedadj.確信的；堅信的3．a(chǎn)ssumptionn．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得→assumev．假定；設(shè)想→assumingconj.假定；假設(shè)4．consumptionn．消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)→consumevt.消耗；消費(fèi)；吃；喝→consumern．消費(fèi)者；用戶；客戶5．saltyadj.含鹽的；咸的→saltn．鹽6．extensionn．?dāng)U建部分；擴(kuò)大；電話分機(jī)→extendvt.伸開；展開；延伸7．chemicaladj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的n．化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品→chemistryn．化學(xué)8．nutritionaladj.營養(yǎng)(物)的→nutritiousadj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的→nutritionn．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)9．depthn．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)→deepadj.深的→deepenvt.加深；(使)變深Ⅳ.核心短語1．devote...to把……用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心2．becomprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)3．deepdown在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實際上4．inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流5．forinstance例如；比如高頻詞匯來助力1．hesitatevt.猶豫；躊躇2．hopelessadj.沒有希望的；絕望的3．horribleadj.令人恐懼的；恐怖的4．humorn．幽默，幽默感5．humorousadj.幽默的6．hurricanen．颶風(fēng)；十二級風(fēng)7．idealadj.理想的；美好的8．identificationn．鑒定；識別經(jīng)典句式需悟通1．Indeed，hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevotedhislife.確實，他瘦削但結(jié)實的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千百萬中國農(nóng)民一樣。2．However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，他最擔(dān)憂的是農(nóng)民們的收成不好，有時甚至嚴(yán)重缺乏食物。3．GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.鑒于袁隆平的雜交水稻品種已經(jīng)讓他變得相當(dāng)富有，有的人可能認(rèn)為，他會退休過一種休閑的生活。4．Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共6分)1．domesticadj.本國的；國內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的2．envisionvt.展望；想象3．broomn．掃把；掃帚；金雀花4．fertilisern．肥料5．a(chǎn)lleviatevt.減輕；緩解6．povertyn．貧窮；貧困Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題2分，共24分)7．tacklevt.解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理8．shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺9．boostvt.使增長；使興旺n.增長；提高；激勵10．intenseadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的11．overcomevt.克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝12．estimatevt.估計；估價；估算n．估計；估算13．generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起14．leisuren．閑暇；休閑；空閑15．visionn．想象；視力；視野；影像16．realityn．現(xiàn)實；實際情況；事實17．a(chǎn)lternativen．可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的18．essentialadj.完全必要的；極其重要的Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2分，共10分)19．devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于→devotionn．獻(xiàn)身；忠誠；熱愛20．convincevt.使相信；使確信；說服→convincingadj.有說服力的；使人信服的→convincedadj.確信的；堅信的21．a(chǎn)ssumptionn．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得→assumev．假定；設(shè)想→assumingconj.假定；假設(shè)22．chemicaladj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的n．化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品→chemistryn．化學(xué)23．depthn．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)→deepadj.深的→deepenvt.加深；(使)變深Ⅳ.高頻詞匯(每小題2分，共10分)24．hesitatevt.猶豫；躊躇25．horribleadj.令人恐懼的；恐怖的26．humorn．幽默，幽默感27．hurricanen．颶風(fēng)；十二級風(fēng)28．idealadj.理想的；美好的Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)29．devote...to把……用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心30．becomprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)31．deepdown在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實際上32．inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流33．forinstance例如；比如Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)(每小題1分，共10分)1．Thereisn’tashortageofcarrots，soeverybodydoesn’tbothertogrowthemintheirgardens.2．Tomyamazement，hisopinionissimilartomineinmanyaspects.3．IwilltrymybesttoovercomethebarriersIcomeacrossandIwillnevergiveup.4．Inreality，nothingcanbreakdownthedeepmisunderstandingbetweenus.5．Inordertoexpand(增加)myknowledgeofTianjin，suchasitshistory，traditionandfood，IspendeverysparemomentIhaveinthelibrary.6．Judgingbytheboss’stone，hewasentirely(完全地)satisfiedwithwhattheworkershaddone.7．Goodnutritionisessential(必要的)ifpatientsaretomakeaquickrecovery.8．Haveyoudigested(領(lǐng)會)everythingthatisimportantinthebook?9．Itisestimated(估計)thatthestupidboycan’tfindanappropriatewaytogetoutofthetrap.10．Ourclassiscomprisedof30boysand25girls，allofwhomdemonstraterespecttoteachers.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(每小題2分，共10分)11．HeissodevotedtohisEnglishteachingthateveryoneadmireshimforhisdevotion.(devote)12．Hisconvincingargumentconvincedmeofthetruthofthestory.Inotherwords，Iwasconvincedofthestory.(convince)13．Bycontrast，consumersinthedevelopedcountriesconsumethemostenergyintheworld.(consume)14．Ifyoustudychemistry，youwillwitnessthrillingchemicalreactionsinexperiments.(chemical)15．Wewilldiscusstheproblemindepthtodeepenourunderstandingsothatwecantackleiteasily.(depth)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題5分，共20分)16．在漆黑的街道上沒有一個她可以求助的人。(定語從句)Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.17．給我留下深刻印象的是，每當(dāng)我遇到困難，我的叔叔都會激勵我堅持我的夢想。(what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，that引導(dǎo)的表語從句)WhatimpressesmemostisthatmyunclewillalwaysmotivatemetosticktomydreamwheneverIcomeacrossdifficulties.18．鑒于你對中國傳統(tǒng)文化如此感興趣，我邀請你參加我們學(xué)校的文化藝術(shù)節(jié)。(giventhat...)GiventhatyouaresointerestedinChinesetraditionalculture，IinviteyoutotakepartintheCultureandArtFestivalinourschool.19．據(jù)估計全市人口大約有一百萬。(it作形式主語)Itisestimatedthatthepopulationofthewholecityisaboutonemillion.Ⅰ.課文語法填空——復(fù)習(xí)本單元ReadingandThinking部分1．Known(know)asthe“fatherofhybridrice”，YuanLongpingstillconsidershimselftobeafarmer.Whenhewasyoung,2.whatconcernedhimmostwasfarmers’3.shortage(short)offoodtoeat，andasaconsequence，hehadapreferencetostudyagricultureatcollege.Aftergraduatingin1953，heworkedasaresearcherandwasdevotedto4.creating(create)akindofhybridrice，whichcouldattaina5.higher(high)yield.In1974，hesucceededinmakingit6.areality.Today，about60%ofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcrops7.generated(generate)fromhishybridstrains，forwhichhehasreceivednumerousawardsathomeandabroad.Butthehumorousold“farmer”，caringlittle8.forcelebrityormoney，isstillleadingasimplelife.Despitehis9.advanced(advance)years，heistrying10.toaccomplish(accomplish)hisdreamsofgettingridofhunger.Ⅱ.課文選詞填空——復(fù)習(xí)本單元UsingLanguage部分eq\x(alternative，employ，digest，nutrition，depth)Chemicalfarmingissimplyfarmingwithchemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilizers，whichwillharmboththelandandpeople’shealthinthelongterm.1.Digestingsuchcropswhicharenotrichin2.nutritionwillmakepeopleillandevencausecancer.Asan3.alternative，farmerscanswitchtoorganicfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Thenwhatmethodswillorganicfarmers4.employtoproducerichsoil?Forinstance，someofthemplantdiversecropsthatwillusedifferent5.depthsofsoil.Whichkindoffarmingdoyouprefer？提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于(常與介詞to連用)先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Ifyouareastudent，dodevoteyourselftodigesting(digest)yourteachers’instructionuntilyoufullyunderstandit.(2)Devoted(devote)toattainingadoctor’sdegree，hesparesnoefforttostudyeveryday.?devote...to(doing)sth.把……奉獻(xiàn)給；把……專注于devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事；獻(xiàn)身于(做)某事?devotedadj.深愛的；忠誠的bedevotedto(doing)sth.專心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事?devotionn．關(guān)愛；奉獻(xiàn)再提能力——完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(3)我最崇拜的人是我的英語老師，他致力于教學(xué)。(2020·全國Ⅰ，書面表達(dá))①ThepersonIadmiremostismyEnglishteacherdevotedtohisteaching.(過去分詞短語作定語)②ThepersonIadmiremostismyEnglishteacherwho/thatdevoteshimselftohisteaching.(定語從句)convincevt.使信服；使確信；說服先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Wehavebeentryingtoconvincehimtotackle(tackle)theprobleminthiswayinthepastfewdays.(2)I’mnotcompletelyconvinced(convince)thathehasthedeterminationtoovercomethedifficulty.(3)Hisspeechwassoconvincing(convince)thateveryonepresententirelybelievedwhathesaid.?convincesb.ofsth.使某人確信/明白某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事?convincedadj.確信的；堅信的beconvinced(that...)/of...(某人)堅信……?convincingadj.令人信服的再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(4)我深信我能勝任這份工作，如果有幸得到這個職位，我將盡最大努力履行職責(zé)。(應(yīng)用文之申請信)IamgreatlyconvincedthatIamqualifiedforthisjobandIwillperformmydutiestothebestofmyabilityifIamluckyenoughtogettheposition.assumptionn.假定，假設(shè)；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryonehastheabilitytotackledifficultproblems.(2)Theyassumedhertobe(be)thebestsingeroftheirtime.?ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeanassumption作出臆斷?assumev．假定；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；假裝assumesb./sth.(tobe)＋adj./n.假定/認(rèn)為某人/某事(為)……?Itisgenerallyassumedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為……?assuming(that)...假設(shè)……再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子/句式升級·背誦(3)假如我被選為學(xué)生會主席，我將組織更多豐富多彩的課外活動，豐富我們的學(xué)校生活。AssumingthatIamchosentobechairmanoftheStudentUnion，Iwillorganizemorecolorfulafter-classactivitiestoenrichourschoollife.(4)(簡單表達(dá))PeopleassumethatdrinkingChineseteacannotonlyrefreshourselvesbutalsostrengthenourmemory.(高級表達(dá))ItisgenerallyassumedthatnotonlycandrinkingChinesetearefreshourselvesbutalsoitcanstrengthenourmemory.(用it作形式主語，notonly...butalso的倒裝句改寫)alternativen．可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語法填空(1)Inordertoreducepollution，wehumanbeingshavenoalternativebuttochoose(choose)somecleanresources.Forexample，solarenergyisanalternativetofossilfuel.(2)Icouldcometoyourhouse，oralternatively(alternative)，wecouldmeetintown.?havenoalternativebuttodosth.別無選擇只好做某事analternativeto……的替代品?alternativelyadv.可供選擇地再提能力——完美寫作·詞匯升級·背誦(3)(簡單表達(dá))FacedwithCOVID-19，wehavenochoicebuttostayathometoalleviatetheserioussituation.(高級表達(dá))FacedwithCOVID-19，urn轉(zhuǎn)而；相應(yīng)地；反過來；依次；輪流?byturns輪流?taketurnstodo/indoingsth.輪流做某事?Itisone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事能力提升——根據(jù)句意用turn短語的正確形式填空Somestudentrepresentativestookturnstodeliverspeechesatthecoming-of-ageceremony.Finally，itwasmyturn.Personally，inthepastitwasourparentsandteachersthathelpedusinmanyaspectsandinturn，weshouldgiveahelpinghandtothemfromnowon.(改編自2020·天津，書面表達(dá))giventhat＋從句GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.鑒于袁隆平的雜交水稻品種已經(jīng)讓他變得相當(dāng)富有，有的人可能認(rèn)為，他會退休過一種休閑的生活。giventhat＋從句，用來標(biāo)記已知事實，表示“鑒于、考慮到”。能力提升——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(1)鑒于您對中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)非常感興趣，我寫信向您介紹端午節(jié)。(應(yīng)用文之傳統(tǒng)文化)GiventhatyouarekeenontheChinesetraditionalfestival，DragonBoatFestival，Iamwritingtointroduceittoyou.(2)鑒于沒有人幫他與惡狼作斗爭，他立即從自行車上下來，并且抓牢自行車，用盡全力把它扔向狼，試圖把狼嚇跑。(讀后續(xù)寫之肢體動作描寫)Giventhattherewasnobodytohelphimfightagainstthefiercewolf，heinstantlygotoffthebike，seizedthebiketightlyandthrewittowardsthewolfwithallhisstrength，tryingtofrightenitaway.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上單元詞匯Ⅰ.熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．Ihaven’tentirelydigestedwhathesaidjustnow.領(lǐng)悟2．InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercameFrance.戰(zhàn)勝Ⅱ.核心知識強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識1．Ithinkweshoulddevotemuchmoretimetoadjusting(adjust)tothenewenvironment.2．Ifoundhisspeechconvincing(convince)andhewouldcallonmorepeopletotakeregularexercise.3．Myassessmentswerebasedontheassumption(assume)thathousepriceswouldremainsteady.4．Thereweresomanycarsheldupbytheheavyrainthatwehadnoalternativebuttowait(wait)．5．Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.Inturn，thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate，too.6．Itisessentialthathe(should)get(get)somereliableinformationbeforemakinginferences.7．Ashortage(short)ofexperiencecausedustoassesswhathadhappenedinanincorrectway.8．Assuming(assume)thatIdothejob，Iwillperformitinanentirelynewway.9．Nobodycanpreventmeputtingmyplanintoreality(real)．10．WhatmademethrilledwasthatIcoulddistinguishbetweenthiskindofflowerandanotherone.Ⅲ.寫作增分練——提升語用能力1．據(jù)估計，英國人80%的英語會話是閑聊。(it作形式主語)Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.2．我想向您投訴的是我在網(wǎng)上買的書印刷差，聞起來也難聞。(what引導(dǎo)的主語從句；that引導(dǎo)的表語從句)(應(yīng)用文之投訴信)WhatIamtocomplainaboutisthatthebooksIboughtonlinearepoorlyprintedandsmellterrible.3．鑒于高三學(xué)生即將畢業(yè)，昨天學(xué)生會組織了愛心義賣活動(charitysale)，以較低的價格出售各種舊書和二手物品。(giventhat)GiventhatSeniorThreestudentsweretograduate，acharitysalewasorganizedbytheStudentAssociationyesterdaytosellvarioususedbooksandsecond-handgoodsatalowerprice.4．這次愛心義賣活動包括開幕式、賣東西和閉幕式。(becomprisedof)Thecharitysalewascomprisedoftheopeningceremony，thesellingofobjectsandtheclosingceremony.5．這次愛心義賣活動不僅吸引了大量的學(xué)生，而且許多老師也積極參加。(notonly...butalso的倒裝)Notonlydidthecharitysaleappealtomanystudentsbutalsomanyteacherstookanactivepartinit.請先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。(文中加波浪線的句子為本單元的語法項目：主語從句)eq\x(yield，reality，convince，alleviate)Ourclassiscomprisedofthirtystudent