考研考博-英語-嘉興南洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉興南洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進入的”。句意：醫(yī)生對于運用激光給心臟病人做手術(shù)很感興趣。A項符合題意。

2.單選題

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

問題1選項

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.adversity逆境；不幸B.famine饑荒

C.enormity巨大；暴行D.nuance細微差別

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：我們必須學(xué)會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。劃線詞misfortune意為“厄運；不幸”。因此A選項與之意思相近，選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】我們必須學(xué)會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。

3.單選題

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantprice-cutting,becauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothecommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomicsemployintentionalprice-fixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970s,theSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselessinfluencethanarecapitalfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor'sattitudetoward"MosteconomistsintheUnitedStates”(Para,1)canbestbedescribedas

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(Para,1)because

（

）.

4.Thesuggestioninthepassagethatprice-fixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis（

）.

問題1選項

A.refutethetheorythatthefreemarketplaysausefulroleinthedevelopmentofindustrializedsocieties

B.suggestmethodsbywhicheconomistsandmembersofthegovernmentoftheUniteStatescanrecognizeandcombatprice-fixingbylargefirms

C.showthatinindustrializedsocietiesprice-fixingandtheoperationofthefreemarketarenotonlycompatiblebutalsomutuallybeneficial

D.arguethatprice-fixing,inoneformoranother,isaninevitablepartofandbenefittotheeconomyofanyindustrializedsociety

問題2選項

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

問題3選項

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

問題4選項

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段指出美國的大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家都被自由市場的魅力所迷惑，事實上，在所有工業(yè)化社會中，價格固定都是正常的，因為工業(yè)體系本身提供了它所需要的價格固定，這是它自身發(fā)展的毫不費力的結(jié)果。隨后文章對定價進行了詳細的分析，因此D選項“認為以某種形式的價格固定是任何工業(yè)化社會經(jīng)濟的必然組成部分，并對其有益”符合題意。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.（此外，那些認為讓自由市場在不受干擾的情況下運行是確定價格的最有效方法的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，沒有考慮到美國以外的非社會主義國家的經(jīng)濟）可知作者對美國大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的觀點是不贊成的，但其后并沒有明確指出是自由市場好還是定價市場好，因此作者的態(tài)度是批評與謙虛的，選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.（因此，沒有不符合自由市場要求的東西是好的或正常的。一個由賣方?jīng)Q定的價格，或者就此而言，由除消費者總數(shù)以外的任何人確定的價格，似乎是有害的）可知C選項“大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認為消費者群體應(yīng)該決定價格”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事實上，在所有工業(yè)化社會中，價格固定都是正常的，因為工業(yè)體系本身提供了它所需要的價格固定，這是它自身發(fā)展的毫不費力的結(jié)果）B選項“工業(yè)體系的必然結(jié)果”符合題意。

4.單選題

Newspapersinthe1920sandthe1930sofferedtheirreadersgiftstoincreasetheir（

）.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.contribution

C.regulation

D.advocation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析題。A選項circulation“(報刊)發(fā)行量，銷售量”；B選項contribution“捐資，貢獻”；C選項regulation“規(guī)則，管理”；D選項advocation“擁護，支持”。根據(jù)空格前“offeredtheirreadersgifts為讀者提供禮物”可知‘報紙行業(yè)是通過増加發(fā)行量為讀者提供禮物’A選項正確。

5.單選題

Themarketfordustmasksandairpurifiersis（

）inBeijingbecausethecapitalhasbeenshroudedforseveraldaysinthickfogandhaze.

問題1選項

A.booming

B.looming

C.dooming

D.zooming

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。booming“興旺的，繁榮的”；looming“隱隱約約的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空氣凈化器市場正在迅速發(fā)展，因為首都已經(jīng)連續(xù)幾天籠罩在濃霧之中。因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare____astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項

A.credible

B.incredulous

C.credulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.credible可信的B.incredulous懷疑的

C.credulous輕信的D.incredible不能相信的

【答案】D

【考查點】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格處所填詞修飾的是政客們，表示的是政客們的特點；后文有一個as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，對此進行解釋，其句意為“他們幾乎不說真話”。根據(jù)原句邏輯，因為政客們很少說真話，所以他們不能讓人相信，D選項incredible“不能相信的”，形容的人是“相信”的對象，最符合原句語義邏輯。

【干擾項排除】

A選項credible“可信的”，與原句語義邏輯相反；

B選項incredulous“懷疑的”，側(cè)重于指一個人不輕易相信某人或某事；

C選項credulous“輕信的”，側(cè)重于指一個人輕易地相信某人或某事。

【句意】在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是不能相信的，因為他們很少說真話。

7.單選題

Jeanholdsvery（）opinionsaboutfood;shewon’teatanythingneworforeign.

問題1選項

A.awesome

B.conventional

C.consistent

D.condimental

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。awesome“極好的”；conventional“傳統(tǒng)的”；consistent“始終如一的，一致的”；condimental“調(diào)味品的”。句意：簡對食物的觀念很傳統(tǒng)，她不吃任何新的或者國外的食物。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson（）underunusualstressheespeciallycarefultohaveawellbalanceddiet.

問題1選項

A.is.Shouldbe

B.were...be

C.was...willbe

D.be...be

【答案】A

【解析】句意:文章建議，當一個人處于不尋常的壓力之下時，他應(yīng)該特別注意飲食的均衡。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。此處when引導(dǎo)的從句“當一個人處于不尋常的壓力之下時”沒有明顯的時間限制，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。suggest表示“建議”，因此后面從句中的主干部分動詞應(yīng)該為should+動詞原形。綜上所述，A選項正確。

9.單選題

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources-andlaborsupply-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something

（2）

wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That"somethingspecial"wasmen

（3）

individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnewsourcesofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho

（4）

themachinesoftheIndustrial-Revolutioncamefrommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere

（5）

inventorsthanscientist.Amanwhoisa

（6）

scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninventororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis

（7）

tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcreteuse.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheoriesofscienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina

（8）

result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneofmanyotherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho

（9）

themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinventors.Eventhosewhohadlittleornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions

（10）

agroundworkhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyearsbefore.

問題1選項

A.reasons

B.factors

C.situations

D.cases

問題2選項

A.similar

B.else

C.near

D.extra

問題3選項

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

問題4選項

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

問題5選項

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

問題6選項

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

問題7選項

A.seldom

B.usually

C.sometimes

D.never

問題8選項

A.single

B.specialized

C.specific

D.sole

問題9選項

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

問題10選項

A.because

B.while

C.if

D.as

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。reason和factor放在這里都符合邏輯，由空格后面的介詞in，可知應(yīng)選factor。reason一般接for或者why引導(dǎo)的從句。故答案B

第2題:考查形容詞辨析。此句句意為還需要一些其他的東西，somethingelse其他的東西，答案B

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“inventmachines…”可知此空應(yīng)填“具有創(chuàng)造力的”，generating產(chǎn)生的；effective有效的；motivating激發(fā)的；creative創(chuàng)造性的。

第4題:考查動詞辨析。句意：在工業(yè)革命中發(fā)明這些機器的人。故答案B

第5題:考查固定搭配。句意：發(fā)明機器的人大部分是發(fā)明家，而不是科學(xué)家。more…than…是…而不是…答案C

第6題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“primarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.主要對自己的研究感興趣。他不一定是為了利用他的研究成果而工作?！笨赏浦@種科學(xué)家是純粹的科學(xué)家。genuine真正的，真實的；practical實際的；pure純粹的；clever聰明的。答案C

第7題:考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文意思可知，usually符合句意。答案B

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。句意：“不管什么方法，他工作目的是獲得特定的某種結(jié)果?！庇煽崭窈蟮呐e例可知他是為了獲得某種特定的結(jié)果而工作。答案C

第9題:考查動詞辨析。句意：工業(yè)革命時發(fā)明了這些機器的人大都是發(fā)明家而非科學(xué)家。答案B

第10題:考查連詞辨析。句意：即使是那些沒有受過科學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的人，如果沒有之前科學(xué)家們做出的基礎(chǔ)工作，他們也不可能發(fā)明這些東西。所以應(yīng)填if。答案C

10.單選題

Lastmonth,MarsandEarthwereattheclosestpointsintheir（）orbits.Thedistancebetweenthetwoworldswas68millionkilometers.

問題1選項

A.identical

B.respective

C.rigid

D.reverse

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。identical"恒一的,完全相同的";respective"各自的,分別的";rigid"嚴格的,僵硬的";reverse"反面的"。句意：上個月火星和地球在各自軌道上的距離最近,兩個世界之間的距離是6800萬公里。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Lindawas_______theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

問題1選項

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查過去將來完成時。betodo表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事，其完成時的形式為be+to+have+done。根據(jù)was與changed可知動作發(fā)生在過去，“start”這個動作發(fā)生在“changed”的之前，故用過去將來完成時，因此選B。句意：琳達本打算一個月前開始做這個實驗，但她在最后一刻改變了主意。

12.單選題

Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.

問題1選項

A.compel

B.comply

C.complain

D.combine

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項compel“強迫、迫使”，B項comply“遵守、順從”，C項complain“抱怨”，D項combine“聯(lián)合、結(jié)合”；句意：這項法律可強制父親定期支付子女的費用。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

ThecollapseoftheEarth’smagneticfield—whichguardstheplanetandguidesmanyofitscreatures—appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.

Thefield’sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet’slinesofmagneticforce.

Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity（極）.Thetransitionwouldtakethousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointednorthwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothmanandanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfindmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetweenpastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.

Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Lastmonth,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld’slargesteffortattrackingthefield’sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,istomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.“Wewanttogetsomeideaofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlikepeopletryingtopredicttheweather，”saidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan.“I’mpersonallyquiteconvincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.’’

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Evenifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreateselectromagnetism.Thisprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.Inacar’sgenerator,thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.

Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecloudsofJupiter.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth’smagneticfieldhas（

）.

2.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield（

）.

3.Theauthorsaysthepublichasnoreasontopanic”because（

）.

4.ThecauseofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldcomesfrom（

）.

問題1選項

A.misguidedmanyamanandanimal

B.beguntochangeintheoppositedirection

C.causedthechangesonthepolarities

D.beenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime

問題2選項

A.thecompasswillbecomeuseless

B.manandanimalswillbeconfusedindirections

C.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear

D.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger

問題3選項

A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsfromnow

B.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists

C.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish

D.thenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow

問題4選項

A.themovementdeepinsidetheEarth

B.theperiodicalreversesoftheEarth

C.theforcecoiningfromouterspace

D.themechanicalmovementoftheEarth

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。文章前兩段指出地球磁場開始發(fā)生變化，后來指出正在向相反的方向發(fā)生變化。故選B。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞transition定位至第三段。由此推測B項“人和動物在方向上會混淆”正確。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic定位至第五段。由此推測B項“人和動物在方向上會混淆”正確。關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic后面就講了原因:itmighttake2,000yearstomature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。故選C。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞causeofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield定位至最后一段:changesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,即原因是地球內(nèi)部深處流動著液體鐵，這種機械能會產(chǎn)生電磁。

14.單選題

ThefoundingofnewChina（

）people’sdesireforindependence.

問題1選項

A.declared

B.implied

C.manifested

D.announced

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項declare“宣布，聲明”；B選項imply“意味，暗示”；C選項manifest“表明，顯示”；D選項announce“宣布”。句意：新中國的成立表明了人民對獨立的渴望。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

Theuseofrobotsandautomatedmachineryhaseliminatedcertain（

）factoryjobs.

問題1選項

A.thrilling

B.timid

C.enticing

D.tedious

【答案】D

【解析】thrilling激動人心的；令人興奮的；timid膽小的，羞怯的；enticing有吸引力的，誘人的；tedious沉悶的，冗長乏味的。句意：機器人和自動化機器的使用消除了某些單調(diào)乏味的工廠工作。選項D符合句意。

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

雖然人人都需要一個職業(yè)是事實——最好是工資高的。但同樣確實無誤的是我們的文明已經(jīng)在與我們自己的專業(yè)相去甚遠的領(lǐng)域積累了多得令人難以置信的知識，而我們也具備了了解這些其他方面知識的更好條件——無論他們是科學(xué)的貢獻還是藝術(shù)上的成就。同樣確實無誤的是，在研究不同智慧時，我們可以學(xué)會如何思考。更重要的也許是教育教會我們看到事物之間的聯(lián)系，并看到我們的當前需求以外的東西。從長遠的觀點來看，這正是教育所真正應(yīng)該做到的，而我認為它也能夠做到的。

【答案】It'struethateveryoneneedsacareer—preferablyonethatpayswell,butitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedknowledgethatistoomuchtobebelievedbypeopleinthefieldswhicharefarfromourmajors,andthatwealsohavehadbetterconditionsforunderstandtheknowledgeintheseotheraspects—whethertheyarescientificcontributionsorartisticachievements.Itisalsotruethat,instudyingdifferentshadesofwisdom,wecanlearnhowtothink.Perhapsmoreimportantly,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellasthingsbeyondcurrentneeds.Inthelongrun,thisisexactlywhateducationshouldmanagetodo,andIalsobelieveitmayalsobeabletodo.

17.單選題

Here’sthescarythingabouttheidentity-theftringthatthefedscrackedlastweek:therewasnothinganyofitsestimated40,000victimscouldhavedonetopreventitfromhappening.Thiswasaninsidejob,accordingtocourtdocuments.Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop.Thatallowedthegangtocherry-pickconsumerswithgoodcreditandapplyforallkindsofaccountsintheirnames,costtothevictims:$3millionandrising.

Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets.Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure.Asitstandsnow,it’suptoyoutoprotectyouridentity.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofstepsyoucantake.Mostcreditthievesareopportunists,notwell-organizedgangs.AlotofthemgoDumpsterdivingforthosemillionsof“pre-approved”credit-cardmailingsthatgoouteveryday.Othersstealwalletsandreturnthem,takingonlyaSocialSecuritynumber.ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater.

Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear.Therearethreemajorcredit—reportoutfits:Equifax(atE),TransUnion()andExperian(E).Allallowyoutoorderreportsonline,whichisalotbetterthanwadingthroughvoice-mailhellontheir800lines.Ofthethree,1foundTransUnion’swebsitetobethecheapestandmostcomprehensive—layingoutstate-by-stateprices,rightsandtipsforconsumersineasy-to-readfashion.

Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoliveinColorado,Georgia,Maryland,Massachusetts,NewJerseyorVermont,youareentitledtoonefreereportayearbylaw.Otherwiseit’sgoingtocost$8to$14eachtime.Avoidservicesthatoffertomonitoryourreportsyear-roundforabout$70;that’s$10morethanthegoingrateamongthieves.Ifyouthinkyou’reavictimofidentitytheft,youcanaskforfraudalertstobeputonfileateachofthethreecredit-reportcompanies.Youcanalsodownloadatheft-reportformatwww.consumer.gor/idtheft,which,alongwithalocalpolicereport,shouldhelpwheniratecreditorscomeknocking.Justdon’texpectjustice.Thataudacioushelp-deskworkerwasoneofthefewerthan2%ofidentitythieveswhoareevercaught.

1.Whatisthetrendofcredit-theftcrime?

2.Theexpression“insidejob”mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Thecreditorscanprotecttheiridentityinthefollowingwayexcept（）.

4.Whyisiteasytohavecredit-theft?

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Tightlysuppressed.

B.Morefrightening.

C.Rapidlyincreasing.

D.Looselycontrolled.

問題2選項

A.acrimethatiscommittedbyapersonworkingforthevictim

B.acrimethatshouldbepunishedseverely

C.acrimethatdoesgreatharmtothevictim

D.acrimethatposesagreatthreattothesociety

問題3選項

A.destroyingyourjunkmail

B.leavingyourSocialSecuritycardathome

C.visitingthecredit-reportwebsiteregularly

D.obtainingthefreereportfromthegovernment

問題4選項

A.Morepeopleareusingcreditservices.

B.Theapplicationprogramisnotsafeenough.

C.Creditorsusuallydisclosetheiridentity.

D.Creditorsarenotcarefulabouttheiridentity.

問題5選項

A.Thedangerofcredit-theft

B.Thelossofthecreditors

C.Howtoprotectyourgoodname

D.Whythecreditorslosetheiridentity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets”,更可怕的是，這是迄今為止最大規(guī)模的身份盜竊案，不過是滄海一粟。每年有超過70萬美國人的信用被劫持。這是最大的犯罪增長市場之一。由此可知，信用盜竊犯罪率呈上升趨勢。因此C選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop”,TeledataCommunications是一家?guī)椭y行在線獲取信用報告的軟件公司，據(jù)稱該公司的一名地位低下的咨詢臺工作人員竊取了這些報告的密碼，并以每份60美元的價格將其賣給了20名盜賊。由此可知，insidejob意味著公司內(nèi)部人員對受害者犯下的罪行。因此A選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater”和第四段“Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear”，相對應(yīng)選項A、B、C，選項D以偏概全，只適用于特定的幾個州，而不是所有的，因此D選項符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure”,一個名字、地址和社會安全號碼——這些可以在網(wǎng)上找到——是任何人申請?zhí)摷傩庞妙~度所需要的全部。信用公司每年賺1.3萬億美元，但因欺詐而損失的收入不到2%，所以他們沒有什么經(jīng)濟動機來提高申請程序的安全性。由此可知，應(yīng)用程序不夠安全是信用卡容易遭到盜竊的原因。因此B選項符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。定位整篇文章內(nèi)容，從信用盜竊討論，主要涉及保護個人信息。因此C選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Soconfused____thathedidn’tknowhowtostarthislecture.

問題1選項

A.sincehebecame

B.wouldhebecome

C.thathebecame

D.didhebecome

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.sincehebecame因為他變得B.wouldhebecome他變得

C.thathebecame他變得D.didhebecome他變得

【答案】D

【考查點】倒裝強調(diào)句

【解題思路】本題考查的是so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝句用法。在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果將so+adj./adv.置于句首，則其后的主句要用部分倒裝。此處使用的動詞為become，需要借助助動詞do幫助構(gòu)成部分倒裝；根據(jù)從句使用的一般過去時推測，主句也使用一般過去時。因此，D選項didhebecome符合要求。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語法要求。

【句意】他變得如此困惑以至于他不知道如何開始他的演講。

19.單選題

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

問題1選項

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央視所有慶祝春節(jié)的節(jié)目都通過衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播到世界各地。劃線詞的前綴是re-，選項A和B不符合句意，所以選項C正確。

20.單選題

Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband’sboathadbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.wrecked

B.collapsed

C.decayed

D.fired

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項wrecked“破壞，毀滅，船舶失事”；B選項collapsed“倒塌，崩潰”；C選項decayed“腐爛，衰退”；D選項fired“點火，激發(fā)”。句意：在她丈夫的船失事12個小時后，Lackey夫人被床邊的電話鈴聲吵醒。選項A符合語境。

21.單選題

YoucancountonwhatSusanreportedjustnowbecauseshehadenough（

）totellthetruth.

問題1選項

A.candle

B.cannon

C.candor

D.canyon

【答案】C

【解析】candle蠟燭；cannon大炮；candor坦白，直率；canyon峽谷。句意：你可以相信蘇珊剛才所說的話，因為她足夠坦白說出事實真相。選項C符合語境。

22.單選題

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

問題1選項

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項visit“訪問，拜訪，看望，參觀，訪問”，指短期行為，更多用于動作，目的性較強；B選項travel“長途旅行，經(jīng)過（某地區(qū)），（非正式）經(jīng)受得住旅行，（物體，放射線）移動，行進，傳送”，強調(diào)從某處過到另一處，或者已經(jīng)完成的旅行；C選項watch“觀看，注視，守候，看守”，強調(diào)專注地看/注視移動著的物體，如看電視，看球賽等；D選項tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用來形容整個旅行，強調(diào)旅行的過程。句意：當他在北京的時候，他把所有的時間都花在參觀一些重要的藝術(shù)博物館和建筑上。

23.單選題

After1989,theexternal（）vanished,butthedangertoAmericancivilizationremained.

問題1選項

A.disruption

B.menace

C.liability

D.emergence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。disruption中斷，分裂；menace威脅，脅迫;liability責任，義務(wù)；emergence出現(xiàn)，出來，暴露。句意:1989年之后，外部消失了，但對美國文明的危險依然存在。因此B項符合句意和邏輯。

24.翻譯題

這些書都沒有解釋這一現(xiàn)象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

25.翻譯題

61.Americanscientistshaveforthefirsttimetakenstemcellsfromhumanembryosthataregeneticcopiesoflivingpeople.Thegoalistocreatebettertreatmentsfordisease.Buttheworkhasraisedethicalconcernsaboutmakinggeneticcopiesorcloning.Cloningahumanbeingisillegalinmorethantwelvestates.Mostscientistshaverejectedit,butsomemedicalresearchersareperformingwhatiscalled“therapeuticcloning”totrytofightdisease.Stillthatmethodisbannedinsevenstates.

62.Onestatewhere“therapeuticcloning”isnotbannedisOregonthatiswhereresearchersatOregonHealth&ScienceUniversityinPortlandwereabletoputhumanDNAintomodifiedhumaneggs:thustheyproducedembryosthatweregeneticallythesameasthepeoplewhohaddonatedtheirDNA.

63.Thestemcellstakenfromtheembryoswhichcanbedevelopedintoanytissueinthebodyarecalled“mastercells”.Scientistshavealreadyknownhowtousechemicalstocausemastercellstodevelopintoanytissueinthebody.

64.Theideaisthatdoctorcouldusetissuecreatedthiswaytoreplacediseasedorgans.Thenewbodytissuewouldbeageneticallymatchofthepersonreceivingitandtherewouldbenodangerthatthepatient’sbodywouldrejectthenewtissuewhichcanhappenwithnormaltransplants.

ThescientistsbelievedthestemcellscouldgivedoctorsanewwaytotreatParkinson’sdisease—adegenerativemovementdisorder.TheybelievetheycouldusethisgeneticmaterialorDNAfromaskincellofsomeonewithParkinson’sdiseasetocreateapersonalizedtreatment.

AltaCharoisabioethicistattheUniversityofWisconsinLawSchool,shebelievesitistoosoontosay,whethertheuseofembryonicstemcellsforpersonalizedmedicinewouldbecomecommon.Scientistscouldinfactfindotherlesscontroversialsourcesofstemcells;however,shesupportstheuseofstemcellst