考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題

20XX年考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題(完整版)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)矚慫潤(rùn)厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴。矚慫潤(rùn)厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴賃。Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.”___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___.聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛(ài)氌譴凈。聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛(ài)氌譴凈禍。Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort.殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟。殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟婭。Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐。釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐顧。TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡。彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡詒。[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses謀蕎摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔。謀蕎摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔點(diǎn)。3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷。廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷巹。6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚。煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚鍍。8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴。鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴縈。9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)。籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)櫧。10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However預(yù)頌圣鉉儐歲齦訝驊糴。預(yù)頌圣鉉儐歲齦訝驊糴買。12.[A]accordingto [B]regardlessof [C]apartfrom [D]insteadof滲釤嗆儼勻諤鱉調(diào)硯錦。滲釤嗆儼勻諤鱉調(diào)硯錦鋇。13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility鐃誅臥瀉噦圣騁貺頂廡。鐃誅臥瀉噦圣騁貺頂廡縫。15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually擁締鳳襪備訊顎輪爛薔。擁締鳳襪備訊顎輪爛薔報(bào)。19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar贓熱俁閫歲匱閶鄴鎵騷。贓熱俁閫歲匱閶鄴鎵騷鯛。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)壇摶鄉(xiāng)囂懺蔞鍥鈴氈淚。壇摶鄉(xiāng)囂懺蔞鍥鈴氈淚躋。Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?蠟變黲癟報(bào)倀鉉錨鈰贅。蠟變黲癟報(bào)倀鉉錨鈰贅籜。 Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.買鯛鴯譖曇膚遙閆擷凄。買鯛鴯譖曇膚遙閆擷凄屆。 Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴。綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴飆。ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.驅(qū)躓髏彥浹綏譎飴憂錦。驅(qū)躓髏彥浹綏譎飴憂錦諑。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.貓蠆驢繪燈鮒誅髏貺廡。貓蠆驢繪燈鮒誅髏貺廡獻(xiàn)。[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.鍬籟饗逕瑣筆襖鷗婭薔。鍬籟饗逕瑣筆襖鷗婭薔嗚。[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.構(gòu)氽頑黌碩飩薺齦話騖。構(gòu)氽頑黌碩飩薺齦話騖門。22.Thephrase,“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans輒嶧陽(yáng)檉籪癤網(wǎng)儂號(hào)澩。輒嶧陽(yáng)檉籪癤網(wǎng)儂號(hào)澩蠐。[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.堯側(cè)閆繭絳闕絢勵(lì)蜆贅。堯側(cè)閆繭絳闕絢勵(lì)蜆贅瀝。[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.識(shí)饒鎂錕縊灩筧嚌儼淒。識(shí)饒鎂錕縊灩筧嚌儼淒儂。[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.凍鈹鋨勞臘鍇癇婦脛糴。凍鈹鋨勞臘鍇癇婦脛糴鈹。[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?恥諤銪滅縈歡煬鞏鶩錦。恥諤銪滅縈歡煬鞏鶩錦聰。[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel鯊腎鑰詘褳鉀溈懼統(tǒng)庫(kù)。鯊腎鑰詘褳鉀溈懼統(tǒng)庫(kù)搖。[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?碩癘鄴頏謅攆檸攜驤蘞。碩癘鄴頏謅攆檸攜驤蘞鷥。[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.閿擻輳嬪諫遷擇楨秘騖。閿擻輳嬪諫遷擇楨秘騖輛。[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.氬嚕躑竄貿(mào)懇彈瀘頷澩。氬嚕躑竄貿(mào)懇彈瀘頷澩紛。[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.釷鵒資贏車贖孫滅獅贅。釷鵒資贏車贖孫滅獅贅慶。[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.慫闡譜鯪逕導(dǎo)嘯畫長(zhǎng)涼。慫闡譜鯪逕導(dǎo)嘯畫長(zhǎng)涼馴。Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.諺辭調(diào)擔(dān)鈧諂動(dòng)禪瀉類。諺辭調(diào)擔(dān)鈧諂動(dòng)禪瀉類謹(jǐn)。Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.嘰覲詿縲鐋囁偽純鉿錈。嘰覲詿縲鐋囁偽純鉿錈癱。Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.熒紿譏鉦鏌觶鷹緇機(jī)庫(kù)。熒紿譏鉦鏌觶鷹緇機(jī)庫(kù)圓。Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedto鶼漬螻偉閱劍鯫腎邏蘞。鶼漬螻偉閱劍鯫腎邏蘞闋。doso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.紂憂蔣氳頑薟驅(qū)藥憫騖。紂憂蔣氳頑薟驅(qū)藥憫騖覲。Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.穎芻莖蛺餑億頓裊賠瀧。穎芻莖蛺餑億頓裊賠瀧漲。Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻減。26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto銚銻縵嚌鰻鴻鋟謎諏涼。銚銻縵嚌鰻鴻鋟謎諏涼鏗。[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?擠貼綬電麥結(jié)鈺贖嘵類。擠貼綬電麥結(jié)鈺贖嘵類羋。[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.賠荊紳諮侖驟遼輩襪錈。賠荊紳諮侖驟遼輩襪錈極。28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom塤礙籟饈決穩(wěn)賽釙冊(cè)庫(kù)。塤礙籟饈決穩(wěn)賽釙冊(cè)庫(kù)麩。[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit裊樣祕(mì)廬廂顫諺鍘羋藺。裊樣祕(mì)廬廂顫諺鍘羋藺遞。[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.倉(cāng)嫗盤紲囑瓏詁鍬齊驁。倉(cāng)嫗盤紲囑瓏詁鍬齊驁絛。[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.綻萬(wàn)璉轆娛閬蟶鬮綰瀧。綻萬(wàn)璉轆娛閬蟶鬮綰瀧恒。[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.驍顧燁鶚巰瀆蕪領(lǐng)鱺賻。驍顧燁鶚巰瀆蕪領(lǐng)鱺賻驃。[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.瑣釙濺曖惲錕縞馭篩涼。瑣釙濺曖惲錕縞馭篩涼貿(mào)。Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.鎦詩(shī)涇艷損樓紲鯗餳類。鎦詩(shī)涇艷損樓紲鯗餳類礙。What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.櫛緶歐鋤棗鈕種鵑瑤錟。櫛緶歐鋤棗鈕種鵑瑤錟奧。Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.轡燁棟剛殮攬瑤麗鬮應(yīng)。轡燁棟剛殮攬瑤麗鬮應(yīng)頁(yè)。AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.峴揚(yáng)斕滾澗輻灄興渙藺。峴揚(yáng)斕滾澗輻灄興渙藺詐。Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.詩(shī)叁撻訥燼憂毀厲鋨驁。詩(shī)叁撻訥燼憂毀厲鋨驁靈。31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes.[C]anexampleofbankers’investments.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit則鯤愜韋瘓賈暉園棟瀧。則鯤愜韋瘓賈暉園棟瀧華。[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewawards.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves脹鏝彈奧秘孫戶孿釔賻。脹鏝彈奧秘孫戶孿釔賻鏘。[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?鰓躋峽禱紉誦幫廢掃減。鰓躋峽禱紉誦幫廢掃減萵。[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.35.Theauthorbelievesthatthenowawardsare[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.稟虛嬪賑維嚌妝擴(kuò)踴糶。稟虛嬪賑維嚌妝擴(kuò)踴糶欏。In20XX,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby“federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers”to“maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.”Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.陽(yáng)簍埡鮭罷規(guī)嗚舊巋錟。陽(yáng)簍埡鮭罷規(guī)嗚舊巋錟麗。Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents’abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.溈氣嘮戇萇鑿鑿櫧諤應(yīng)。溈氣嘮戇萇鑿鑿櫧諤應(yīng)釵。Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon’tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing“progressive,”orleft-liberalpropaganda.鋇嵐縣緱虜榮產(chǎn)濤團(tuán)藺。鋇嵐縣緱虜榮產(chǎn)濤團(tuán)藺締。Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.懨俠劑鈍觸樂(lè)鷴燼觶騮。懨俠劑鈍觸樂(lè)鷴燼觶騮揚(yáng)。TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate.謾飽兗爭(zhēng)詣繚鮐癩別瀘。謾飽兗爭(zhēng)詣繚鮐癩別瀘鯽。36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?咼鉉們歟謙鴣餃競(jìng)蕩賺。咼鉉們歟謙鴣餃競(jìng)蕩賺趲。[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto瑩諧齷蘄賞組靄縐嚴(yán)減。瑩諧齷蘄賞組靄縐嚴(yán)減籩。[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation[B]definethegovernment’s

roleineducation[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation[D]safeguardindividuals’rightstoeducation38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare麩肅鵬鏇轎騍鐐縛縟糶。麩肅鵬鏇轎騍鐐縛縟糶爾。[A]supportiveoffreemarkets[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?納疇鰻吶鄖禎銣膩鰲錟。納疇鰻吶鄖禎銣膩鰲錟顫。[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter”風(fēng)攆鮪貓鐵頻鈣薊糾廟。風(fēng)攆鮪貓鐵頻鈣薊糾廟誑。[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducationPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplacedMarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(10points)滅噯駭諗鋅獵輛覯餿藹。滅噯駭諗鋅獵輛覯餿藹猙。[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece,thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,anearlyhominidsiteinTanzania,wasfoundbyabutterflyhunterwholiterallyfellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.鐒鸝餉飾鐔閌貲諢癱騮。鐒鸝餉飾鐔閌貲諢癱騮吶。[B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsReneMillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuacanintheValleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.AtitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheworld.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.攙閿頻嶸陣澇諗譴隴瀘。攙閿頻嶸陣澇諗譴隴瀘鐙。[C]Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.趕輾雛紈顆鋝討躍滿賺。趕輾雛紈顆鋝討躍滿賺蜆。[D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopan,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillagesandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopancollapsed.夾覡閭輇駁檔驀遷錟減。夾覡閭輇駁檔驀遷錟減汆。[E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbornetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.視絀鏝鴯鱭鐘腦鈞欖糲。視絀鏝鴯鱭鐘腦鈞欖糲僉。[F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamunexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingsforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEvancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingfortinyengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evans’sinterpretationsoftheseengravingseventuallyledhimtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossos(Knossós)ontheislandofCrete,in1900.偽澀錕攢鴛擋緬鐒鈞錠。偽澀錕攢鴛擋緬鐒鈞錠鈴。[G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetectors.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.緦徑銚膾齲轎級(jí)鏜撟廟。緦徑銚膾齲轎級(jí)鏜撟廟耬。41.→A→42.→E→43.→44.→45.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)騅憑鈳銘僥張礫陣軫藹。騅憑鈳銘僥張礫陣軫藹攬。Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.(46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.癘騏鏨農(nóng)剎貯獄顥幗騮。癘騏鏨農(nóng)剎貯獄顥幗騮鴣。Beethov